II．現(xiàn)象法
對(duì)某種社會(huì)現(xiàn)象、傾向或社會(huì)問題進(jìn)行剖析的文章往往在文章一開始首先引出這種
現(xiàn)象或問題，然后評(píng)論。本節(jié)句型就適用于這種開頭。
11 Recently the rise in
phenomenon of
problem of
question of ... has
11 drawn / aroused public / popular / grave / world-wide attention
caused /aroused wide / general / considerable / international concern
arisen /loomed up /cropped up as controversial /as noteworthy/more
distinctly for settlement
11.1 Recently, the alarm about the problem of the use of genetic
technologies on human beings have caused wide public concern, and
understandably so. With nuclear energy threatening global catastrophe and
with so many other technological advances visibly damaging the quality of
life, who would wish to have scientists tampering with man's inner nature?
Indeed, fear of such manipulation may amuse even more anxiety than fear of
death.
近，有關(guān)把遺傳技術(shù)用于人類自身而產(chǎn)生的問題的警示已引起了公眾的廣泛關(guān)
注。這是可以理解的。核能開發(fā)正威脅著全球的生存，其它許多技術(shù)進(jìn)步也正明顯地危
害生活的質(zhì)量。在這種情況下，誰還會(huì)希望科學(xué)家來任意改變?nèi)梭w內(nèi)部機(jī)能呢？確實(shí)，
害怕對(duì)人的操縱所引起的擔(dān)憂可能會(huì)超過對(duì)死亡的害怕。
11.2 Recently psychologists have found only about two percent of adults
use their creativity, compared with ten percent of seven-year-old children.
When five-year-olds were tested, the result soared to ninety percent! The
findings set off many people thinking. Curiosity and originality are daily
occurrences for the small child, but somehow most of us lose the freedom and
flexibility of the child as we grow older. The need to follow "directions"
and "do-it-right", plus the many societal constraints we put on ourselves,
prevent us from using our creative potential.
近，心理學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)在使用自己創(chuàng)造力方面，成人只有2％，而7歲的兒童竟有10
％。如果在5歲的兒童中測試，這個(gè)數(shù)上升到90％。這些發(fā)現(xiàn)引起許多人思索。好奇心
和創(chuàng)造性每天可在小孩子身上發(fā)現(xiàn)，而當(dāng)我們逐步長大成人，多數(shù)人喪失了孩子的那種
自由和靈活性?！鞍闯Ｒ?guī)去做”，“按正確的去做”，以及種種社會(huì)的清規(guī)戒律把我們
束縛住了，使我們無法發(fā)揮自己的創(chuàng)造潛力。
12 Recently the issue
problem
question of... has been in the limelight.
brought into focus.
brought to public attention.
posed among the general public.
12.1 The problem of development vs. environment has now been in the
limelight. Nowhere is the clash more visible than in China, where the
world's largest population faces pollution, deforestation and acid rain on a
large scale.
現(xiàn)在發(fā)展與環(huán)境的問題已成為人們議論的中心。在中國這對(duì)矛盾表現(xiàn)得尤為明顯。
這個(gè)世界上人口多的國家正面臨著大量的環(huán)境污染、森林減少以及酸雨的襲擊。
13 In recent
the past 5 years, many cities
nations
people have been faced /plagued /troubled with
experienced/witnessed /undergone the
a(n) serious problem of
acute shortage of
alarming increase in
13.1 In recent years many factories of our country have been faced with
the problem of how to make their workers more productive. Seeing many idle
workers smoking, chatting, or playing cards during the working hours, some
experts claim that the solution is to increase economic reward. Other people
feel that "the iron rice bowl" should be roughly smashed. But does mere
money lead to greater productivity?
近年來我國許多工廠一直面臨著如何提高工人的生產(chǎn)效率的問題。針對(duì)許多工人上
班的無所事事，抽煙，聊天或打牌的現(xiàn)象，有些專家主張通過增加經(jīng)濟(jì)報(bào)酬來解決。另
一些人認(rèn)為應(yīng)徹底打破鐵飯碗。但是增加錢是否就能提高生產(chǎn)率呢？
13.2 In recent years, China has experienced an alarming increase in
juvenile crime ------ that is, crime committed by individuals who haven't
come of age. Whether the category is murder or robbery, mugging or rape, the
story is the same: juvenile crime is on the rise. Our society has
traditionally treated the juvenile as a special kind of offender, one who
warrants punishment different from that given to an adult, even though the
crime may be the same. Now it is time we asked ourselves: Does the treatment
work?
近幾年，中國的青少年犯罪率急劇上升。不管那些沒成年人的犯罪涉及到謀殺、
偷盜、搶劫或是強(qiáng)*，情形是一樣的：青少年犯
罪在增加。我們社會(huì)的傳統(tǒng)做法是把這些青少年當(dāng)成一種特殊的罪犯處理，盡管他們的
罪行和成年人一樣，但所給的懲罰和成年人不同?，F(xiàn)在該是問一問我們自己的時(shí)候了：
這種做法是否有效？
14 One of the searching
burning
pressing
interesting questions
problems facing
confronting our nation
society
world today is ...
14.1 One of the basic questions facing our society today is: What promise
or threat does new technology hold for our global future? Since the
decisions our society makes about technological development will undoubtedly
have tremendous consequences in the years to come, it is urgently necessary
to explore this question, especially by examining science and technology in
their relationship to the development of humanity.
當(dāng)今社會(huì)面臨的基本問題之一是：新技術(shù)會(huì)給世界的將來帶來什么樣的希望或威脅
？由于我們的社會(huì)所作出的關(guān)于技術(shù)發(fā)展的決定會(huì)毫無疑問對(duì)未來產(chǎn)生巨大影響，因此
探索這個(gè)問題，尤其是通過檢查科學(xué)技術(shù)與人類發(fā)展的關(guān)系來這樣做就變得非常緊迫和
必要了。
14.2 It has become apparent to us that one of the biggest problems
confronting our Chinese education today is the increasing vocationalization
of our colleges and universities. Throughout the country schools are under
economic pressure to become job-training centers and employment agencies.
All courses are geared to cater to the business needs.
很明顯中國的教育現(xiàn)在面臨的大問題之一是高等院校職業(yè)化傾向。在經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的
壓力下，全國許多大學(xué)成了職業(yè)培訓(xùn)中心或就業(yè)市場機(jī)構(gòu)。課程的設(shè)置都一昧迎合市場
的需要。
15 One of the biggest issues
hottest topics
most popular things
most serious problems many people talk
complain about now is...
15.1 One of the most popular topics many city residents talk about now is
the tide of the rural poor flooding the cities. They complain that the
migrants have brought crime and prostitution, that they are putting pressure
on population control and social order; that they are threatening to take
already scarce city jobs and exacerbating housing shortages; and that they
have worsened traffic and sanitation problems. True, these are the problems
posed by the migration, but what about the contribution the rural worker
have made to the city's development and prosperity?
許多市民現(xiàn)在談得多的話題之一是源源不斷涌進(jìn)城市的民工潮。他們抱怨民工把
犯罪和賣*帶來了，給城市人口的控制和社會(huì)秩序帶來了壓力，并威脅著奪走本來已很
緊張的城市工作機(jī)會(huì)，使得城市住房、交通、衛(wèi)生等問題更為突出。是的，這些都是民
工潮帶來的問題，但怎么看待他們對(duì)城市的發(fā)展和繁榮所作出的貢獻(xiàn)呢？
15.2 One of the best qualities that most people admire in others is the
willingness to admit one's mistakes. It is extremely hard sometimes to say a
simple thing like "I was wrong about that", and it is even harder to say, "I
was wrong, and you were right about that".
大多數(shù)人所佩服的別人的好的品質(zhì)之一，是敢于承認(rèn)自己的錯(cuò)誤。有時(shí)人們發(fā)覺
很難開口說這樣簡單的話：“在這一點(diǎn)上是
我錯(cuò)了?！倍f：“我錯(cuò)了，你是對(duì)的?！眲t更難。
對(duì)某種社會(huì)現(xiàn)象、傾向或社會(huì)問題進(jìn)行剖析的文章往往在文章一開始首先引出這種
現(xiàn)象或問題，然后評(píng)論。本節(jié)句型就適用于這種開頭。
11 Recently the rise in
phenomenon of
problem of
question of ... has
11 drawn / aroused public / popular / grave / world-wide attention
caused /aroused wide / general / considerable / international concern
arisen /loomed up /cropped up as controversial /as noteworthy/more
distinctly for settlement
11.1 Recently, the alarm about the problem of the use of genetic
technologies on human beings have caused wide public concern, and
understandably so. With nuclear energy threatening global catastrophe and
with so many other technological advances visibly damaging the quality of
life, who would wish to have scientists tampering with man's inner nature?
Indeed, fear of such manipulation may amuse even more anxiety than fear of
death.
近，有關(guān)把遺傳技術(shù)用于人類自身而產(chǎn)生的問題的警示已引起了公眾的廣泛關(guān)
注。這是可以理解的。核能開發(fā)正威脅著全球的生存，其它許多技術(shù)進(jìn)步也正明顯地危
害生活的質(zhì)量。在這種情況下，誰還會(huì)希望科學(xué)家來任意改變?nèi)梭w內(nèi)部機(jī)能呢？確實(shí)，
害怕對(duì)人的操縱所引起的擔(dān)憂可能會(huì)超過對(duì)死亡的害怕。
11.2 Recently psychologists have found only about two percent of adults
use their creativity, compared with ten percent of seven-year-old children.
When five-year-olds were tested, the result soared to ninety percent! The
findings set off many people thinking. Curiosity and originality are daily
occurrences for the small child, but somehow most of us lose the freedom and
flexibility of the child as we grow older. The need to follow "directions"
and "do-it-right", plus the many societal constraints we put on ourselves,
prevent us from using our creative potential.
近，心理學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)在使用自己創(chuàng)造力方面，成人只有2％，而7歲的兒童竟有10
％。如果在5歲的兒童中測試，這個(gè)數(shù)上升到90％。這些發(fā)現(xiàn)引起許多人思索。好奇心
和創(chuàng)造性每天可在小孩子身上發(fā)現(xiàn)，而當(dāng)我們逐步長大成人，多數(shù)人喪失了孩子的那種
自由和靈活性?！鞍闯Ｒ?guī)去做”，“按正確的去做”，以及種種社會(huì)的清規(guī)戒律把我們
束縛住了，使我們無法發(fā)揮自己的創(chuàng)造潛力。
12 Recently the issue
problem
question of... has been in the limelight.
brought into focus.
brought to public attention.
posed among the general public.
12.1 The problem of development vs. environment has now been in the
limelight. Nowhere is the clash more visible than in China, where the
world's largest population faces pollution, deforestation and acid rain on a
large scale.
現(xiàn)在發(fā)展與環(huán)境的問題已成為人們議論的中心。在中國這對(duì)矛盾表現(xiàn)得尤為明顯。
這個(gè)世界上人口多的國家正面臨著大量的環(huán)境污染、森林減少以及酸雨的襲擊。
13 In recent
the past 5 years, many cities
nations
people have been faced /plagued /troubled with
experienced/witnessed /undergone the
a(n) serious problem of
acute shortage of
alarming increase in
13.1 In recent years many factories of our country have been faced with
the problem of how to make their workers more productive. Seeing many idle
workers smoking, chatting, or playing cards during the working hours, some
experts claim that the solution is to increase economic reward. Other people
feel that "the iron rice bowl" should be roughly smashed. But does mere
money lead to greater productivity?
近年來我國許多工廠一直面臨著如何提高工人的生產(chǎn)效率的問題。針對(duì)許多工人上
班的無所事事，抽煙，聊天或打牌的現(xiàn)象，有些專家主張通過增加經(jīng)濟(jì)報(bào)酬來解決。另
一些人認(rèn)為應(yīng)徹底打破鐵飯碗。但是增加錢是否就能提高生產(chǎn)率呢？
13.2 In recent years, China has experienced an alarming increase in
juvenile crime ------ that is, crime committed by individuals who haven't
come of age. Whether the category is murder or robbery, mugging or rape, the
story is the same: juvenile crime is on the rise. Our society has
traditionally treated the juvenile as a special kind of offender, one who
warrants punishment different from that given to an adult, even though the
crime may be the same. Now it is time we asked ourselves: Does the treatment
work?
近幾年，中國的青少年犯罪率急劇上升。不管那些沒成年人的犯罪涉及到謀殺、
偷盜、搶劫或是強(qiáng)*，情形是一樣的：青少年犯
罪在增加。我們社會(huì)的傳統(tǒng)做法是把這些青少年當(dāng)成一種特殊的罪犯處理，盡管他們的
罪行和成年人一樣，但所給的懲罰和成年人不同?，F(xiàn)在該是問一問我們自己的時(shí)候了：
這種做法是否有效？
14 One of the searching
burning
pressing
interesting questions
problems facing
confronting our nation
society
world today is ...
14.1 One of the basic questions facing our society today is: What promise
or threat does new technology hold for our global future? Since the
decisions our society makes about technological development will undoubtedly
have tremendous consequences in the years to come, it is urgently necessary
to explore this question, especially by examining science and technology in
their relationship to the development of humanity.
當(dāng)今社會(huì)面臨的基本問題之一是：新技術(shù)會(huì)給世界的將來帶來什么樣的希望或威脅
？由于我們的社會(huì)所作出的關(guān)于技術(shù)發(fā)展的決定會(huì)毫無疑問對(duì)未來產(chǎn)生巨大影響，因此
探索這個(gè)問題，尤其是通過檢查科學(xué)技術(shù)與人類發(fā)展的關(guān)系來這樣做就變得非常緊迫和
必要了。
14.2 It has become apparent to us that one of the biggest problems
confronting our Chinese education today is the increasing vocationalization
of our colleges and universities. Throughout the country schools are under
economic pressure to become job-training centers and employment agencies.
All courses are geared to cater to the business needs.
很明顯中國的教育現(xiàn)在面臨的大問題之一是高等院校職業(yè)化傾向。在經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的
壓力下，全國許多大學(xué)成了職業(yè)培訓(xùn)中心或就業(yè)市場機(jī)構(gòu)。課程的設(shè)置都一昧迎合市場
的需要。
15 One of the biggest issues
hottest topics
most popular things
most serious problems many people talk
complain about now is...
15.1 One of the most popular topics many city residents talk about now is
the tide of the rural poor flooding the cities. They complain that the
migrants have brought crime and prostitution, that they are putting pressure
on population control and social order; that they are threatening to take
already scarce city jobs and exacerbating housing shortages; and that they
have worsened traffic and sanitation problems. True, these are the problems
posed by the migration, but what about the contribution the rural worker
have made to the city's development and prosperity?
許多市民現(xiàn)在談得多的話題之一是源源不斷涌進(jìn)城市的民工潮。他們抱怨民工把
犯罪和賣*帶來了，給城市人口的控制和社會(huì)秩序帶來了壓力，并威脅著奪走本來已很
緊張的城市工作機(jī)會(huì)，使得城市住房、交通、衛(wèi)生等問題更為突出。是的，這些都是民
工潮帶來的問題，但怎么看待他們對(duì)城市的發(fā)展和繁榮所作出的貢獻(xiàn)呢？
15.2 One of the best qualities that most people admire in others is the
willingness to admit one's mistakes. It is extremely hard sometimes to say a
simple thing like "I was wrong about that", and it is even harder to say, "I
was wrong, and you were right about that".
大多數(shù)人所佩服的別人的好的品質(zhì)之一，是敢于承認(rèn)自己的錯(cuò)誤。有時(shí)人們發(fā)覺
很難開口說這樣簡單的話：“在這一點(diǎn)上是
我錯(cuò)了?！倍f：“我錯(cuò)了，你是對(duì)的?！眲t更難。