1.What is Translation？
Translation and Interpretation
Translation standards：Faithfulness，Expressiveness and Elegance
要求：中文與英文均無語法錯誤，無錯別字，無拼寫錯誤。終于原文結構、實事和內容，翻譯時要注意overall understanding在整體全篇的理解的基礎上再翻譯，意思才能表達準確。
2.Passage Translation
1） A merchant ，whose daughter had married a man with whom it proved she could not get on very well， was surprised some weeks later to see the young lady return home with all her belongings.
有一個商人的女兒嫁人了，但是與丈夫關系過得不是很好，幾周后帶著隨身物品回到娘家，商人看見了和驚訝。
The old man listened very attentively to her story， and then went to his desk and wrote a note to his son-in-law， which he gave to his daughter assuring her that her husband would receive her kindly after this.
商人仔細聽了女兒的述說，然后到桌旁寫了一張便條給他女婿，把它交給女兒并向她保證他的丈夫在看到便條后一定會善待她的。
The pair， on reading the letter， found in it the following notice：“Dear sir，goods that have been selected of one's own free will at my establishment are not to be taken back.” The young couple laughed heartily， and were reconciled.
女兒回到家后與丈夫打開信來看時，發(fā)現(xiàn)這封信里是封通知：“親愛的顧客，在本店自由選擇的貨物一經(jīng)售出概不退還。
2） Until the nineteenth century，the Asians were relatively successful in holding the European traders and missionaries at bay.
在十九世紀之前，亞洲人才相對成功地把歐洲商人和傳教士拒之國門之外。
hold sb. at bay=keep sb. far away， missionary 傳教士
The Chinese court assumed an aloof and patronizing attitude toward these Westerners， keeping them confined（limited） to the southern port cities of Macao and later， Canton.
中國朝廷對這些西方人采取的是冷漠和施恩的態(tài)度，把他們限制在南部的港口城市：澳門以及和后來的廣州。
Canton 廣州， patronizing 傲慢的，惠顧的， aloof 遠離的，冷淡的
China's rulers supremely confident in their own tradition， professed little need of Western goods and ideas.
中國的統(tǒng)治者對待自己的傳統(tǒng)及其自信，聲稱對待西方的商品和思想根本不需要。
supreme 的，的，最重要的，profess 聲稱；自稱
Thus responding to a British request for diplomatic representation in Beijing in 1816， the Chinese Emperor avowed that “my dynasty attached no value to products from abroad： your nation's strange wares do not appeal to me in the least，nor do they interest me，”
因此在1896年，中國的皇帝在回復英國人請求在北京設立外交代表時，中國皇帝聲稱：“吾朝視外邦物產(chǎn)一文不值，汝國之怪異物品根本吸引不了朕，朕亦無興趣。
ware 商品（pl.）
3） 國家不分大小強弱，也不分社會制度和意識形態(tài)異同，都一律平等，互相尊重。
All countries ，（whether） big or small，strong or week，will be equal and respect each other regardless of/irrespcet of the differences in social system and ideology.
看完全文后應發(fā)現(xiàn)說話場合是在聯(lián)合國，在聯(lián)合國提議用will，不用should.一對反意詞可作形容詞后置。
任何國家都不得把自己的意志強加于人，都不得謀求霸權。
Any country will not impose/force/press its will on others，or seek hegemony.
各國內部事務由各國自己處理，世界的共同事務由各國協(xié)商處理。
The internal affairs of one country will be addressed by itself while the common affairs of the world will be handled by all countries through consultation.
為了避免英語中的重復，用不同的詞表示“處理”。其中address可以解釋為“解決”
國際爭端都通過和平談判解決，而不訴諸武力或以武力相威脅。
All international disputes will be resolved through peaceful negotiations instead of /rather than/without resorting to force or threat by force.
我們深信，這樣的世界是符合各國人民的利益和愿望的。
We are convinced that such a world is in line with interests and aspirations of the people of various country.
我愿借助聯(lián)合國的崇高講壇，把中國政府這一設想提出來，希望各國政治家在討論世界前途時，加以認真考慮。
We would like to take advangtage of the august/dignified/stately/majestic forum of the United Nations to present the idea of Chinese government and hope/hoping that the statesmen of all countries will take it into （serious） consideration when exploring the future of the world.
lofty用于形容人的崇高，目標、idea等，形容建筑物的高度，holy神圣的（帶有宗教色彩）
求同存異 seek common ground while preserving differences
奉行睦鄰友好政策 uphold （pursue） the good-neighbor （good-neighborly） policy
戰(zhàn)略伙伴關系 the strategic partnership
中國國際地位顯著提高 china's international standing has risen notably
Translation and Interpretation
Translation standards：Faithfulness，Expressiveness and Elegance
要求：中文與英文均無語法錯誤，無錯別字，無拼寫錯誤。終于原文結構、實事和內容，翻譯時要注意overall understanding在整體全篇的理解的基礎上再翻譯，意思才能表達準確。
2.Passage Translation
1） A merchant ，whose daughter had married a man with whom it proved she could not get on very well， was surprised some weeks later to see the young lady return home with all her belongings.
有一個商人的女兒嫁人了，但是與丈夫關系過得不是很好，幾周后帶著隨身物品回到娘家，商人看見了和驚訝。
The old man listened very attentively to her story， and then went to his desk and wrote a note to his son-in-law， which he gave to his daughter assuring her that her husband would receive her kindly after this.
商人仔細聽了女兒的述說，然后到桌旁寫了一張便條給他女婿，把它交給女兒并向她保證他的丈夫在看到便條后一定會善待她的。
The pair， on reading the letter， found in it the following notice：“Dear sir，goods that have been selected of one's own free will at my establishment are not to be taken back.” The young couple laughed heartily， and were reconciled.
女兒回到家后與丈夫打開信來看時，發(fā)現(xiàn)這封信里是封通知：“親愛的顧客，在本店自由選擇的貨物一經(jīng)售出概不退還。
2） Until the nineteenth century，the Asians were relatively successful in holding the European traders and missionaries at bay.
在十九世紀之前，亞洲人才相對成功地把歐洲商人和傳教士拒之國門之外。
hold sb. at bay=keep sb. far away， missionary 傳教士
The Chinese court assumed an aloof and patronizing attitude toward these Westerners， keeping them confined（limited） to the southern port cities of Macao and later， Canton.
中國朝廷對這些西方人采取的是冷漠和施恩的態(tài)度，把他們限制在南部的港口城市：澳門以及和后來的廣州。
Canton 廣州， patronizing 傲慢的，惠顧的， aloof 遠離的，冷淡的
China's rulers supremely confident in their own tradition， professed little need of Western goods and ideas.
中國的統(tǒng)治者對待自己的傳統(tǒng)及其自信，聲稱對待西方的商品和思想根本不需要。
supreme 的，的，最重要的，profess 聲稱；自稱
Thus responding to a British request for diplomatic representation in Beijing in 1816， the Chinese Emperor avowed that “my dynasty attached no value to products from abroad： your nation's strange wares do not appeal to me in the least，nor do they interest me，”
因此在1896年，中國的皇帝在回復英國人請求在北京設立外交代表時，中國皇帝聲稱：“吾朝視外邦物產(chǎn)一文不值，汝國之怪異物品根本吸引不了朕，朕亦無興趣。
ware 商品（pl.）
3） 國家不分大小強弱，也不分社會制度和意識形態(tài)異同，都一律平等，互相尊重。
All countries ，（whether） big or small，strong or week，will be equal and respect each other regardless of/irrespcet of the differences in social system and ideology.
看完全文后應發(fā)現(xiàn)說話場合是在聯(lián)合國，在聯(lián)合國提議用will，不用should.一對反意詞可作形容詞后置。
任何國家都不得把自己的意志強加于人，都不得謀求霸權。
Any country will not impose/force/press its will on others，or seek hegemony.
各國內部事務由各國自己處理，世界的共同事務由各國協(xié)商處理。
The internal affairs of one country will be addressed by itself while the common affairs of the world will be handled by all countries through consultation.
為了避免英語中的重復，用不同的詞表示“處理”。其中address可以解釋為“解決”
國際爭端都通過和平談判解決，而不訴諸武力或以武力相威脅。
All international disputes will be resolved through peaceful negotiations instead of /rather than/without resorting to force or threat by force.
我們深信，這樣的世界是符合各國人民的利益和愿望的。
We are convinced that such a world is in line with interests and aspirations of the people of various country.
我愿借助聯(lián)合國的崇高講壇，把中國政府這一設想提出來，希望各國政治家在討論世界前途時，加以認真考慮。
We would like to take advangtage of the august/dignified/stately/majestic forum of the United Nations to present the idea of Chinese government and hope/hoping that the statesmen of all countries will take it into （serious） consideration when exploring the future of the world.
lofty用于形容人的崇高，目標、idea等，形容建筑物的高度，holy神圣的（帶有宗教色彩）
求同存異 seek common ground while preserving differences
奉行睦鄰友好政策 uphold （pursue） the good-neighbor （good-neighborly） policy
戰(zhàn)略伙伴關系 the strategic partnership
中國國際地位顯著提高 china's international standing has risen notably