成考專升本英文時(shí)態(tài)知識(shí)點(diǎn)匯總

字號(hào):

一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
    1、 表示現(xiàn)在經(jīng)?;蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),常和often , always, usually ,sometimes,everyday 等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用;
    2、 表示主語(yǔ)的特征、性格、能力等;
    3、 表示客觀事實(shí)或普遍真理;
    4、 表示安排或計(jì)劃好的將來(lái)要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作;The plane takes off at 10 am .
    5、 在時(shí)間或條件狀語(yǔ)中,表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作;When you see her just tell her that I am all right .
    6、 在某些文學(xué)作品的情節(jié)描寫(xiě)中,代替過(guò)去時(shí),表示或用于引述書(shū)刊材料;The author says that the soldiers fight for freedom not for money.
    一般過(guò)去時(shí)
    用于表示過(guò)去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),常和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用,如yesterday,last week,three years ago , in 1987, at the time , in July .
    一般將來(lái)時(shí)
    主要用于表示將來(lái)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況
    在時(shí)間或條件狀語(yǔ)中,一般不用將來(lái)時(shí),而是用現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí)。I‘ll let you know the result when I finish everything.
    1、 shall, will + 動(dòng)詞原型構(gòu)成一般將來(lái)時(shí);
    2、 am (is , are) going to + 動(dòng)詞原型,表示近期打算去做的事情或可能要發(fā)生的事情;
    3、 am (is , are) about to + 動(dòng)詞原型,表示即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作;
    4、 am (is , an) to + 動(dòng)詞原型,表示必須或計(jì)劃要進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作 You are to be here by 4 pm for collecting the shipment you ordered .
    過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)
    用于表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間內(nèi),將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)
    was (were) going to +動(dòng)詞原型
    was (were) about to +動(dòng)詞原型
    was (were) to + 動(dòng)詞原型 表示過(guò)去某時(shí)間內(nèi)計(jì)劃、打算或一定要進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作
    現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
    go, come , stay , leave, start 的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)形式可以表示將來(lái)即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作
    He is coming to see you tomorrow .
    hate, like, love, believe, think, look, mind, have, seem, sound, smell, taste 通常不使用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)
    過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)
    表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作 He was making a long distance phone call to his friend in Australia from 10 to 11 last night .
    go, come , stay , leave, start 的過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)形式可以表示過(guò)去將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作
    將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)
    將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)用于在將來(lái)的某一段時(shí)間正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,或按計(jì)劃在未來(lái)將要進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作
    This time next week she will be working in the company .
    現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
    表示從過(guò)去,但持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作,或表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,但對(duì)現(xiàn)在仍留有某種后果和造成影響。 He has paid his income tax.
    過(guò)去完成時(shí)
    用來(lái)表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間或某個(gè)動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作,或者表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間開(kāi)始一直延續(xù)到過(guò)去另一個(gè)時(shí)間的動(dòng)作。
    He said that the group had written him a letter and asked him to go there for an intervier .
    將來(lái)完成時(shí)
    用來(lái)表示在將來(lái)某時(shí)間以前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作
    I am sure he will have left Tokyo by this time tomorrow .
    現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)
    表示從過(guò)去某一個(gè)時(shí)間開(kāi)始一直延續(xù)要現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作, 這個(gè)動(dòng)作可能剛剛結(jié)束,或者可能要繼續(xù)進(jìn)行下去。 She has been working in Guangzhou since 1985 .
    過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)
    表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間以前已經(jīng)開(kāi)始而又延續(xù)到過(guò)去這個(gè)時(shí)間的動(dòng)作。 可能剛剛停止,也可能還在繼續(xù)。 He told me that he had been a teacher of physics for more than twenty years .
    在表示時(shí)間或條件關(guān)系的主從復(fù)合句中,遵照“主將從現(xiàn)”原則,主句用將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài),從句用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。
    被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
    助動(dòng)詞be + 及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞
    含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞:情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ be + 及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分辭
    短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 :example takes good care >> taken good care
    虛擬語(yǔ)氣
    用來(lái)表示非真實(shí)的假設(shè),表示命令、建議或說(shuō)話人的主觀愿望
    條件從句 主句
    違背現(xiàn)在事實(shí) 過(guò)去式 should / would / could / might + 動(dòng)詞原形
    If the manager were here , he might make a decision immediately
    違背過(guò)去事實(shí) had + 過(guò)去分詞 should / would / could / might + have + 過(guò)去分詞
    I could have done it better if I had been more careful
    違背將來(lái)事實(shí) should + 動(dòng)詞原形 should / would / could / might + 動(dòng)詞原形
    were + 動(dòng)詞不定式( were to + 動(dòng)詞原形)
    If it should rain tomorrow , what could we do ?
    在下列結(jié)構(gòu)的主語(yǔ)從句中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用虛擬語(yǔ)氣
    It is necessary / imperative / important / essential / advisable that
    It is proposed / desired / requested / suggested / recommended / demanded / decided / arranged that
    混合虛擬句 條件從句表示的動(dòng)作和主句表示的動(dòng)作,在時(shí)間上不一致,動(dòng)詞形式需要調(diào)整
    If you had taken the medicine yesterday , you would be well now.
    Suggest , order , ask , demand , command , request , require etc.這些動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)從句用虛擬句, 在這些動(dòng)詞后面的賓語(yǔ)從句中,助動(dòng)詞一律是should .
    It is ( It was ) important ,其后的主語(yǔ)從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,助動(dòng)詞用should .
    It is important that we ( should ) learn computer .
    Wish + ( that ) 從句,通常表示不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。 表示現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)是,從句中的動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去時(shí);表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)時(shí),從句中的動(dòng)詞用had + 過(guò)去分詞。
    但是,從句中動(dòng)詞用would (might ) + 動(dòng)詞原形時(shí),表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)有可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望
    I wish I knew a little contract law . 但愿我知道一點(diǎn)合同法(我不知道)
    I wish you would come tomorrow . 我希望你明天能來(lái) (有可能來(lái))
    As if / as thought 引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句(或表語(yǔ)從句)中,常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。
    如果從句表示的意思與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞則應(yīng)使用過(guò)去式;
    如果從句表示的意思與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞則使用 had + 過(guò)去分詞的形式 .
    基本句型
    主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 The two-man spaceship took off this morning .
    主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 + 賓語(yǔ) The drilling machine is making a hole .
    主語(yǔ) + 連系動(dòng)詞 + 表語(yǔ) The answer is off the point .
    主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 + 間接賓語(yǔ) + 直接賓語(yǔ)
    The new approach has saved us a great deal of time
    主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 + 賓語(yǔ) + 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) We like our guests to feel at home .
    常用連詞
    等立連詞:and , so , not only ~ but also , neither ~ now , or , otherwise , either ~ or , but , yet , still , however , while ,whereas, for
    常用關(guān)聯(lián)詞
    主從連詞 that , whether , if
    連接代詞 who , whom , whose , what , where , which
    連接副詞 when , where , why , how
    倒裝句
    Never , Scarcely , hardly , rarely , little , nowhere , no sooner ~ than , not only , in no case , in no way , on no accoune , at no time , under no circumstances (這些詞或詞組放在句首作壯語(yǔ)時(shí))
    There be 句型和大多數(shù)的疑問(wèn)句都是倒裝句
    Here , there , then , thus 等副詞放在句首時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為come , be , exist , follow 等不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),句子一般都為全部倒裝 Here is a book for you . Here comes the bus .
    句首為 so , nor , neither 等副詞時(shí)、表明前句說(shuō)明的情況也適用于本句時(shí) ,句子為倒裝
    Richard can speak Japanese . So can his sister
    在虛擬語(yǔ)氣中,非真實(shí)條件從句中的連詞省略時(shí),句子為倒裝。這時(shí),倒裝到主語(yǔ)前的助動(dòng)次 had ,should 和動(dòng)詞were . Had I left a little earlier , I would have missed the train
    so / nor / neither + 系動(dòng)詞/ 助動(dòng)詞 / 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + 主語(yǔ)
    表示前句中謂語(yǔ)所說(shuō)明的情況也同樣適用于后句中的主語(yǔ),用到裝。
    He doesn‘t like music . Nor / Neither do I .
    在Hardly ~~ when 和 No sooner ~~ than 以及 Not until 的句型中,由于否定詞或否定詞組放在句首,主句部分中的主、謂要到裝———助動(dòng)詞 + 主語(yǔ) + 動(dòng)詞原形
    No sooner had he got well than he left the hospital .
    直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)
    John said , “ I ‘m going to London with my father .”
    John said that he was going to London with his father .
    一般疑問(wèn)句變成以if (whether ) 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句
    He said , “Have you all understood this passage ?”
    He asked the class if they had all understood that passage .
    祈使句變?yōu)閯?dòng)詞不定式, 作ask , tell 等動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。表示命令時(shí)常用 tell , order 等;表示請(qǐng)求時(shí)常用ask , beg 等動(dòng)詞,原句中的don‘t 應(yīng)變?yōu)?not .
    The manager said to the clerk , “Be polite to all the clients .”
    The manager told the clerk to be polite to all the clients .
    如主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為各種現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般將來(lái)時(shí),間接引語(yǔ)中的動(dòng)詞仍保持直接引語(yǔ)的原來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)
    He says , “ I am very busy reading the book .”
    He says that he is very busy reading the book .
    如主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為過(guò)去時(shí),間接引語(yǔ)中的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)發(fā)生如下變化:
    一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)———一般過(guò)去時(shí)
    現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)———過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)
    一般將來(lái)時(shí)———過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)
    現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)———過(guò)去完成時(shí)
    一般過(guò)去時(shí)———過(guò)去完成時(shí) 過(guò)去完成時(shí)不變
    直接引語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)換成間接引語(yǔ)時(shí),代詞一般相應(yīng)變化如下:
    this —— that last week – the week before
    therse – those three days ago – three days before
    now – then tomorrow – the next day
    today – that day next week – the (next ) following week
    this week – that week here —— there
    yesterday – the day before come – go
    介詞
    at 表示確切的時(shí)間點(diǎn)或較短暫的一段時(shí)間 at two o‘clock
    in 表示一天中的各部分時(shí)間或較長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間 in the morning , in spring , in 1967
    on表示具體的某一天或某一天的上午或下午 on Sunday , on Monday afternoon
    durning 表示一段時(shí)間 ,強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間的延續(xù) durning the Summer vacation
    at one time 過(guò)去有段時(shí)間、從前
    at the same time 同時(shí)
    on time 按時(shí)
    below 表示低于 , 溫度低于多少度
    above 表示高于 , 溫度高于多少度
    幾個(gè)形容詞修飾一個(gè)名詞的時(shí)候,排列順序如下:
    好壞、美丑等 + 大小、新舊、顏色 + 質(zhì)地、屬性 + 名詞
    和前綴a- 組成的形容詞只能做表語(yǔ)而不能做定語(yǔ), afraid , alive , alike ,alone , ashamed , asleep , awake etc.
    非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞
    forget to do something 忘了而沒(méi)有做某事
    forget doing something 忘了已做過(guò)某事
    remember to do something 記住了要去做某事
    remember doing something 記得已經(jīng)做過(guò)的事情
    stop to do something 停下正做的事情去做別的事情
    stop doing something 停下手中正在做的事
    go on to do something 接下來(lái)做另一件事情
    go on doing something 繼續(xù)做一直在做的事情
    動(dòng)詞need , want , require 和形容詞 worth 后,可接動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式來(lái)表示被動(dòng)的意義
    現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式與及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞都表示被動(dòng):
    前者表示被修飾的名詞正在承受的行為 The problem being discussed is important
    后者表示承受過(guò)了的行為 The problem discussed yesterday was important .
    情態(tài)動(dòng)詞
    must + have + 過(guò)去分詞,表示對(duì)過(guò)去的某事做出肯定性的判斷;
    must + 動(dòng)詞原形 ,表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在的某事作出肯定性的判斷。
    Need not + have +過(guò)去分詞 表示過(guò)去做了本沒(méi)有必要做的事情
    主謂一致 (語(yǔ)法一致、意義一致、就近)
    謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù):
    不定式、動(dòng)名詞或名詞性結(jié)構(gòu)從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí);
    事件、國(guó)名、機(jī)構(gòu)名稱、作品名稱作主語(yǔ)時(shí);
    one , every , everyone , everybody , each , one of , many a , either , neither , no one , nobody , anybody ,some body 做主語(yǔ)或修飾主語(yǔ)時(shí);
    表示時(shí)間、距離、金錢(qián)、體積、數(shù)字等詞語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)表示總量時(shí);
    a person of , a series of , a kind of 等表示一個(gè)、一種、一系列等詞組用來(lái)修飾主語(yǔ)時(shí);
    集體名次作主語(yǔ)表示一個(gè)整體概念時(shí)。
    謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)
    both , few , many , several 等詞語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)或修飾主語(yǔ)時(shí);(some 不一定)
    形容詞前加定冠詞用于泛指一類時(shí);
    cattle , people , police , clothes 等名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí);
    由and 連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí);
    a number of 修飾主語(yǔ)時(shí)。