一、理論知識
1. 直譯法
＊; honeymoon\mad cow disease\hot line\ talk show\gene therapy\chain reaction
＊; bull’s eye
＊; bicycle people
＊; milky way
靶心、騎自行車的人、銀河
2. 意譯
＊; as timid as hare 膽小如兔
＊; day student 白天的學(xué)生
＊; in the dark 在黑暗中
＊; cash crops 現(xiàn)金莊稼
膽小如鼠、走讀生、一無所知、經(jīng)濟作物
＊; he had one foot in the grave.
他已經(jīng)有一只腳踏進墳?zāi)沽?BR> 他已經(jīng)是風(fēng)燭殘年了
＊; the medicinal herb helps a cough.
這種草藥幫助咳嗽
這種草藥可以治療咳嗽
理解、表達(直譯結(jié)合意譯)、校對
二、詞
1. 根據(jù)詞性確定詞義
＊; the earth is not completely round.
＊; let’s go into the hall and have a look round.
＊; they are dancing in a round.
＊; he worked round the day.
＊; the boy’s eyes rounded with excitement.
＊; 圓的形容詞
＊; 轉(zhuǎn)一轉(zhuǎn) 副詞
＊; 一圈 名詞
＊; 一整天 介詞
＊; 睜得圓圓的 動詞
2. 根據(jù)上下文確定詞義
＊; the story of their sufferings moved us deeply.
＊; work on the new building is moving quickly.
＊; the government’s opinions on this matter haven’t moved.
＊; she moves in the highest circles of society.
＊; unless the employers move quickly, there will be strike.
＊; 打動
＊; 進展
＊; 改變
＊; 生活
＊; 采取措施
3. 根據(jù)漢語表達習(xí)慣確定詞義
＊; i think your suggestion will work.
＊; the new treatment works like magic.
＊; my watch doesn’t work.
＊; the sea works high.
＊; she worked her way to the front.
＊; the new regulation is working well.
＊; 行得通
＊; 療效
＊; 走
＊; 洶涌起伏
＊; 擠到
＊; 執(zhí)行
4. 通過抽象化加以引申
＊; they have their smiles and tears.
微笑和眼淚
＊; we insist that international trade should not be a one-way street.
單行道
＊; i have no head for mathematics.
沒有頭腦
＊; 歡樂與悲哀
＊; 有來無往
＊; 沒有天賦
5. 通過具體化加以引申
＊; the car in front of me stopped, and i missed the green.
綠色綠燈
＊; perhaps the only trouble with copper is that it is not hard enough for some uses.
麻煩缺點
6. 增加原文中省略的部分
＊; reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; writing an exact man.
＊; a fool and his words are soon parted; a man of genius and his money.
＊; without a sense of your fault, how can repentance an amendment be expected?
＊; students should learn from teachers and vice versa.
＊; 讀書使人充實,討論使人機智,寫作使人準(zhǔn)確
＊; 愚人會很快忘記說過的話,智者會很快放棄手里的錢
＊; 如果你對自己的錯誤都不能認識到,怎么能指望你悔改呢
＊; 學(xué)生應(yīng)該向老師學(xué)習(xí),老師也應(yīng)該向?qū)W生學(xué)習(xí)
7. 從語法角度去省略
＊; the significance of a man is not in what he attained but rather in what he longs to attain.
＊; it is the people who are really powerful.
＊; if winter comes, can spring be far behind?
＊; on july 1, 1997, hong kong returned to the people’s republic of china.
＊; delivery must be affected within the time stated on the purchase order.
＊; 人生的意義不在于已經(jīng)獲取的,而在于渴望得到什么樣的東西
＊; 人民才是大的
＊; 冬天來了,春天還會遠嗎?
＊; 1997年7月,香港回歸了中華人民共和國
＊; 必須在購貨單規(guī)定的時間交貨
8. 重復(fù)法
＊; this has been our position—but not theirs.
＊; we talked of ourselves, of our prospects, of the journey, of the weather, of each other—of everything.
＊; he hated failure; he had conquered it all his life, risen above it, despised it in others.
＊; 這一直是我們的立場—而不是他們的立場
＊; 我們談到自己,談到前途,談到旅程,談到天氣,談到彼此的情況—談到所有的一切事情
＊; 他討厭失敗,他一生中曾戰(zhàn)勝失敗,超越失敗,并且藐視別人的失敗
三、句
1. 主語從句
＊; whatever is worth doing should be done well.
＊; 任何值得做的事情都應(yīng)該做好
＊; it is strange that she should have failed to see her own shortcomings.
＊; 真奇怪,他竟然沒有看出自己的缺點
2. 賓語從句
＊; i told him that because of the last condition, i’d have to turn it down.
＊; 我告訴他,由于那最后一個條件,我只得謝絕
＊; we consider it absolutely necessary that we should open our door to the outside world.
＊; 打開國門,實行開放,我們認為這是絕對必要
3. 表語從句
＊; the question remains whether we can win the majority of the people.
＊; 問題是我們能否贏得大多數(shù)人民群眾的支持
＊; his view of the press was that the reporters were either for him or against him.
＊; 他對新聞界的看法是,記者們不是支持他,就是反對他
4. 同位語從句
＊; we know the fact that bodies possess weight.
＊; 我們都知道物體具有重量這一事實
＊; we have reached the conclusion that practice is the criterion for testing truth.
＊; 我們已經(jīng)得出這樣的結(jié)論:實踐是檢驗真理的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
5. 定語從句
＊; he who has never tasted what is bitter does not know what is sweet.
＊; i told the story to winson, who told it to his brother.
＊; it is he who received the letter that announced the death of your uncle.
6. 狀語從句
＊; 時間狀語從句
directly he uttered these words there was a dead silence.
他剛說出這些話,大家就沉默下來
＊; 原因狀語從句
we had to put the meeting off, since so many people were absent.
由于很多人沒有來,會議只好延期
＊; 條件狀語從句
it was better in case they were captured.
要是把他們抓到了,那就更好了
＊; 讓步狀語從句
no matter what i say or how i say it, he always thinks i’m wrong.
不管我說什么,也不管我怎么說,他總是認為我錯了
＊; 目的狀語從句
he emphasized it again and again, lest she should forget.
他反復(fù)強調(diào)這一點,免得她忘記了
＊; 結(jié)果狀語從句
the difference is such that all will perceive it.
差別這么大,所有的人都看得出來
四個維度
對英語原文理解的深度
自身的漢語修養(yǎng)程度
對英語、漢語所在的兩種文化、歷史、風(fēng)土人情等的正確掌握
需要真正擺脫原文束縛，遣詞造句盡量貼近原文，同時還要按照漢語習(xí)慣來表達英語原文的內(nèi)容
1. 直譯法
＊; honeymoon\mad cow disease\hot line\ talk show\gene therapy\chain reaction
＊; bull’s eye
＊; bicycle people
＊; milky way
靶心、騎自行車的人、銀河
2. 意譯
＊; as timid as hare 膽小如兔
＊; day student 白天的學(xué)生
＊; in the dark 在黑暗中
＊; cash crops 現(xiàn)金莊稼
膽小如鼠、走讀生、一無所知、經(jīng)濟作物
＊; he had one foot in the grave.
他已經(jīng)有一只腳踏進墳?zāi)沽?BR> 他已經(jīng)是風(fēng)燭殘年了
＊; the medicinal herb helps a cough.
這種草藥幫助咳嗽
這種草藥可以治療咳嗽
理解、表達(直譯結(jié)合意譯)、校對
二、詞
1. 根據(jù)詞性確定詞義
＊; the earth is not completely round.
＊; let’s go into the hall and have a look round.
＊; they are dancing in a round.
＊; he worked round the day.
＊; the boy’s eyes rounded with excitement.
＊; 圓的形容詞
＊; 轉(zhuǎn)一轉(zhuǎn) 副詞
＊; 一圈 名詞
＊; 一整天 介詞
＊; 睜得圓圓的 動詞
2. 根據(jù)上下文確定詞義
＊; the story of their sufferings moved us deeply.
＊; work on the new building is moving quickly.
＊; the government’s opinions on this matter haven’t moved.
＊; she moves in the highest circles of society.
＊; unless the employers move quickly, there will be strike.
＊; 打動
＊; 進展
＊; 改變
＊; 生活
＊; 采取措施
3. 根據(jù)漢語表達習(xí)慣確定詞義
＊; i think your suggestion will work.
＊; the new treatment works like magic.
＊; my watch doesn’t work.
＊; the sea works high.
＊; she worked her way to the front.
＊; the new regulation is working well.
＊; 行得通
＊; 療效
＊; 走
＊; 洶涌起伏
＊; 擠到
＊; 執(zhí)行
4. 通過抽象化加以引申
＊; they have their smiles and tears.
微笑和眼淚
＊; we insist that international trade should not be a one-way street.
單行道
＊; i have no head for mathematics.
沒有頭腦
＊; 歡樂與悲哀
＊; 有來無往
＊; 沒有天賦
5. 通過具體化加以引申
＊; the car in front of me stopped, and i missed the green.
綠色綠燈
＊; perhaps the only trouble with copper is that it is not hard enough for some uses.
麻煩缺點
6. 增加原文中省略的部分
＊; reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; writing an exact man.
＊; a fool and his words are soon parted; a man of genius and his money.
＊; without a sense of your fault, how can repentance an amendment be expected?
＊; students should learn from teachers and vice versa.
＊; 讀書使人充實,討論使人機智,寫作使人準(zhǔn)確
＊; 愚人會很快忘記說過的話,智者會很快放棄手里的錢
＊; 如果你對自己的錯誤都不能認識到,怎么能指望你悔改呢
＊; 學(xué)生應(yīng)該向老師學(xué)習(xí),老師也應(yīng)該向?qū)W生學(xué)習(xí)
7. 從語法角度去省略
＊; the significance of a man is not in what he attained but rather in what he longs to attain.
＊; it is the people who are really powerful.
＊; if winter comes, can spring be far behind?
＊; on july 1, 1997, hong kong returned to the people’s republic of china.
＊; delivery must be affected within the time stated on the purchase order.
＊; 人生的意義不在于已經(jīng)獲取的,而在于渴望得到什么樣的東西
＊; 人民才是大的
＊; 冬天來了,春天還會遠嗎?
＊; 1997年7月,香港回歸了中華人民共和國
＊; 必須在購貨單規(guī)定的時間交貨
8. 重復(fù)法
＊; this has been our position—but not theirs.
＊; we talked of ourselves, of our prospects, of the journey, of the weather, of each other—of everything.
＊; he hated failure; he had conquered it all his life, risen above it, despised it in others.
＊; 這一直是我們的立場—而不是他們的立場
＊; 我們談到自己,談到前途,談到旅程,談到天氣,談到彼此的情況—談到所有的一切事情
＊; 他討厭失敗,他一生中曾戰(zhàn)勝失敗,超越失敗,并且藐視別人的失敗
三、句
1. 主語從句
＊; whatever is worth doing should be done well.
＊; 任何值得做的事情都應(yīng)該做好
＊; it is strange that she should have failed to see her own shortcomings.
＊; 真奇怪,他竟然沒有看出自己的缺點
2. 賓語從句
＊; i told him that because of the last condition, i’d have to turn it down.
＊; 我告訴他,由于那最后一個條件,我只得謝絕
＊; we consider it absolutely necessary that we should open our door to the outside world.
＊; 打開國門,實行開放,我們認為這是絕對必要
3. 表語從句
＊; the question remains whether we can win the majority of the people.
＊; 問題是我們能否贏得大多數(shù)人民群眾的支持
＊; his view of the press was that the reporters were either for him or against him.
＊; 他對新聞界的看法是,記者們不是支持他,就是反對他
4. 同位語從句
＊; we know the fact that bodies possess weight.
＊; 我們都知道物體具有重量這一事實
＊; we have reached the conclusion that practice is the criterion for testing truth.
＊; 我們已經(jīng)得出這樣的結(jié)論:實踐是檢驗真理的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
5. 定語從句
＊; he who has never tasted what is bitter does not know what is sweet.
＊; i told the story to winson, who told it to his brother.
＊; it is he who received the letter that announced the death of your uncle.
6. 狀語從句
＊; 時間狀語從句
directly he uttered these words there was a dead silence.
他剛說出這些話,大家就沉默下來
＊; 原因狀語從句
we had to put the meeting off, since so many people were absent.
由于很多人沒有來,會議只好延期
＊; 條件狀語從句
it was better in case they were captured.
要是把他們抓到了,那就更好了
＊; 讓步狀語從句
no matter what i say or how i say it, he always thinks i’m wrong.
不管我說什么,也不管我怎么說,他總是認為我錯了
＊; 目的狀語從句
he emphasized it again and again, lest she should forget.
他反復(fù)強調(diào)這一點,免得她忘記了
＊; 結(jié)果狀語從句
the difference is such that all will perceive it.
差別這么大,所有的人都看得出來
四個維度
對英語原文理解的深度
自身的漢語修養(yǎng)程度
對英語、漢語所在的兩種文化、歷史、風(fēng)土人情等的正確掌握
需要真正擺脫原文束縛，遣詞造句盡量貼近原文，同時還要按照漢語習(xí)慣來表達英語原文的內(nèi)容