2008年成人高考高起點英語同義詞解析五

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注:begin 和 start 有時可以通用,如上面的第二句與第三句。即使可以互換,它們含義的側重點也有所不同。某過程的停止實際上是"結束",這時應當用 end.
    The dream he had had for so many years ended there.
    他做了那么許多年的夢就此結束了。
    How does the story end?
    那個故事是怎么結束的?
    注:end 可用作名詞。
    Here is the end of the railway.
    這里是這條鐵路的終點站。
    In the end we stay at home and look after everything.
    結果我們呆在家里照看一切。
    作為名詞的 end,其反義詞為 beginning.另外,begin 與 start 還有一個常用的同義詞 commence.
    這個詞與 begin 的詞義幾乎沒有差別,只是 commence 為正式用語,而 begin 卻非常普通。法律、宗教活動或戰(zhàn)爭中的大戰(zhàn)役比較莊嚴,在需要表示"開始"時應當用 commence.
    而 commence 的反義詞為 conclude,這兩動詞的相應名詞分別為 commencement 和 conclusion.處于運動中的物體的停止,實際上是"由動到靜",這時應當用 stop.
    He wants you to stop.
    他要你停車。
    Roy stopped his bus and telephoned the police.
    羅依停下了公共汽車,就給警察打了電話。
    注:cease 也有停止的意思。是 stop 的同義詞。cease 適用于狀態(tài)或情況,而 stop 適用于行為或進程。如兩個人吵架,你大聲道"別吵了!"用英語說應為:Stop it! 如何兩個人吵夠了,不再吵了,這時是一種平靜的氣氛,應當用 cease.
    The quarrel has ceased now.
    另外,關于 cease 和 stop 后跟不定式的問題,應當引起注意,因為它們表達了完全不同的含義。
    He stopped to laugh.
    他停下手頭的工作哈哈大笑起來。
    He ceased to laugh.
    和 He stopped laughing. 都是"他停止了哈哈大笑"的意思
    belief faith trust confidence
    都含有"相信"的意思。
    belief 指"承認某事是真的,盡管有或沒有確鑿的證據(jù)",如:
    belief in ghosts.
    相信有鬼。
    faith 指"認為有確鑿證據(jù)或道理而完全相信",如:
    I have faith in his ability to succeed.
    我相信他有成功的能力。
    trust 指"信賴"、"信任",含有"堅定的信念"的意思,如:
    enjoy the trust of the people
    得到人民的信任。
    confidence 指"在有證據(jù)的基礎上相信",也常指"自信"、"有把握",如:
    She has great confidence in her success.
    她對自己的成功充滿信心。
    besides 和except
    都含"除……外"的意思。
    besides指"除……外, 另外還有",著重"另外還有",如:
    I have five other books besides this.
    除這本以外,我還有五本別的書。
    except的含意是"從整體里減去一部分",因為"所說的道理或事實不能適用于那部分",著重于"排除在外", 如:
    We all went there except Xiao Li.
    除了小李以外,我們都到那兒去了。
    boundary border bounds frontier
    都含有"邊界"的意思。
    boundary 指邊界線,主要指領土的邊界,如:
    -ries of a country
    國界。
    border 指"邊界",常指"邊境",即沿兩國邊界的地區(qū),如:
    He waited for her at the border.
    他在邊界等她。
    bounds指"具體的界線",常用復數(shù)形式,主要用于詩文中,如:
    You must keep your hopes within reasonable bounds.
    你必須把你的希望寄予合理的范圍之內。
    frontier 指"就一國講的邊界"如:
    Sweden has frontiers with Norway and Finland.
    瑞典同挪威。芬蘭相鄰。
    borrow 和lend
    都含"借"的意思。
    borrow 指(從主語的角度講)"借進", 表示"從[向]……借……,自己暫時使用",如:
    You can borrow this dictionary from the library.
    你可以從圖書館借到這本字典。
    lend 指"把……借給",表示"將自己的東西暫時借出給別人",如:
    I have lent my bike to Xiao Li.
    我把自行車借給小李了。
    take seize grasp clutch grab snatch
    都含"抓、握、取"的意思。
    take 系常用詞,指"拿、握、取",如:
    take sb.’s hand
    握住某人的手。
    seize 指"突然用力地抓住、握住",如:
    The policeman seized a criminal suspect.
    警察捉住一個嫌疑犯。
    grasp指"緊緊地抓住",用于比喻意義時指"掌握","領會",如:
    grasp a rope
    握緊繩子。
    clutch 指"突然抓住",常伴有"急切或害怕的心情",如:
    A drowning man will clutch at a straw.
    將要溺死的人連一根稻草也要去抓。
    grab指"搶奪"、"攫取",如:
    The boy grabbed the apple and ran off (with it)。
    那孩子搶了那個蘋果就跑了。
    snatch 指"突然快速地拿、取、奪、搶走",如:
    The hawk snatched the chicken and flew away.
    老鷹叼了小雞就飛走了。
    break away
    逃走;逃脫
    The robbery suspect broke away from the lockup.
    搶劫嫌疑犯從拘留所逃脫了。
    Modern music like jazz has broken away from the old traditional rules. (喻)
    現(xiàn)代音樂如爵士樂擺脫了舊的傳統(tǒng)規(guī)則。
    斷裂;開裂
    A large piece of ice broke away from the main block.
    一大塊冰從整個大冰塊上斷裂開來。
    break down
    破壞;拆散
    The Congressmen of the Republican tried to break down the opposition from their opponents to their proposal. (喻)
    共和黨的議員們試圖使他們的反對派不再反對他們的提案。
    Chemicals in the body break our food down into useful substances.
    人體中的化學元素把食物分解成有用的物質。
    break down old conventions
    打破舊框框
    The robbers broke the door down.
    強盜們把門砸開了。
    The peace talks are said to have broken down. (喻)
    據(jù)說和談破裂了。
    制服;被制服
    (機器)損壞
    Our truck broke down outside town.
    我們的卡車在城外拋錨了。
    The car broke down halfway to the destination.
    汽車在到達目的地的中途拋錨了。
    The car broke down halfway to the camp.
    車子在去營地的半路上拋錨了。
    The 8 o’clock train broke down at Ferngreen station and was taken off the line.’
    8點鐘的那趟車因在芬格林車站出了故障而被取消了。
    失敗;破裂
    Their opposition broke down.
    他們的反對意見打消了。
    精神崩潰;失去控制
    He broke down and wept.
    他不禁失聲痛哭。
    起化學變化
    Food is broken down by chemicals.
    化學物質引起食物轉化。
    細分;分類
    break even
    不賺不賠;收支平衡
    break in
    闖入;強行進入
    The burglar broke in and stole my money.
    夜竊賊破門而入,偷了我的錢。
    打斷;插嘴
    It’s her usual habit to break in with some ideas of her own.
    他常常打斷別人的話來發(fā)表自己的觀點。
    Don’t break in when the adventurer is telling his own story.
    冒險家講他自己的經歷時,別打斷他。
    Children shouldn’t break in on adults’ conversation.
    小孩子不要打斷大人們的談話。
    The telephone ring broke in on/upon my thoughts.
    電話鈴聲打斷了我的思路。
    訓練;馴養(yǎng);使(某人)熟悉工作
    The engineering doctor from abroad only broke in with us last month.
    從國外回來的工程博士是上個月才開始和我們一道工作的。
    break into
    闖入
    The thieves broke into the office and stole some money.
    小偷闖入辦公室,偷了一些錢。
    The bandits broke into the jewelry and stole near all the valuable necklaces.
    土匪們闖進了珠寶店盜走了幾乎所有值錢的項鏈。
    打斷;插話
    突然…起來
    to break into song
    突然唱起歌來
    The crowd broke into cheers and the drunk bowed.
    觀眾們爆發(fā)出一陣歡呼,醉漢鞠了一躬。
    The car windows broke into pieces when the two cars crashed into each other.
    兩輛車相撞時車上的窗玻璃破裂成碎片。
    The new waitress dropped the dish on the floor,and it broke into fragments.
    新來的女服務員把菜盤子掉在地上,摔成了碎片。
    勉強動用
    to break into one’s savings
    勉強動用存款
    break of
    除去(某人的)習性
    They broke him of his addiction.
    他們除去他吸毒的癮。
    Doctors keep trying to break him of smoking the drug.
    醫(yī)生多次設法使他戒毒。
    break out
    逃脫;逃出
    to break out of prison
    越獄而逃
    突然發(fā)生
    Fire broke out in the kitchen.
    廚房突然發(fā)生了火災。
    It was almost midnight that a fire broke out in the neighbourhood.
    昨天快半夜了這兒附近發(fā)生了火災。
    World War II broke out in 1939.
    第二次世界大戰(zhàn)是1939年爆發(fā)的。
    His back broke out in spots.
    他背上出現(xiàn)了許多斑點。
    She broke out in curses in her dream.
    她在夢中大聲咒罵起來。
    The fire broke out in the basement.
    地下室著了火。
    Hostilities have broken out between the two countries.
    兩國之間爆發(fā)了戰(zhàn)爭。
    break through
    突破
    After the storm the sun broke through the clouds.
    風暴過后太陽沖破了云層。
    At last,those physicians and specialists broke through in their fight against heart disease.
    那些內科醫(yī)生和專家們終于在同心臟病的斗爭中取得了突破。
    The guerrillas soon broke through.
    游擊隊很快就突圍了。
    break up
    分裂
    結束;解散
    The crowd started to break up when the night fell.
    天快黑時人群開始散開了。
    The ice will break up when the warm weather comes.
    天氣轉暖,冰層就會破裂。
    Their marriage broke up.
    他們的婚姻破裂了。
    The police broke up the fighting crowd.
    警察驅散了打架的人群。
    He may break up under all this pressure.
    在這么大的壓力下他可能會崩潰。
    Break it up!
    別打啦!