句子的核心是謂語動(dòng)詞，謂語動(dòng)詞的確定取決于主語。根據(jù)句子含義和結(jié)構(gòu)認(rèn)準(zhǔn)主語是掌握主謂一致的必要條件；弄清主謂一致的語言規(guī)則和習(xí)慣是掌握主謂一致的充分條件，要正確使用主謂一致，兩個(gè)條件缺一不可，但同學(xué)們往往會(huì)走入以下三大誤區(qū)。
誤區(qū)一 誤認(rèn)主語
1. 倒裝句
①Between the two buildings are a big tree. (×）
②Between the two buildings is a big tree. (√)
[解析] 第①句謂語動(dòng)詞使用are，錯(cuò)誤地認(rèn)為the two buildings是該句的主語，但實(shí)際上是介詞between的賓語，一起構(gòu)成介詞短語，而介詞短語不能充當(dāng)主語。該句是一個(gè)倒裝句，真正主語是a big tree.因此第②句正確。
特別提醒 倒裝句的常見結(jié)構(gòu)：副詞/介詞短語+謂語+主語
2. 主語之后帶有介詞短語
①The fruit like apples, oranges are good for our health. (×）
②The fruit like apples, oranges is good for our health. (√)
[解析] 第①句誤認(rèn)為apples, oranges是主語，因此謂語動(dòng)詞用are，而實(shí)際上the fruit才是該句的主語，like apples，oranges是介詞短語作后置定語修飾the fruit.該句譯為“像蘋果、桔子之類的水果對(duì)我們的身體是有好處的”。因此第②句是正確的。
特別提醒 類似的結(jié)構(gòu)有：主語+with / like / except / but / together with / as well as . . . ，謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與主語一致，而與介詞短語之后的名詞無關(guān)。
3. one of . . . + 名詞復(fù)數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)代詞
①There are twenty boys in our class. One of the boys are from Canada. (×）
②There are twenty boys in our class. One of the boys is from Canada. (√)
[解析] one of the boys的中心詞是one，因此謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，造成第①句錯(cuò)誤的原因主要是把the boys當(dāng)成了該句的主語。
4. 定語從句
①I like the photos which was taken in Beijing. (×）
②I like the photos which were taken in Beijing. (√)
[解析] which were taken in Beijing是一個(gè)定語從句，用于修飾先行詞the photos，而which本身就代替先行詞the photos.因此謂語動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)，造成第①句錯(cuò)誤的原因是沒有弄清楚關(guān)系詞which的實(shí)質(zhì)，只是從形式上看它是單數(shù)。
特別提醒 定語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該與先行詞保持一致。
誤區(qū)一 誤認(rèn)主語
1. 倒裝句
①Between the two buildings are a big tree. (×）
②Between the two buildings is a big tree. (√)
[解析] 第①句謂語動(dòng)詞使用are，錯(cuò)誤地認(rèn)為the two buildings是該句的主語，但實(shí)際上是介詞between的賓語，一起構(gòu)成介詞短語，而介詞短語不能充當(dāng)主語。該句是一個(gè)倒裝句，真正主語是a big tree.因此第②句正確。
特別提醒 倒裝句的常見結(jié)構(gòu)：副詞/介詞短語+謂語+主語
2. 主語之后帶有介詞短語
①The fruit like apples, oranges are good for our health. (×）
②The fruit like apples, oranges is good for our health. (√)
[解析] 第①句誤認(rèn)為apples, oranges是主語，因此謂語動(dòng)詞用are，而實(shí)際上the fruit才是該句的主語，like apples，oranges是介詞短語作后置定語修飾the fruit.該句譯為“像蘋果、桔子之類的水果對(duì)我們的身體是有好處的”。因此第②句是正確的。
特別提醒 類似的結(jié)構(gòu)有：主語+with / like / except / but / together with / as well as . . . ，謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與主語一致，而與介詞短語之后的名詞無關(guān)。
3. one of . . . + 名詞復(fù)數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)代詞
①There are twenty boys in our class. One of the boys are from Canada. (×）
②There are twenty boys in our class. One of the boys is from Canada. (√)
[解析] one of the boys的中心詞是one，因此謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，造成第①句錯(cuò)誤的原因主要是把the boys當(dāng)成了該句的主語。
4. 定語從句
①I like the photos which was taken in Beijing. (×）
②I like the photos which were taken in Beijing. (√)
[解析] which were taken in Beijing是一個(gè)定語從句，用于修飾先行詞the photos，而which本身就代替先行詞the photos.因此謂語動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)，造成第①句錯(cuò)誤的原因是沒有弄清楚關(guān)系詞which的實(shí)質(zhì)，只是從形式上看它是單數(shù)。
特別提醒 定語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該與先行詞保持一致。