英語四級(CET4)應(yīng)試技巧7

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2.根據(jù)復(fù)述猜測詞義
    雖然復(fù)述不如定義那樣嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)、詳細(xì),但是提供的信息足以使閱讀者猜出生詞詞義。
    復(fù)述部分可以適當(dāng)詞、短語或是從句。
    同位語
    Semantics, the study of the meaning of words, is necessary if you are to speak and read intelligently.
    此例逗號中短語意為“對詞意義進(jìn)行研究的學(xué)科”。該短語與前面生詞semanties式
    同位關(guān)系,因此我們不難猜出semanties指“語義學(xué)”。
    在復(fù)述中構(gòu)成同位關(guān)系的兩部分之間多用逗號連接,有時也使用破折號,冒號,分號,引號,和括號等。
    Capacitance, or the ability to store electric charge, is one of the most common characteristics of electronic circuits.
    由同位語我們很快猜出生詞capacitance詞義---電容量。需要注意的是:同位語前還常有or, similarly, that is to say, in other words, namely, or other, say i. e. 等副詞或短語出現(xiàn)。
    定語從句
    Krabacber suffers from SAD, which is short for seasonal affective disorder,a syndrome characterized by severe seasonal mood swings.
    根據(jù)生詞SAD后面定語從句which is short for seasonal affective disorder和同位語 a syndrome characterized by severe seasonal mood swings, 我們可以推斷出SAD含義,即 “季節(jié)性情緒紊亂癥”。
    根據(jù)舉例猜測詞義
    恰當(dāng)?shù)呐e例能夠提供猜測生詞的重要線索,例如:
    The consequences of epochal events such as wars and great scientific discoveries are not confined to a small geographical area as they were in the past. 句中“戰(zhàn)爭”和“重大科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)”是生詞的實例,通過它們我們可以猜出epochal的大致詞義“重要的”,這與其確切含義“劃時代的”十分接近。
    二 內(nèi)在邏輯關(guān)系
    根據(jù)內(nèi)在邏輯關(guān)系推測詞義是指運(yùn)用語言知識分析和判斷相關(guān)信息之間存在的邏輯關(guān)系,然后根據(jù)邏輯關(guān)系推斷生詞詞義或大致義域。
    1. 根據(jù)對比關(guān)系猜測詞義
    在一個句子或段落中,有對兩個事物或現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行對比性的描 述,我們可以根據(jù)生詞或難詞的反義詞猜測其詞義。例如:
    Andrew is one of the most supercilious men I know. His brother, in contrast,is quite humble and modest.
    該例中supercilious對許多人來說可能是個生詞,但是句中短語in contrast,(相對照的,相對比的)可以提示我們 supercilious和后面詞組humble and modest(謙卑又謙虛)是對比關(guān)系。分析出這種關(guān)系后,我們便能猜出 supercilious意為“目空一切的,傲慢的”。