一般的習(xí)語(yǔ)和慣用語(yǔ)意思固定,不需要看上下文,可以直接翻譯。慣用語(yǔ)的掌握依靠平時(shí)積
累,是詞匯量記憶成果的直接體現(xiàn)。
考研真題實(shí)例:
in general 一般來說,總而言之
under more favorable circumstances 在更優(yōu)越的條件下,在較好的環(huán)境中
to some extent 在一定程度上
in every relevant respect 在各相關(guān)方面
in action 起作用
for the reasons given above 由于上述原因
for the better part of a decade 七八年來 (譯注: decade 意為“十年”,the better part表示比五六年多,比九年十年少的概念,所以,譯作“七八年”比較貼切)
2) 詞類轉(zhuǎn)換
由于英漢兩種語(yǔ)言的表達(dá)習(xí)慣不同,在翻譯時(shí)有時(shí)需要進(jìn)行詞類轉(zhuǎn)換。在英譯漢實(shí)踐中,詞義引申或詞類轉(zhuǎn)換是常見現(xiàn)象。比如: outside the area of moral choice可譯為“無須考慮道德問題”;extremists of this kind可譯為“這類人持極端看法”。在這兩個(gè)例子中,英文中的介詞和名詞在翻譯過程中變成了動(dòng)詞。
詞類可根據(jù)詞語(yǔ)在上下文中所起的作用進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換,也可根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)表達(dá)習(xí)慣的要求進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換,在實(shí)際操作中須變通處理、靈活掌握。下面提供詞類轉(zhuǎn)換的部分實(shí)例,請(qǐng)考生多加體會(huì)。
考研真題實(shí)例:
名詞轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)詞
Robots have found application for the exploration of the outer space. (機(jī)器人已經(jīng)被用于探索外空間。)
名詞轉(zhuǎn)形容詞
He is a stranger to the operation of the helicopter. (他對(duì)直升機(jī)的操作很陌生。)
動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)名詞
The university aims at the first rate of the world. (學(xué)校的目標(biāo)是成為世界一流的大學(xué)。)
形容詞轉(zhuǎn)名詞
The Internet is different from traditional media in that it sends and receives information faster. (因特網(wǎng)和傳統(tǒng)媒體的區(qū)別就在于因特網(wǎng)可以更快地發(fā)送和接收信息。)
形容詞轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)詞
Success is dependent on his efforts. (成功與否取決于他的努力。)
形容詞轉(zhuǎn)副詞
The pictures give a visual representation of the situation. (這些圖片直觀地展示了當(dāng)時(shí)的情景。)
副詞轉(zhuǎn)名詞
Internally the earth consists of two parts, a core and a mantle. (地球的內(nèi)部由兩部分組成:地核和地幔。)
介詞轉(zhuǎn)連詞
With all its shortcomings this composition is regarded as the best. (盡管這篇作文有缺陷,但仍被認(rèn)為是的。)
累,是詞匯量記憶成果的直接體現(xiàn)。
考研真題實(shí)例:
in general 一般來說,總而言之
under more favorable circumstances 在更優(yōu)越的條件下,在較好的環(huán)境中
to some extent 在一定程度上
in every relevant respect 在各相關(guān)方面
in action 起作用
for the reasons given above 由于上述原因
for the better part of a decade 七八年來 (譯注: decade 意為“十年”,the better part表示比五六年多,比九年十年少的概念,所以,譯作“七八年”比較貼切)
2) 詞類轉(zhuǎn)換
由于英漢兩種語(yǔ)言的表達(dá)習(xí)慣不同,在翻譯時(shí)有時(shí)需要進(jìn)行詞類轉(zhuǎn)換。在英譯漢實(shí)踐中,詞義引申或詞類轉(zhuǎn)換是常見現(xiàn)象。比如: outside the area of moral choice可譯為“無須考慮道德問題”;extremists of this kind可譯為“這類人持極端看法”。在這兩個(gè)例子中,英文中的介詞和名詞在翻譯過程中變成了動(dòng)詞。
詞類可根據(jù)詞語(yǔ)在上下文中所起的作用進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換,也可根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)表達(dá)習(xí)慣的要求進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換,在實(shí)際操作中須變通處理、靈活掌握。下面提供詞類轉(zhuǎn)換的部分實(shí)例,請(qǐng)考生多加體會(huì)。
考研真題實(shí)例:
名詞轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)詞
Robots have found application for the exploration of the outer space. (機(jī)器人已經(jīng)被用于探索外空間。)
名詞轉(zhuǎn)形容詞
He is a stranger to the operation of the helicopter. (他對(duì)直升機(jī)的操作很陌生。)
動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)名詞
The university aims at the first rate of the world. (學(xué)校的目標(biāo)是成為世界一流的大學(xué)。)
形容詞轉(zhuǎn)名詞
The Internet is different from traditional media in that it sends and receives information faster. (因特網(wǎng)和傳統(tǒng)媒體的區(qū)別就在于因特網(wǎng)可以更快地發(fā)送和接收信息。)
形容詞轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)詞
Success is dependent on his efforts. (成功與否取決于他的努力。)
形容詞轉(zhuǎn)副詞
The pictures give a visual representation of the situation. (這些圖片直觀地展示了當(dāng)時(shí)的情景。)
副詞轉(zhuǎn)名詞
Internally the earth consists of two parts, a core and a mantle. (地球的內(nèi)部由兩部分組成:地核和地幔。)
介詞轉(zhuǎn)連詞
With all its shortcomings this composition is regarded as the best. (盡管這篇作文有缺陷,但仍被認(rèn)為是的。)