一、真題文章（2005年）
It is not easy to talk about the role of the mass media in this overwhelmingly significant phase in European history. History and news become confused， and one's impressions tend to be a mixture of skepticism and optimism. Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed-and perhaps never before has it served to much to connect different peoples and nations as is the recent events in Europe .The Europe that is now forming cannot be anything other than its peoples， their cultures and national identities. With this in mind we can begin to analyze the European television scene. In Europe， as elsewhere multi-media groups have been increasingly successful groups which bring together television， radio newspapers， magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another. One Italian example would be the Berlusconi group while abroad Maxwell and Murdoch come to mind.
Clearly， only the biggest and most flexible television companies are going to be able to compete in such a rich and hotly-contested market. This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks no less than 50% took a loss in 1989.
Moreover， the integration of the European community will oblige television companies to cooperate more closely in terms of both production and distribution.
Creating a "European identity" that respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice - that of producing programs in Europe for Europe. This entails reducing our dependence on the North American market， whose programs relate to experiences and cultural traditions which are different from our own.
In order to achieve these objectives， we must concentrate more on co-productions， the exchange of news， documentary services and training. This also involves the agreements between European countries for the creation of a European bank will handle the finances necessary for production costs. In dealing with a challenge on such a scale， it is no exaggeration to say "Unity we stand， divided we fall" -and if I had to choose a slogan it would be "Unity in our diversity." A unity of objectives that nonetheless respect the varied peculiarities of each country.
二、譯文
在歐洲歷這個絕對重要的時期討論大眾媒體的作用并不是很容易的事情。歷史和新聞的界線變混淆了，人們對于大眾媒體的印象往往是一種懷疑和樂觀情緒的結(jié)合。電視是制造和表達(dá)這些情緒的方式之一，在加強(qiáng)不同民族和國家之間的聯(lián)系方面，電視也許還從來沒有像在近來的歐洲事務(wù)中那樣發(fā)揮過如此大的作用?，F(xiàn)在正在形成的歐洲除了其人民、文化及對國家的認(rèn)同感外別無他物。只有考慮到這些，我們才可以著手分析歐洲的電視狀況。像在其他地方一樣，歐洲的多媒體集團(tuán)日益成功，這些集團(tuán)把相互關(guān)系密切的電視臺、電臺、報紙、雜志及出版社組合到了一起。意大利的一個例子是Berlusconi集團(tuán)，而我們所知的外國集團(tuán)有 Maxwell 和Murdoch.
顯然，在這樣一個異常擁擠的市場只有大靈活的公司才能夠競爭。僅這一點(diǎn)就表明在電視行業(yè)里生存不那麼容易，這個事實(shí)通過統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字也是一目了然：在80家歐洲電視網(wǎng)中，1989年出現(xiàn)虧損的不下50% .
而且整個歐洲社會的整合要求電視公司在制作和播放方面加強(qiáng)合作。
創(chuàng)造"歐洲特色"（即一個尊重不同文化和傳統(tǒng)，而這些文化和傳統(tǒng)又可以構(gòu)成舊大洲的聯(lián)系網(wǎng)絡(luò)的統(tǒng)一體）不是一項(xiàng)容易的任務(wù)，需要策略性的選擇——選擇在歐洲為歐洲制作節(jié)目。這就意味著要減少對北美市場的依賴，該市場的節(jié)目里包含了不同于我們的經(jīng)歷和文化傳統(tǒng)。
要達(dá)到這些目標(biāo)，我們必須更加注意共同制作，信息的交換，文件服務(wù)和培訓(xùn)。這還涉及歐洲國家之間在為電視制作方面成立歐洲銀行的協(xié)議，這個銀行在歐洲投資銀行的模式下，將處理電視制作方面的經(jīng)費(fèi)問題。在應(yīng)付一個如此規(guī)模的挑戰(zhàn)過程中，我們可以毫不夸張地說，"團(tuán)結(jié)，我們就會站起來；分裂，我們就會倒下去。" 如果非要讓我們選擇一個標(biāo)語的話，那就是"多樣性的統(tǒng)一".尊重各國各種奇異風(fēng)俗的統(tǒng)一。
三、考研核心詞匯
phase / feiz / n. 1階段， 狀態(tài)2相， 相位 v. 定相
[例] pass through three phases 經(jīng)歷三個階段
[同義] aspect， stage， state
flexible / 5fleksEbl / adj. 柔韌性， 易曲的， 靈活的， 柔軟的， 能變形的， 可通融的
[例] We can visit your company on Monday or Tuesday； our plans are fairly flexible.
"我們可以在星期一或星期二到你們公司來，我們的計(jì)劃是相當(dāng)靈活的。"
[同義]variable， adjustable
[反義] inflexible / in5fleksEbl / adj. 不屈的， 不屈撓的， 頑固的
[派生] flexibility / 7fleksE5biliti / n. 彈性， 適應(yīng)性， 機(jī)動性， 撓性
demonstrate / 5demEnstreit / vt. 1示范2證明， 論證 vi. *
[例] He demonstrated how to use the new machine.他演示怎樣使用這臺新機(jī)器。
[同義] clarify， display， illustrate ，show
[派生] demonstration / 7demEns5treiFEn / n. 示范， 實(shí)證
survive / sE5vaiv / v. 幸免于， 幸存， 生還
[例] Few survived after the flood. 洪水過后，生還者極少。
[同義] continue， outlast， outlive， remain
[派生] survival / sE5vaivEl / n. 1生存， 幸存， 殘存2 幸存者， 殘存物
underline / 7QndE5lain / vt. 1在……下面劃線2作……的襯里3強(qiáng)調(diào)
n. 下劃線
[例] Words with single underline are to be set in italics.
字下面有一條底線的字排斜體。
[派生] underling / 5QndEliN / n. 部下， 下僚， 下屬， 走卒
fabric / 5fAbrik / n. 1織品， 織物， 布2結(jié)構(gòu)， 建筑物， 構(gòu)造
[例] She bought some fabric to make shirts from.她買了做襯衫的布。
[同義] cloth ，goods， material， textile
[派生] fabricable / `fAbrIkEbl / adj. 能加工成形的
entail / in5teil / vt. 1使必需；使蒙受， 使承擔(dān)2遺傳給 n. [建]限定繼承權(quán)
[例] Writing a history book entails a lot of work.
寫一本歷史書需要下很大功夫。
[同義]require， demand ，call for
[派生] entailment / in5teilmEnt / n. [律]（不動產(chǎn)）繼承人之限制
[固定搭配] entail …… on sb. 使某人負(fù)擔(dān)……； 把……遺留給某人；entail …… upon sb.
使某人負(fù)擔(dān)……；把……遺留給某人
handle / 5hAndl / n. 1柄， 把手， 把柄2口實(shí)3手感vt. 1觸摸2運(yùn)用3買賣4處理， 操作 vi. 1搬運(yùn)2易于操縱 n. [計(jì)]句柄
[例] She handled a difficult argument skillfully.
她巧妙地應(yīng)付了一場艱難的辯論。
[同義] carry on， deal in， direct， feel， finger， govern， manage ，manipulate， regulate
[派生] handler / 5hAndlE / n. 處理者， 管理者， 訓(xùn)練者， （尤指拳擊）教練（或助手）， （犬馬等的）訓(xùn)練者
scale / skeil / n. 1刻度，衡量2比例，數(shù)值范圍，比例3天平，等級 vt. 依比例決定，攀登，測量 vi. 1剝落2生水垢3攀登3衡量
[例] This ruler has one scale in centimeters and another in inches.
這把尺子上有厘米和英寸二種刻度。
[同義]degree， graduation， proportion ， ratio， layer， plate
四、強(qiáng)化練習(xí)
1. He noted， however， that China will face many problems during the country's next ________ of development， such as the growing gap between urban and rural China， the inefficient use of energy， and the acute pollution problem in some Chinese cities.
A. phrase B. graph C. phase D. pamphlet
2. The provision of _______ pathways for study is also an important feature - for example students are not streamed or channeled through particular types of school from which future study options are determined.
A. flexible B. turning C. ultimate D. unanimous
3. The professionals in these fields serve a probationary period（試用期） and ________ competence to attain a certain level of freedom in their fields.
A. render B. demonstrate C. renew D. halt
4. And the remaining colonists decided to celebrate with a feast —— including 91 Indians who had helped the Pilgrims_______ their first year.
A. grope B. fling C. survive D. consist
5. Important source of financing for start-up companies or others embarking on new or turnaround ventures that ________ some investment risk， but offer the potential for above-average future profits.
A. constrain B. calculate C. rebel D. entail
答案： CABCD
It is not easy to talk about the role of the mass media in this overwhelmingly significant phase in European history. History and news become confused， and one's impressions tend to be a mixture of skepticism and optimism. Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed-and perhaps never before has it served to much to connect different peoples and nations as is the recent events in Europe .The Europe that is now forming cannot be anything other than its peoples， their cultures and national identities. With this in mind we can begin to analyze the European television scene. In Europe， as elsewhere multi-media groups have been increasingly successful groups which bring together television， radio newspapers， magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another. One Italian example would be the Berlusconi group while abroad Maxwell and Murdoch come to mind.
Clearly， only the biggest and most flexible television companies are going to be able to compete in such a rich and hotly-contested market. This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks no less than 50% took a loss in 1989.
Moreover， the integration of the European community will oblige television companies to cooperate more closely in terms of both production and distribution.
Creating a "European identity" that respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice - that of producing programs in Europe for Europe. This entails reducing our dependence on the North American market， whose programs relate to experiences and cultural traditions which are different from our own.
In order to achieve these objectives， we must concentrate more on co-productions， the exchange of news， documentary services and training. This also involves the agreements between European countries for the creation of a European bank will handle the finances necessary for production costs. In dealing with a challenge on such a scale， it is no exaggeration to say "Unity we stand， divided we fall" -and if I had to choose a slogan it would be "Unity in our diversity." A unity of objectives that nonetheless respect the varied peculiarities of each country.
二、譯文
在歐洲歷這個絕對重要的時期討論大眾媒體的作用并不是很容易的事情。歷史和新聞的界線變混淆了，人們對于大眾媒體的印象往往是一種懷疑和樂觀情緒的結(jié)合。電視是制造和表達(dá)這些情緒的方式之一，在加強(qiáng)不同民族和國家之間的聯(lián)系方面，電視也許還從來沒有像在近來的歐洲事務(wù)中那樣發(fā)揮過如此大的作用?，F(xiàn)在正在形成的歐洲除了其人民、文化及對國家的認(rèn)同感外別無他物。只有考慮到這些，我們才可以著手分析歐洲的電視狀況。像在其他地方一樣，歐洲的多媒體集團(tuán)日益成功，這些集團(tuán)把相互關(guān)系密切的電視臺、電臺、報紙、雜志及出版社組合到了一起。意大利的一個例子是Berlusconi集團(tuán)，而我們所知的外國集團(tuán)有 Maxwell 和Murdoch.
顯然，在這樣一個異常擁擠的市場只有大靈活的公司才能夠競爭。僅這一點(diǎn)就表明在電視行業(yè)里生存不那麼容易，這個事實(shí)通過統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字也是一目了然：在80家歐洲電視網(wǎng)中，1989年出現(xiàn)虧損的不下50% .
而且整個歐洲社會的整合要求電視公司在制作和播放方面加強(qiáng)合作。
創(chuàng)造"歐洲特色"（即一個尊重不同文化和傳統(tǒng)，而這些文化和傳統(tǒng)又可以構(gòu)成舊大洲的聯(lián)系網(wǎng)絡(luò)的統(tǒng)一體）不是一項(xiàng)容易的任務(wù)，需要策略性的選擇——選擇在歐洲為歐洲制作節(jié)目。這就意味著要減少對北美市場的依賴，該市場的節(jié)目里包含了不同于我們的經(jīng)歷和文化傳統(tǒng)。
要達(dá)到這些目標(biāo)，我們必須更加注意共同制作，信息的交換，文件服務(wù)和培訓(xùn)。這還涉及歐洲國家之間在為電視制作方面成立歐洲銀行的協(xié)議，這個銀行在歐洲投資銀行的模式下，將處理電視制作方面的經(jīng)費(fèi)問題。在應(yīng)付一個如此規(guī)模的挑戰(zhàn)過程中，我們可以毫不夸張地說，"團(tuán)結(jié)，我們就會站起來；分裂，我們就會倒下去。" 如果非要讓我們選擇一個標(biāo)語的話，那就是"多樣性的統(tǒng)一".尊重各國各種奇異風(fēng)俗的統(tǒng)一。
三、考研核心詞匯
phase / feiz / n. 1階段， 狀態(tài)2相， 相位 v. 定相
[例] pass through three phases 經(jīng)歷三個階段
[同義] aspect， stage， state
flexible / 5fleksEbl / adj. 柔韌性， 易曲的， 靈活的， 柔軟的， 能變形的， 可通融的
[例] We can visit your company on Monday or Tuesday； our plans are fairly flexible.
"我們可以在星期一或星期二到你們公司來，我們的計(jì)劃是相當(dāng)靈活的。"
[同義]variable， adjustable
[反義] inflexible / in5fleksEbl / adj. 不屈的， 不屈撓的， 頑固的
[派生] flexibility / 7fleksE5biliti / n. 彈性， 適應(yīng)性， 機(jī)動性， 撓性
demonstrate / 5demEnstreit / vt. 1示范2證明， 論證 vi. *
[例] He demonstrated how to use the new machine.他演示怎樣使用這臺新機(jī)器。
[同義] clarify， display， illustrate ，show
[派生] demonstration / 7demEns5treiFEn / n. 示范， 實(shí)證
survive / sE5vaiv / v. 幸免于， 幸存， 生還
[例] Few survived after the flood. 洪水過后，生還者極少。
[同義] continue， outlast， outlive， remain
[派生] survival / sE5vaivEl / n. 1生存， 幸存， 殘存2 幸存者， 殘存物
underline / 7QndE5lain / vt. 1在……下面劃線2作……的襯里3強(qiáng)調(diào)
n. 下劃線
[例] Words with single underline are to be set in italics.
字下面有一條底線的字排斜體。
[派生] underling / 5QndEliN / n. 部下， 下僚， 下屬， 走卒
fabric / 5fAbrik / n. 1織品， 織物， 布2結(jié)構(gòu)， 建筑物， 構(gòu)造
[例] She bought some fabric to make shirts from.她買了做襯衫的布。
[同義] cloth ，goods， material， textile
[派生] fabricable / `fAbrIkEbl / adj. 能加工成形的
entail / in5teil / vt. 1使必需；使蒙受， 使承擔(dān)2遺傳給 n. [建]限定繼承權(quán)
[例] Writing a history book entails a lot of work.
寫一本歷史書需要下很大功夫。
[同義]require， demand ，call for
[派生] entailment / in5teilmEnt / n. [律]（不動產(chǎn)）繼承人之限制
[固定搭配] entail …… on sb. 使某人負(fù)擔(dān)……； 把……遺留給某人；entail …… upon sb.
使某人負(fù)擔(dān)……；把……遺留給某人
handle / 5hAndl / n. 1柄， 把手， 把柄2口實(shí)3手感vt. 1觸摸2運(yùn)用3買賣4處理， 操作 vi. 1搬運(yùn)2易于操縱 n. [計(jì)]句柄
[例] She handled a difficult argument skillfully.
她巧妙地應(yīng)付了一場艱難的辯論。
[同義] carry on， deal in， direct， feel， finger， govern， manage ，manipulate， regulate
[派生] handler / 5hAndlE / n. 處理者， 管理者， 訓(xùn)練者， （尤指拳擊）教練（或助手）， （犬馬等的）訓(xùn)練者
scale / skeil / n. 1刻度，衡量2比例，數(shù)值范圍，比例3天平，等級 vt. 依比例決定，攀登，測量 vi. 1剝落2生水垢3攀登3衡量
[例] This ruler has one scale in centimeters and another in inches.
這把尺子上有厘米和英寸二種刻度。
[同義]degree， graduation， proportion ， ratio， layer， plate
四、強(qiáng)化練習(xí)
1. He noted， however， that China will face many problems during the country's next ________ of development， such as the growing gap between urban and rural China， the inefficient use of energy， and the acute pollution problem in some Chinese cities.
A. phrase B. graph C. phase D. pamphlet
2. The provision of _______ pathways for study is also an important feature - for example students are not streamed or channeled through particular types of school from which future study options are determined.
A. flexible B. turning C. ultimate D. unanimous
3. The professionals in these fields serve a probationary period（試用期） and ________ competence to attain a certain level of freedom in their fields.
A. render B. demonstrate C. renew D. halt
4. And the remaining colonists decided to celebrate with a feast —— including 91 Indians who had helped the Pilgrims_______ their first year.
A. grope B. fling C. survive D. consist
5. Important source of financing for start-up companies or others embarking on new or turnaround ventures that ________ some investment risk， but offer the potential for above-average future profits.
A. constrain B. calculate C. rebel D. entail
答案： CABCD