圖五：
WRITING TASK 1
You should spend about 20 minutes on this task
The table below shows the average amount of time spent on household work by males and females in the UK.
Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown below.
You should write at least 150 words.
Males
(minutes per day) Females
(minutes per day)
Cleaning and Washing up 17 79
Gardening 56 24
Repairs 48 13
Ironing 12 35
Care for the Children 37 91
Care for other adults 4 3
Total 174 245
該圖列舉了六種家務(wù)活。我們可以把男性和女性在不同家務(wù)上所花費(fèi)的時間進(jìn)行對比，把這六種家務(wù)活分為三類進(jìn)行分類描寫，body里的一段可以這樣描寫：
(第一類，男性花費(fèi)的時間多于女性的類別)In two categories (gardening and repairs), males are actually found to be doing longer hours of housework than females. (第二類，男性少于女性的)By contrast, in other 3 categories (cleaning and washing up, ironing, care for the children), most of the work is done by women. Especially, women clean and wash for 79 minutes per day, more than four times longer than men (only 17 minutes). (第三類，男性女性一樣少的)Finally, both men and women seem to ignore other adults at home. They only spend a few minutes every day looking after them (four minutes by men and 3 by women).
這種分類的方式就屬于按照數(shù)據(jù)對比的結(jié)果分類。
三， 分類描寫時的相關(guān)詞匯和句式
在分類描寫時，運(yùn)用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~匯句式和連接手段，可以讓分類的思路得到更好的體現(xiàn)，使文章脈絡(luò)更為清晰，從而提高小作文“Coherence and Cohesion”這一項(xiàng)的得分。我們可以用 “ A comparison of ….shows that they fall into … categories/types” ，“… can be divided into … categories/types”等類似的句式直截了當(dāng)?shù)匾龇诸?，也可以通過連接詞的運(yùn)用來進(jìn)行類別之間的過渡。這樣的連接詞通常是表達(dá)轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系的連接詞，常用的有：副詞However, 詞組By comparison, In contrast, On the contrary, On the other hand；連詞while, whereas等。讀者可以參考前文的一些sample writing體會這些詞的用法（已用斜體字進(jìn)行標(biāo)注）。
四， 總結(jié)和相關(guān)練習(xí)
在實(shí)踐中筆者發(fā)現(xiàn)分類是一種運(yùn)用范圍很廣的并且非常行之有效的應(yīng)對圖表作文的思路，靈活地運(yùn)用分類的思路，有助考生寫出條理清晰，分析深刻的文章。當(dāng)然，這種思路的掌握，還需要輔以大量的相關(guān)練習(xí)讓學(xué)生加以體會，教師可以選擇劍橋系列教材上的一些例子作為參考練習(xí)
WRITING TASK 1
You should spend about 20 minutes on this task
The table below shows the average amount of time spent on household work by males and females in the UK.
Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown below.
You should write at least 150 words.
Males
(minutes per day) Females
(minutes per day)
Cleaning and Washing up 17 79
Gardening 56 24
Repairs 48 13
Ironing 12 35
Care for the Children 37 91
Care for other adults 4 3
Total 174 245
該圖列舉了六種家務(wù)活。我們可以把男性和女性在不同家務(wù)上所花費(fèi)的時間進(jìn)行對比，把這六種家務(wù)活分為三類進(jìn)行分類描寫，body里的一段可以這樣描寫：
(第一類，男性花費(fèi)的時間多于女性的類別)In two categories (gardening and repairs), males are actually found to be doing longer hours of housework than females. (第二類，男性少于女性的)By contrast, in other 3 categories (cleaning and washing up, ironing, care for the children), most of the work is done by women. Especially, women clean and wash for 79 minutes per day, more than four times longer than men (only 17 minutes). (第三類，男性女性一樣少的)Finally, both men and women seem to ignore other adults at home. They only spend a few minutes every day looking after them (four minutes by men and 3 by women).
這種分類的方式就屬于按照數(shù)據(jù)對比的結(jié)果分類。
三， 分類描寫時的相關(guān)詞匯和句式
在分類描寫時，運(yùn)用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~匯句式和連接手段，可以讓分類的思路得到更好的體現(xiàn)，使文章脈絡(luò)更為清晰，從而提高小作文“Coherence and Cohesion”這一項(xiàng)的得分。我們可以用 “ A comparison of ….shows that they fall into … categories/types” ，“… can be divided into … categories/types”等類似的句式直截了當(dāng)?shù)匾龇诸?，也可以通過連接詞的運(yùn)用來進(jìn)行類別之間的過渡。這樣的連接詞通常是表達(dá)轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系的連接詞，常用的有：副詞However, 詞組By comparison, In contrast, On the contrary, On the other hand；連詞while, whereas等。讀者可以參考前文的一些sample writing體會這些詞的用法（已用斜體字進(jìn)行標(biāo)注）。
四， 總結(jié)和相關(guān)練習(xí)
在實(shí)踐中筆者發(fā)現(xiàn)分類是一種運(yùn)用范圍很廣的并且非常行之有效的應(yīng)對圖表作文的思路，靈活地運(yùn)用分類的思路，有助考生寫出條理清晰，分析深刻的文章。當(dāng)然，這種思路的掌握，還需要輔以大量的相關(guān)練習(xí)讓學(xué)生加以體會，教師可以選擇劍橋系列教材上的一些例子作為參考練習(xí)