「芝麻開門」
句子是文章的基本單位。成功的作品是由清晰而合乎語法規(guī)則的句子組成的。然而一個好的句子除了能夠準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)作者的意思，還需要簡潔生動，這是在考試中獲得高分的法寶。
一、句子要簡潔
寫作要求精練，因為，簡潔的表達(dá)能起到更加強調(diào)的作用。我們要寫出效果好、影響大的文章，就要想方設(shè)法1）避免使用空洞、多余的短語；2）避免過多地使用較長的句子結(jié)構(gòu)，如并列句和從屬句等；3）避免不必要的重復(fù)。請看下面各例：
1）Owing to the fact that I had a lot of work to do， it wasnt possible for me to accept their invitation.
本句要表達(dá)的意思很簡單，可是一堆空洞的短語使句子顯得很累贅，改為下面的句子就簡潔明了多了。
I was too busy to accept their invitation.
2） He is a man who is honest， who always pays his just debts， and who observes the golden rules in his dealings with others.
英語中比較重要的從屬概念可用從句的形式表達(dá)，其它次要的概念常用詞或短語來表達(dá)，因為句子比短語顯得更重要。過多地使用從句會把次要的與主要的概念混為一談，削弱句子的重點。該句可改為：
He is an honest man who always pays his just debts， and who observes the golden rules in his dealings with others.
3） My hometown is a quiet， peaceful place. It is quiet and peaceful because of the small number of people living there.
有時為了構(gòu)成平行的句子結(jié)構(gòu)或達(dá)到強調(diào)的目的，我們會重復(fù)使用某些詞語。但是，無目的地重復(fù)會導(dǎo)致笨拙。所以本句可改為：
My hometown is a quiet， peaceful place because of the small number of people.
二、語言要生動
寫作時要吸引讀者的興趣，句子就需生動、充滿活力。平淡無味的句子會使人生厭，注意力分散。但要寫出生動的句子就必須注意做到：
1.交錯使用長短句
長句和短句各有各的特點，各有各的用場。長句結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜、容量大，能表達(dá)比較復(fù)雜的內(nèi)容，敘事具體、說理嚴(yán)密。短句結(jié)構(gòu)簡單、短小精悍、明白易懂。在寫作中應(yīng)當(dāng)交錯使用長句和短句，使句子的長短多樣化，增加語言的表現(xiàn)力。請看下面的一段話：
I returned to my room. There was a note under my door. It was from Bob. He said he was in the town looking for a job. He hadnt found anything yet. He added that he was sorry to have missed me.
這里出現(xiàn)的是一連串的短句，讀起來使人感到單調(diào)乏味，而且各句之間所固有的邏輯關(guān)系沒能用句法手段表達(dá)出來。為了使文字更為生動，意義更加明確，可做如下改動：
When I returned to my room， I found a note from Bob under the door. He said he was in the town looking for a job， but hadnt found anything yet. He added that he was sorry to have missed me.
2.靈活使用多樣句式
要達(dá)到語言的生動性，寫作時就要經(jīng)常地變換句型和句子結(jié)構(gòu)及表達(dá)思想的方式。切忌所有的句子都用相同的句型或句子結(jié)構(gòu)，使文章讀起來單調(diào)乏味。
在考慮英語句式的變化時， 我們一般從以下幾個方面入手：
（1） 既可以用主動式也可以用被動式， 例如：
例1：Today， we use machines not only in industry but in other sectors of national economy as well.
Today machines are widely used not only in industry but in other sectors of national economy as well.
例2：Some people believe that it will be possible for automatic machines to replace completely in the future.
It is believed by some people that it will be possible for automatic machines to replace completely in the future.
（2） 既可以用肯定式也可以用否定式， 例如：
例1： I shall go there unless it rains.
I shall go there if it doesnt rain.
例2：Their daily lives dont provide them with the exercise needed to keep them healthy.
Their daily lives fail to provide them with the exercise needed to keep them healthy.
（3） 某些修飾成分既可以用在句子前面也可以用在后面， 還可以用在中間， 例如：
例1：With a car， people can get around freely.
People can get around freely with a car.
例2：In fact， speaking is one of the most important means of communication.
Speaking is in fact one of the most important means of communication.
（4） 既可以是正常語序也可以是倒裝語序， 例如：
例1：A new type of TV sets was among the products on display.
Among the products on display was a new type of TV sets.
例1：We did not realize the problem of energy crisis until the end of last century.
Not until the end of last century did we realize the problem of energy crisis.
（5） 既可以用簡單句也可以用并列句或者主從復(fù)合句， 例如：
例1：Nowadays a lot of people work in office， spending most of their time indoors.
Nowadays a lot of people work in office and they spend most of their time indoors.
例2：There are many means of getting information and they enable us to keep up with what is going on in the world.
There are many means of getting information which enable us to keep up with what is going on in the world.
例3：Doonesbury cartoons satirize contemporary politics. The victims of political corruption pay no attention. They prefer to demand that newspapers not carry the strip.
Doonesbury cartoons laugh at contemporary politics， but the victims of political corruption pay no attention and prefer to demand that newspapers not carry the strip.
例4：The campus parking problem is getting worse. The university is not building any new garages.
The campus parking problem is getting worse because the university is not building any new garages.
3.善用形象化語言
適當(dāng)?shù)厥褂靡恍┬揶o手法如比喻、夸張、排比、擬人等能更形象、更深刻地說明事理，增加文章的活力。例如：
In the morning the dust hung like fog， and the sun was as red as ripe new blood. （明喻）
His daughter is the apple of his eyes. （暗喻）
An idea spoke within him， racing through his mind. （擬人）
His voice was loud enough to wake the dead. （夸張）
Many of us allow our children to eat junk， watch junk， listen to junk， talk junk， play with junk， and then we are surprised when they turn out to be social junkies. （排比）
4.恰當(dāng)使用英語習(xí)語
寫作時適當(dāng)?shù)厥褂昧?xí)語、成語等也是使語言生動活潑的好辦法。如：
Once a man is dead， there is no helping； you cant rekindle the spark of life in him.
本句中的there is no helping是漢語式的英語，不符合英語的習(xí)慣說法。這里雖然用了比喻，但更改了原來的主語，句子顯得羅嗦、笨拙。如果改成下面的習(xí)慣表達(dá)，句子變得既簡潔又生動。
Once a man is dead， he cant be brought back to life.
再如The committee refused to listen to our request. 如果被改成The committee turned a deaf ear to our request. 句子生動，增加了文采。
〖活動教室〗請修改下面的短文增加句式的多樣化以便使其生動、流暢。
We are terrified of death. We do not think of it， and we dont speak of life. We dont mourn in public. We dont know how to console a grieving friend. In fact， we have eliminated or suppressed all the traditional rituals surrounding death.
The Victorians coped with death differently. Their funerals were elaborate. The yards of black crepe around the hearse， hired professional mourners， and its solemn procession to an ornate tomb is now a distant memory. They wore mourning jewelry. They had a complicated dress code for the grieving process. The rituals severed a psychological purpose in helping the living deal with loss.
「友情提示」
句式多樣化是英語作文取得高分的靈丹妙藥，請你一定要勤學(xué)苦練，掌握這一招。另外，在使用一些修辭方法和英語習(xí)語的時候，要注意盡量避免老套的比喻或盡人皆知的習(xí)語。
美文賞析
How to Succeed in a Job Interview
To be successful in a job interview， you should demonstrate certain personal and professional qualities. You need to create a good image in the limited time available， usually from 30 to 45 minutes. You must make a positive impression which the interviewer will remember while he interviews other candidates. The following are some qualities you should especially pay attention to during an interview.
First or all， you should take care to appear to be properly dressed. The right clothes worn at the right time can win respect of the interviewer and his confidence in your judgment. It may not be true that clothes make the man， but the first and often last impression of you is determined by the clothes you wear.
Secondly， you should pay close attention to you manner of speaking， since speech is a reflection of personality. You should reflect confidence by speaking in a clear voice， loud enough to be heard， without being aggressive or overpowering. You should be prepared to talk knowledgeably about the requirements of the position you are applying for， to be really impressive you must convey a sense of selfconfidence and enthusiasm for work.
If you display these characteristics， with just a little luck， youll certainly succeed in the typical personnel interview.
這是一篇有關(guān)“應(yīng)聘面試”的說明性文章，全文語言樸實生動，用詞變換多樣，即用不同的表達(dá)方式來表達(dá)同樣的意思，譬如，“demonstrate”“display”“take care to”“pay close attention to”。
句子是文章的基本單位。成功的作品是由清晰而合乎語法規(guī)則的句子組成的。然而一個好的句子除了能夠準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)作者的意思，還需要簡潔生動，這是在考試中獲得高分的法寶。
一、句子要簡潔
寫作要求精練，因為，簡潔的表達(dá)能起到更加強調(diào)的作用。我們要寫出效果好、影響大的文章，就要想方設(shè)法1）避免使用空洞、多余的短語；2）避免過多地使用較長的句子結(jié)構(gòu)，如并列句和從屬句等；3）避免不必要的重復(fù)。請看下面各例：
1）Owing to the fact that I had a lot of work to do， it wasnt possible for me to accept their invitation.
本句要表達(dá)的意思很簡單，可是一堆空洞的短語使句子顯得很累贅，改為下面的句子就簡潔明了多了。
I was too busy to accept their invitation.
2） He is a man who is honest， who always pays his just debts， and who observes the golden rules in his dealings with others.
英語中比較重要的從屬概念可用從句的形式表達(dá)，其它次要的概念常用詞或短語來表達(dá)，因為句子比短語顯得更重要。過多地使用從句會把次要的與主要的概念混為一談，削弱句子的重點。該句可改為：
He is an honest man who always pays his just debts， and who observes the golden rules in his dealings with others.
3） My hometown is a quiet， peaceful place. It is quiet and peaceful because of the small number of people living there.
有時為了構(gòu)成平行的句子結(jié)構(gòu)或達(dá)到強調(diào)的目的，我們會重復(fù)使用某些詞語。但是，無目的地重復(fù)會導(dǎo)致笨拙。所以本句可改為：
My hometown is a quiet， peaceful place because of the small number of people.
二、語言要生動
寫作時要吸引讀者的興趣，句子就需生動、充滿活力。平淡無味的句子會使人生厭，注意力分散。但要寫出生動的句子就必須注意做到：
1.交錯使用長短句
長句和短句各有各的特點，各有各的用場。長句結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜、容量大，能表達(dá)比較復(fù)雜的內(nèi)容，敘事具體、說理嚴(yán)密。短句結(jié)構(gòu)簡單、短小精悍、明白易懂。在寫作中應(yīng)當(dāng)交錯使用長句和短句，使句子的長短多樣化，增加語言的表現(xiàn)力。請看下面的一段話：
I returned to my room. There was a note under my door. It was from Bob. He said he was in the town looking for a job. He hadnt found anything yet. He added that he was sorry to have missed me.
這里出現(xiàn)的是一連串的短句，讀起來使人感到單調(diào)乏味，而且各句之間所固有的邏輯關(guān)系沒能用句法手段表達(dá)出來。為了使文字更為生動，意義更加明確，可做如下改動：
When I returned to my room， I found a note from Bob under the door. He said he was in the town looking for a job， but hadnt found anything yet. He added that he was sorry to have missed me.
2.靈活使用多樣句式
要達(dá)到語言的生動性，寫作時就要經(jīng)常地變換句型和句子結(jié)構(gòu)及表達(dá)思想的方式。切忌所有的句子都用相同的句型或句子結(jié)構(gòu)，使文章讀起來單調(diào)乏味。
在考慮英語句式的變化時， 我們一般從以下幾個方面入手：
（1） 既可以用主動式也可以用被動式， 例如：
例1：Today， we use machines not only in industry but in other sectors of national economy as well.
Today machines are widely used not only in industry but in other sectors of national economy as well.
例2：Some people believe that it will be possible for automatic machines to replace completely in the future.
It is believed by some people that it will be possible for automatic machines to replace completely in the future.
（2） 既可以用肯定式也可以用否定式， 例如：
例1： I shall go there unless it rains.
I shall go there if it doesnt rain.
例2：Their daily lives dont provide them with the exercise needed to keep them healthy.
Their daily lives fail to provide them with the exercise needed to keep them healthy.
（3） 某些修飾成分既可以用在句子前面也可以用在后面， 還可以用在中間， 例如：
例1：With a car， people can get around freely.
People can get around freely with a car.
例2：In fact， speaking is one of the most important means of communication.
Speaking is in fact one of the most important means of communication.
（4） 既可以是正常語序也可以是倒裝語序， 例如：
例1：A new type of TV sets was among the products on display.
Among the products on display was a new type of TV sets.
例1：We did not realize the problem of energy crisis until the end of last century.
Not until the end of last century did we realize the problem of energy crisis.
（5） 既可以用簡單句也可以用并列句或者主從復(fù)合句， 例如：
例1：Nowadays a lot of people work in office， spending most of their time indoors.
Nowadays a lot of people work in office and they spend most of their time indoors.
例2：There are many means of getting information and they enable us to keep up with what is going on in the world.
There are many means of getting information which enable us to keep up with what is going on in the world.
例3：Doonesbury cartoons satirize contemporary politics. The victims of political corruption pay no attention. They prefer to demand that newspapers not carry the strip.
Doonesbury cartoons laugh at contemporary politics， but the victims of political corruption pay no attention and prefer to demand that newspapers not carry the strip.
例4：The campus parking problem is getting worse. The university is not building any new garages.
The campus parking problem is getting worse because the university is not building any new garages.
3.善用形象化語言
適當(dāng)?shù)厥褂靡恍┬揶o手法如比喻、夸張、排比、擬人等能更形象、更深刻地說明事理，增加文章的活力。例如：
In the morning the dust hung like fog， and the sun was as red as ripe new blood. （明喻）
His daughter is the apple of his eyes. （暗喻）
An idea spoke within him， racing through his mind. （擬人）
His voice was loud enough to wake the dead. （夸張）
Many of us allow our children to eat junk， watch junk， listen to junk， talk junk， play with junk， and then we are surprised when they turn out to be social junkies. （排比）
4.恰當(dāng)使用英語習(xí)語
寫作時適當(dāng)?shù)厥褂昧?xí)語、成語等也是使語言生動活潑的好辦法。如：
Once a man is dead， there is no helping； you cant rekindle the spark of life in him.
本句中的there is no helping是漢語式的英語，不符合英語的習(xí)慣說法。這里雖然用了比喻，但更改了原來的主語，句子顯得羅嗦、笨拙。如果改成下面的習(xí)慣表達(dá)，句子變得既簡潔又生動。
Once a man is dead， he cant be brought back to life.
再如The committee refused to listen to our request. 如果被改成The committee turned a deaf ear to our request. 句子生動，增加了文采。
〖活動教室〗請修改下面的短文增加句式的多樣化以便使其生動、流暢。
We are terrified of death. We do not think of it， and we dont speak of life. We dont mourn in public. We dont know how to console a grieving friend. In fact， we have eliminated or suppressed all the traditional rituals surrounding death.
The Victorians coped with death differently. Their funerals were elaborate. The yards of black crepe around the hearse， hired professional mourners， and its solemn procession to an ornate tomb is now a distant memory. They wore mourning jewelry. They had a complicated dress code for the grieving process. The rituals severed a psychological purpose in helping the living deal with loss.
「友情提示」
句式多樣化是英語作文取得高分的靈丹妙藥，請你一定要勤學(xué)苦練，掌握這一招。另外，在使用一些修辭方法和英語習(xí)語的時候，要注意盡量避免老套的比喻或盡人皆知的習(xí)語。
美文賞析
How to Succeed in a Job Interview
To be successful in a job interview， you should demonstrate certain personal and professional qualities. You need to create a good image in the limited time available， usually from 30 to 45 minutes. You must make a positive impression which the interviewer will remember while he interviews other candidates. The following are some qualities you should especially pay attention to during an interview.
First or all， you should take care to appear to be properly dressed. The right clothes worn at the right time can win respect of the interviewer and his confidence in your judgment. It may not be true that clothes make the man， but the first and often last impression of you is determined by the clothes you wear.
Secondly， you should pay close attention to you manner of speaking， since speech is a reflection of personality. You should reflect confidence by speaking in a clear voice， loud enough to be heard， without being aggressive or overpowering. You should be prepared to talk knowledgeably about the requirements of the position you are applying for， to be really impressive you must convey a sense of selfconfidence and enthusiasm for work.
If you display these characteristics， with just a little luck， youll certainly succeed in the typical personnel interview.
這是一篇有關(guān)“應(yīng)聘面試”的說明性文章，全文語言樸實生動，用詞變換多樣，即用不同的表達(dá)方式來表達(dá)同樣的意思，譬如，“demonstrate”“display”“take care to”“pay close attention to”。