閱讀的目的是擴大閱讀范圍, 增加詞匯數(shù)量和背景知識, 為達到此目的,
如果只是采用傳統(tǒng)的閱讀方法, 通過學習詞匯和進行語法分析來學習閱
讀是收不到預期效果的, 只有通過學習閱讀技巧, 才能達到提高閱讀理解
能力和提高閱讀速度的目的.快速閱讀法就是利用視覺運動的規(guī)律, 通過一定的方法訓練, 在較短的時間里閱讀大量的書報資料. 它的構成有閱讀文學材料的快速性, 閱讀文學材料的無聲性, 閱讀方法的科學性.
1. 閱讀文學材料的快速性
要想達到此目的, 關鍵是眼肌能訓練, 即用特殊方法, 使眼肌能靈活自如,
達到視角, 視幅, 視停, 視移等視覺 狀態(tài). 訓練方法可按手指法(即目
光隨著手指左右,上下移動,頭不要搖動), 圖譜法(如點,圓,拋物線等圖形目光
沿著圖形而快速移動),詞譜法, 投影儀進行快速閱讀的基本功訓練. 當眼肌能
訓練適應之后, 可采用快速閱讀初級方法之一: 跳讀法--眼光從一個"字群"
跳到另一個"字群" 進行識讀(字群是由多個單詞組成的)這個過程眼球按"凝視
──跳躍──凝視"的程序進行連續(xù),不斷運動,如:
The man in /the brown coat /was reading a book.
當跳讀練習熟練之后, 可進行練習擴大視力識讀文字的單位面積的訓練. 首先
進行五個單詞的練習, 其主視區(qū)總應放在中間, 也就是主視中間的3個單詞,
兩邊單詞用余視力掃視. 如:
/We /have a color / TV /
在練習五個單詞達到熟練之后, 就可加寬視區(qū)練習, 一下看六個單詞,七個單
詞, 甚至達到九個單詞, 逐漸加寬視區(qū)范圍, 延長目光移視長度, 這樣就能縮
短凝視時間, 達到快速閱讀的目的.
2. 閱讀文字材料的無聲性
上面只是快速閱讀的先決條件, 速讀的關鍵還在于"無聲"訓練, 在閱讀速度上,
無聲要比有聲快, 因為無聲閱讀只是運用眼和腦兩大器官, 因而它的速度要快,
快速閱讀的信息變換方式為: 書面信息-->眼睛掃描信息-->大腦記憶中樞的信息.因此我們應用特殊的方法和手段消除讀音和心音, 特殊手段就是用自身單聲調(diào)鼻音, 單聲調(diào)心聲或外界背景音樂抵消并消除讀音和心音的手段, 對特殊頑固的不發(fā)音不能閱讀的人, 還可用一套自創(chuàng)歌曲, 邊唱邊讀, 最后達到無音閱讀.
3.閱讀方法的科學性
我們在閱讀的時候, 必須通過直覺, 聯(lián)想, 相象, 邏輯分析和綜合判斷等一系列思維活動, 才能把順次進入視覺的一連串文字信號轉換成概念和思想, 完成閱讀過程, 要完成其過程, 必須具備以下幾個條件:
1) 自信心: 一個人要想在快速閱讀上獲得成功,首先要有自信心,在快速閱讀時,
自信心是很重要的,只要我們堅信我們能成功, 通過長期苦練就會實現(xiàn)的.
2) 集中注意力: 快速閱讀的同時還要求快速記憶, 這就要求在閱讀時, 不僅
要閱讀,而且要記, 要理解, 這是 一個高難度的思維活動, 沒有集中的注意力是很難保證"速讀"的完成.
3) 快速理解──快速閱讀的催化劑. "理解" 就是利用已有的知識經(jīng)驗, 去獲得新的知識經(jīng)驗, 并把新的知識經(jīng)驗納入已有的知識經(jīng)驗系統(tǒng)中, 理解可分為直接理解和間接理解.直接理解就是在瞬息之間立刻實現(xiàn)的, 不需要任何中間思維過程,與知覺融合在一起, 在這種情況下, 主要是通過瞬間憶起以前所得的知識, 選取立刻所需要的知識. 而間接理解的實現(xiàn)需要通過一系列復雜的分析綜合活動, 快速閱讀用的是中間理解法, 它包括推斷法: 實行快速閱讀的人往往根據(jù)幾個單詞推斷出一個句子, 由句子推知整個段落的意思,這就需要多讀書, 知識積累越多, 知識面越寬, 理解力越強, 快速閱讀中的推斷能力才能越高. 正是由于這種推斷, 眼睛才能停頓到最有信息含義的地方上. 英語中使用的推斷法之一是學會略過哪些無關緊要的詞匯. 如:
The usual life span for shanghai men is 72 years.
如果我們閱讀時不知道"span"的詞義, 我們也完全可以看懂句子意思是"通常上海男子的壽命是72歲". 推斷法之二是利用英語構詞法推斷詞義, 構詞法由轉換,派生與合成三部分構成.
4) 抓住關鍵詞句: 為了提高閱讀速度首先應抓住關鍵詞句, 因為它是聯(lián)接上下
文的紐帶, 快速閱讀時只注意瞬時關鍵詞, 其它便可迎刃而解, 抓住關鍵句子就是找出主題句, 主題句是文章中用來概括大意的句子, 主題句往往是每個段落的第一個句子, 有時可能是最后一個句子, 在特殊情況下可能出現(xiàn)在段落當中, 通過識別主題句, 可以快速, 準確地抓住文章中各個段落的主要意思, 如果能把每一段落的大意抓住了, 那么全篇文章的中心思想也就把握住了, 在閱讀中識別主題句,并準確理解其意思, 可幫助我們了解作者的行文思路,分析文章的內(nèi)容結構,搞清楚各個段落 之間的邏輯關系,有利于提高閱讀的速度和理解的準確性.
5) 快速閱讀能促使快速記憶. 快速閱讀時人的注意力高度集中, 連續(xù)的快速閱
讀是一種強化活動, 強化活動能夠鞏固和促進快速記憶的成果. 強化記憶有三個層次: 一是死記硬背(這是必要的,不可缺少的層次). 二是聯(lián)想記憶. 三是理解記憶.以閱讀現(xiàn)代記敘文類(童話故事,作文選等)為例: 要求硬記的是文題, 作者, 文章時間, 地點, 人物, 姓名, 名人名句等; 要求聯(lián)想記憶的故事情節(jié)(事件起因, 事件發(fā)展, 關鍵情節(jié), 高潮情節(jié), 事件結局); 要求理解記憶的關鍵詞, 關鍵句, 中心語,段首語,事件性質(zhì),人物命運, 作者態(tài)度,人稱變化,詞語概念,文章含義或中心思想等.總之, 快速閱讀能促進理解的質(zhì)量, 促進理解的速度, 促進快速記憶。
Anne Whitney, a sophomore at Colorado State University, first had a problem taking tests when she began college. "I was always well prepared for my tests. Sometimes I studied for weeks before a test. Yet I would go in to take the test, only to find I could not answer the questions correctly. would blank out because of nervousness and fear. I couldn’t think of the answer. My low grades on the tests did not show what I knew to the teacher." Another student in microbiology and similar experiences. He said ,"My first chemistry test was very difficult. Then, on the second test, I sat down to take it, and I was so nervous that I was shaking. My hands were moving up and down so quickly that it was hard to hold my pencil. I knew the material and I knew the answers. Yet I couldn’t even write them down!"
These two young students were experiencing something called test anxiety. Because a student worries and it uneasy about a test, his or her mind does not work as well as it usually does. The student cant write or think clearly because of the extreme tension and nervousness. Although poor grades are often a result of poor study habits, sometimes test anxiety causes the low grades. Recently, test anxiety had been recognized as a real problem, not just an excuse or a false explanation of lazy students.
Special university counseling courses try to help students. In these courses, counselors try to help students by teaching them how to manage test anxiety. At some universities, students take tests to measure their anxiety. If the tests show their anxiety is high, the students can take short courses to help them deal with their tension. These courses teach students how to relax their bodies. Students are trained to become calm in very tense situations. By controlling their nervousness, they can let their minds work at ease .Learned information then comes out without difficulty on a test.
An expert at the University of California explains. With almost all students, relaxation and less stress are felt after taking out program. Most of then experience better control during their tests. Almost all have some improvement. With some, the improvement is very great."
mda.com
1.To "blank out" is probably______.
a. to be like a blanket
b. to be sure of an answer
c. to be unable to think clearly
d. to show knowledge to the teacher
2.Poor grades are usually the result of _______.mda.com
a. poor hygienic habits
b. laziness
c .lack of sleep
d. inability to form good study habits
3.Test anxiety has been recognized as _______.
a. an excuse for laziness
b. the result of poor habits
c. a real problem
d. something that cant be changed
4.To deal with this problem, students say they want to ______.mda.com
a. take a short course on anxiety
b. read about anxiety
c. be able to manage or understand their anxiety
d. take test to prove they are not anxiety
5.A University of California counselor said_______.
a. all students could overcome the anxiety after taking a special test anxiety program
b. almost all students felt less stress after taking a University of California counseling coursemda.com
c. students found it difficult to improve even though they had taken a special test anxiety course
d. students found it easy to relax as soon as they entered a University of California counseling course
答案：cdcab
如果只是采用傳統(tǒng)的閱讀方法, 通過學習詞匯和進行語法分析來學習閱
讀是收不到預期效果的, 只有通過學習閱讀技巧, 才能達到提高閱讀理解
能力和提高閱讀速度的目的.快速閱讀法就是利用視覺運動的規(guī)律, 通過一定的方法訓練, 在較短的時間里閱讀大量的書報資料. 它的構成有閱讀文學材料的快速性, 閱讀文學材料的無聲性, 閱讀方法的科學性.
1. 閱讀文學材料的快速性
要想達到此目的, 關鍵是眼肌能訓練, 即用特殊方法, 使眼肌能靈活自如,
達到視角, 視幅, 視停, 視移等視覺 狀態(tài). 訓練方法可按手指法(即目
光隨著手指左右,上下移動,頭不要搖動), 圖譜法(如點,圓,拋物線等圖形目光
沿著圖形而快速移動),詞譜法, 投影儀進行快速閱讀的基本功訓練. 當眼肌能
訓練適應之后, 可采用快速閱讀初級方法之一: 跳讀法--眼光從一個"字群"
跳到另一個"字群" 進行識讀(字群是由多個單詞組成的)這個過程眼球按"凝視
──跳躍──凝視"的程序進行連續(xù),不斷運動,如:
The man in /the brown coat /was reading a book.
當跳讀練習熟練之后, 可進行練習擴大視力識讀文字的單位面積的訓練. 首先
進行五個單詞的練習, 其主視區(qū)總應放在中間, 也就是主視中間的3個單詞,
兩邊單詞用余視力掃視. 如:
/We /have a color / TV /
在練習五個單詞達到熟練之后, 就可加寬視區(qū)練習, 一下看六個單詞,七個單
詞, 甚至達到九個單詞, 逐漸加寬視區(qū)范圍, 延長目光移視長度, 這樣就能縮
短凝視時間, 達到快速閱讀的目的.
2. 閱讀文字材料的無聲性
上面只是快速閱讀的先決條件, 速讀的關鍵還在于"無聲"訓練, 在閱讀速度上,
無聲要比有聲快, 因為無聲閱讀只是運用眼和腦兩大器官, 因而它的速度要快,
快速閱讀的信息變換方式為: 書面信息-->眼睛掃描信息-->大腦記憶中樞的信息.因此我們應用特殊的方法和手段消除讀音和心音, 特殊手段就是用自身單聲調(diào)鼻音, 單聲調(diào)心聲或外界背景音樂抵消并消除讀音和心音的手段, 對特殊頑固的不發(fā)音不能閱讀的人, 還可用一套自創(chuàng)歌曲, 邊唱邊讀, 最后達到無音閱讀.
3.閱讀方法的科學性
我們在閱讀的時候, 必須通過直覺, 聯(lián)想, 相象, 邏輯分析和綜合判斷等一系列思維活動, 才能把順次進入視覺的一連串文字信號轉換成概念和思想, 完成閱讀過程, 要完成其過程, 必須具備以下幾個條件:
1) 自信心: 一個人要想在快速閱讀上獲得成功,首先要有自信心,在快速閱讀時,
自信心是很重要的,只要我們堅信我們能成功, 通過長期苦練就會實現(xiàn)的.
2) 集中注意力: 快速閱讀的同時還要求快速記憶, 這就要求在閱讀時, 不僅
要閱讀,而且要記, 要理解, 這是 一個高難度的思維活動, 沒有集中的注意力是很難保證"速讀"的完成.
3) 快速理解──快速閱讀的催化劑. "理解" 就是利用已有的知識經(jīng)驗, 去獲得新的知識經(jīng)驗, 并把新的知識經(jīng)驗納入已有的知識經(jīng)驗系統(tǒng)中, 理解可分為直接理解和間接理解.直接理解就是在瞬息之間立刻實現(xiàn)的, 不需要任何中間思維過程,與知覺融合在一起, 在這種情況下, 主要是通過瞬間憶起以前所得的知識, 選取立刻所需要的知識. 而間接理解的實現(xiàn)需要通過一系列復雜的分析綜合活動, 快速閱讀用的是中間理解法, 它包括推斷法: 實行快速閱讀的人往往根據(jù)幾個單詞推斷出一個句子, 由句子推知整個段落的意思,這就需要多讀書, 知識積累越多, 知識面越寬, 理解力越強, 快速閱讀中的推斷能力才能越高. 正是由于這種推斷, 眼睛才能停頓到最有信息含義的地方上. 英語中使用的推斷法之一是學會略過哪些無關緊要的詞匯. 如:
The usual life span for shanghai men is 72 years.
如果我們閱讀時不知道"span"的詞義, 我們也完全可以看懂句子意思是"通常上海男子的壽命是72歲". 推斷法之二是利用英語構詞法推斷詞義, 構詞法由轉換,派生與合成三部分構成.
4) 抓住關鍵詞句: 為了提高閱讀速度首先應抓住關鍵詞句, 因為它是聯(lián)接上下
文的紐帶, 快速閱讀時只注意瞬時關鍵詞, 其它便可迎刃而解, 抓住關鍵句子就是找出主題句, 主題句是文章中用來概括大意的句子, 主題句往往是每個段落的第一個句子, 有時可能是最后一個句子, 在特殊情況下可能出現(xiàn)在段落當中, 通過識別主題句, 可以快速, 準確地抓住文章中各個段落的主要意思, 如果能把每一段落的大意抓住了, 那么全篇文章的中心思想也就把握住了, 在閱讀中識別主題句,并準確理解其意思, 可幫助我們了解作者的行文思路,分析文章的內(nèi)容結構,搞清楚各個段落 之間的邏輯關系,有利于提高閱讀的速度和理解的準確性.
5) 快速閱讀能促使快速記憶. 快速閱讀時人的注意力高度集中, 連續(xù)的快速閱
讀是一種強化活動, 強化活動能夠鞏固和促進快速記憶的成果. 強化記憶有三個層次: 一是死記硬背(這是必要的,不可缺少的層次). 二是聯(lián)想記憶. 三是理解記憶.以閱讀現(xiàn)代記敘文類(童話故事,作文選等)為例: 要求硬記的是文題, 作者, 文章時間, 地點, 人物, 姓名, 名人名句等; 要求聯(lián)想記憶的故事情節(jié)(事件起因, 事件發(fā)展, 關鍵情節(jié), 高潮情節(jié), 事件結局); 要求理解記憶的關鍵詞, 關鍵句, 中心語,段首語,事件性質(zhì),人物命運, 作者態(tài)度,人稱變化,詞語概念,文章含義或中心思想等.總之, 快速閱讀能促進理解的質(zhì)量, 促進理解的速度, 促進快速記憶。
Anne Whitney, a sophomore at Colorado State University, first had a problem taking tests when she began college. "I was always well prepared for my tests. Sometimes I studied for weeks before a test. Yet I would go in to take the test, only to find I could not answer the questions correctly. would blank out because of nervousness and fear. I couldn’t think of the answer. My low grades on the tests did not show what I knew to the teacher." Another student in microbiology and similar experiences. He said ,"My first chemistry test was very difficult. Then, on the second test, I sat down to take it, and I was so nervous that I was shaking. My hands were moving up and down so quickly that it was hard to hold my pencil. I knew the material and I knew the answers. Yet I couldn’t even write them down!"
These two young students were experiencing something called test anxiety. Because a student worries and it uneasy about a test, his or her mind does not work as well as it usually does. The student cant write or think clearly because of the extreme tension and nervousness. Although poor grades are often a result of poor study habits, sometimes test anxiety causes the low grades. Recently, test anxiety had been recognized as a real problem, not just an excuse or a false explanation of lazy students.
Special university counseling courses try to help students. In these courses, counselors try to help students by teaching them how to manage test anxiety. At some universities, students take tests to measure their anxiety. If the tests show their anxiety is high, the students can take short courses to help them deal with their tension. These courses teach students how to relax their bodies. Students are trained to become calm in very tense situations. By controlling their nervousness, they can let their minds work at ease .Learned information then comes out without difficulty on a test.
An expert at the University of California explains. With almost all students, relaxation and less stress are felt after taking out program. Most of then experience better control during their tests. Almost all have some improvement. With some, the improvement is very great."
mda.com
1.To "blank out" is probably______.
a. to be like a blanket
b. to be sure of an answer
c. to be unable to think clearly
d. to show knowledge to the teacher
2.Poor grades are usually the result of _______.mda.com
a. poor hygienic habits
b. laziness
c .lack of sleep
d. inability to form good study habits
3.Test anxiety has been recognized as _______.
a. an excuse for laziness
b. the result of poor habits
c. a real problem
d. something that cant be changed
4.To deal with this problem, students say they want to ______.mda.com
a. take a short course on anxiety
b. read about anxiety
c. be able to manage or understand their anxiety
d. take test to prove they are not anxiety
5.A University of California counselor said_______.
a. all students could overcome the anxiety after taking a special test anxiety program
b. almost all students felt less stress after taking a University of California counseling coursemda.com
c. students found it difficult to improve even though they had taken a special test anxiety course
d. students found it easy to relax as soon as they entered a University of California counseling course
答案：cdcab