2013高考英語高頻詞匯舉例解析(5)

字號(hào):

◆ raise; keep; support; feed 這四個(gè)詞都有“撫養(yǎng)”、“養(yǎng)家”、“贍養(yǎng)”的意思,但也有區(qū)別。 ◇ raise意為“撫養(yǎng)(指人);飼養(yǎng)(指動(dòng)物或禽畜)”之意。如: He raised the children himself;his wife died years ago. 他的妻子多年以前就去世了,他一手把孩子拉扯大。 He raised those goats from new-born kids.那些羊從小羊羔時(shí)就是他喂養(yǎng)的。 ◇ keep表示“養(yǎng)活(指人);飼養(yǎng)(指動(dòng)物或禽畜)”。如: John has his wife and six children to keep(support).約翰要養(yǎng)活妻子和六個(gè)孩子。 They kept some hens and pigs.他們養(yǎng)了一些雞和豬。 ◇ support意為“養(yǎng)活”,不用于飼養(yǎng)動(dòng)物。如: She supports her old mother.她贍養(yǎng)老母親。 He has a large family to support.他要養(yǎng)活一大家子。 ◇ feed意為“喂 養(yǎng)??;飼養(yǎng);以……為食”。如: Have you fed the baby/cow yet?嬰兒/牛喂了嗎? She fed meat to her dog. =She fed her dog with/on meat.她用肉喂狗。 Foxes feed on small animals.狐貍以小動(dòng)物為食。 ◆ rather than/would rather(…than) ◇ rather than是連詞,前后兩端所連的詞性是一致的,通常譯為“而不是”或“與其說是……不如說是”,有時(shí)可用短語介詞instead of替代。例如: He was writing a letter rather than=(instead of)reading the newspaper.他那時(shí)正在寫信而不在看報(bào)紙。 John should go rather than=(instead of)Jean.應(yīng)該去的是約翰,而不是簡。 These shoes are comfortable rather than pretty.這些鞋子談不上漂亮,但穿起來倒很舒服。 Evans is a doctor rather than a teacher.與其說埃文斯是個(gè)老師,不如說是個(gè)醫(yī)生。 ◇ would rather表示選擇或主觀上的愿望,其中的would亦可理解為had。它表示“寧愿、寧可”的意思。如果要把取舍的雙方都表達(dá)出來,則應(yīng)該用would(or:had)rather…than,表示“寧愿……也不……”的意思。例如: My aunt invited me to the film, but I said I'd rather go on a picnic with the girls. 我的姑媽邀請(qǐng)我去看電影,可是我說我倒愿意跟女孩子們一起去野餐。 I am sure they would(or:had)rather die than give up.我深信他們一定會(huì)寧死不屈。 ◆ refer to; refer…to ◇ refer to意為①“談及”,“提到”;②“查閱”,“參考”。如: You are the very person I referred to just now.你正是我剛才所指的人。 Please refer to the map of the city when you first drive here. 當(dāng)你第一次在這兒駕駛時(shí),請(qǐng)參看市政地圖。 ◇ refer…to意為①“把……提交給”,“把……歸功于”②“讓……處理/查找”,可用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)。如: The dispute was referred to the United Nations.爭端被提交聯(lián)合國解決。 He referred me to the notes.他建議我參看一下注釋。 We referred our great development to the correct leadership of the Party. 我們把我們所取得的巨大發(fā)展歸功于黨的正確領(lǐng)導(dǎo)。 ◆ reply;answer ◇ 二者均可表示“回答”,可作名詞和動(dòng)詞。answer 為一般用語,主要用于對(duì)問題、指責(zé)等的回答;reply的用法較正式,多用于對(duì)問題作出解釋、辯論或陳述性回答。二者作名詞時(shí)都指“……的答案或答復(fù)”,均與 to 連用。例如: Answer this question.回答這個(gè)問題。 I asked her the reason, but she didn’t reply. 我問她為什么,她卻不回答。 I received no reply / answer to my request. 我的要求沒有收到任何答復(fù)。 ◇ answer 后面可直接跟賓語,而reply 跟賓語時(shí)須與 to 連用;answer 可表示對(duì)電話、敲門等作出的“應(yīng)答”,reply 則不能。例如: You must reply to/answer this letter right away. 你應(yīng)當(dāng)馬上回復(fù)這封信。 Who answered the telephone? 誰接的電話? ◇ 如果是指練習(xí)題的“答案”,一般用 answer。例如: The answer to 6×10 is 60. 6乘以10 的答案是60。 ◆ reporter; journalist ◇ reporter=news reporter“新聞?dòng)浾摺保刂竿獬霾稍L的記者?!?journalist“記者”泛指新聞工作者,如報(bào)紙的編輯、采訪記者、攝影記者都可以叫journalist。 ◆ road/street/way/path◇ road意為“路”,“道路”,指供車輛或人通過的廣闊平坦的大道,常指“公路”,“馬路”等,兩側(cè)一般沒有建筑物。例如: Jim and Li Lei meet on the road.吉姆和李雷在路上相遇。 The car is running along the road.汽車沿著這條路行駛。 ◇ street指城鎮(zhèn)、鄉(xiāng)村兩旁有建筑物的“街道”?!霸诮稚稀笨梢哉fon the street,也可以說in the street,前者是美國英語,后者是英國英語。例如: Go along the street,and take the third turning on the right.沿著大街走,在第三個(gè)路口往右拐。There are many shops in the street. 街上有許多商店。 ◇ way意為“道路”,指street,road或任何可以通行的路,含義較抽象??谡Z中問路時(shí)常用way。way還可指路程距離。例如: How can I get there? I don't know the way. 我怎么能到達(dá)那里?我不知道路。 I asked the way to the station.我打聽去車站的路。 It was a long way from here. 它離這兒很遠(yuǎn)。 ◇ path通常指“小路、小徑”,只供人行走的路,可以是人們踐踏而成的路,如山中、林間的羊腸小道;也可以指公園、田間的小路,還可以指供人或事物移動(dòng)的“路線”等。例如: They walked along the path across the field.他們沿著穿越田野的路走去。 ◆ room;place;space ◇ room有兩層含義,一為“房間”,是可數(shù)名詞;二表示人或物體所占的“空間或場所”、處事的“余地”等意思,是不可數(shù)名詞,可用little,much,no,plenty等詞修飾??蓸?gòu)成make room for給……讓出地方;take up room占地方;leave room for留出空間給……等短語。 ◇ place指人們從事各種活動(dòng)的“地方,場所,位置”,是可數(shù)名詞,常用的短語有take one’s place就坐,入席;in place在適當(dāng)?shù)奈恢谩?space意為“空間”,是不可數(shù)名詞,表示萬物存在之處;作“空隙、空白”解時(shí),是可數(shù)名詞。 [EXERCISES] 1.There isn’t ____ in the classroom for thirty desks. 2.Wuhan’s a hot ____ in summer. 3.There is ____ in improvement in your work. ANSWER: 1.space/room 2.place 3.room ◆ run away/run after/ run through◇ run away意為“逃走;逃跑;溜掉”等。◇ run after意為“追趕;追逐;尋找;搜尋”等。◇ run through意為“穿過;流過”等。 [EXERCISES] ①The dog the hare(野兔)now. ②The river the village. ③When the policeman arrived,the thief . (Keys:①is running after ②runs through ③had run away) ◆ run out; run out of ◇ run out of表示“某人用完某物”,相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞,后面可接賓語,并可用于進(jìn)行時(shí)。如: We are running out of fuel.我們的燃料快用完了。 ◇ 2run out指“某物用完了”,為不及物動(dòng)詞,不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)。如: The fuel was rapidly running out.燃料很快就要用完了。 Time is running out.時(shí)間快到了。