表示對(duì)比關(guān)系的詞匯和短語主要是unlike，not，but，however，despite，in spite of，in contrast 和while 引導(dǎo)的并列句等。
A good supervisor can recognize instantly the adept workers from the unskilled ones.
該句中并未出現(xiàn)上面提到的表示對(duì)比關(guān)系的詞或短語，但是通過上下文可以判斷出句子前后是對(duì)比關(guān)系，即把熟練工人與非熟練工人區(qū)分開。這時(shí)我們也能夠推斷出生詞adept的詞義，“熟練的”。
2． 根據(jù)比較關(guān)系猜測詞義
同對(duì)比關(guān)系相反，比較關(guān)系表示意義上的相似關(guān)系，例如：
Green loves to talk，and his brothers are similarly loquacious.
該句中副詞similarly表明短語loves to talk與生詞loquacious之間的比較關(guān)系。以此可以推斷出loquacious詞義為“健談的”。
表示比較關(guān)系的詞和短語主要是similarly，like，just as，also等。
3． 根據(jù)因果關(guān)系猜測詞義
在句子或段落種，若兩個(gè)事物、現(xiàn)象之間構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系，我們可以根據(jù)這種邏輯關(guān)系推知生詞詞義。例如：
Tom is considered an autocratic administrator because he makes decisions without seeking the opinions of others.
根據(jù)原因狀語從句的內(nèi)容，我們可以推斷出生詞autocratic指“獨(dú)斷專行的”。
There were so many demonstrators in the Red Square that he had to elbow his way through the crowd. 此句為結(jié)果狀語從句，根據(jù)從句的描書“許多*者”，我們便可推知elbow的詞意“擠，擠過”。
4． 根據(jù)同義詞的替代關(guān)系猜測詞義
在句子或段落種，我們可以利用熟悉的詞語，根據(jù)語言環(huán)境推斷生詞詞義。例如：
Although he often had the opportunity, Mr. Tritt was never able to steal money from a customer. This would have endangered his position at the bank,and he did not want to jeopardize his future.
作者為避免重復(fù)使用endanger一詞，用其同義詞jeopardize來替代它，由此推知其詞義為“使. . . 陷入危險(xiǎn)，危及、危害”。
Doctors believe that smoking cigarettes is detrimental to your health. They also regard drinking as harmful.
句中detrimental四個(gè)生詞，但判斷出harmful替代detrimental后，不難推斷出其詞義為“不利的，有害的”。
三 外部相關(guān)因素
外部相關(guān)因素是指篇章(句子或段落)以外的其他知識(shí)。有時(shí)僅靠分析篇章內(nèi)在邏輯關(guān)系無法猜出詞義。這時(shí),就需要運(yùn)用生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)和普通常識(shí)確定詞義。例如：
Husband：it’s really cold out tonight.
Wife: Sure it is. My hands are practically numb.
How about lighting the furnace?
A good supervisor can recognize instantly the adept workers from the unskilled ones.
該句中并未出現(xiàn)上面提到的表示對(duì)比關(guān)系的詞或短語，但是通過上下文可以判斷出句子前后是對(duì)比關(guān)系，即把熟練工人與非熟練工人區(qū)分開。這時(shí)我們也能夠推斷出生詞adept的詞義，“熟練的”。
2． 根據(jù)比較關(guān)系猜測詞義
同對(duì)比關(guān)系相反，比較關(guān)系表示意義上的相似關(guān)系，例如：
Green loves to talk，and his brothers are similarly loquacious.
該句中副詞similarly表明短語loves to talk與生詞loquacious之間的比較關(guān)系。以此可以推斷出loquacious詞義為“健談的”。
表示比較關(guān)系的詞和短語主要是similarly，like，just as，also等。
3． 根據(jù)因果關(guān)系猜測詞義
在句子或段落種，若兩個(gè)事物、現(xiàn)象之間構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系，我們可以根據(jù)這種邏輯關(guān)系推知生詞詞義。例如：
Tom is considered an autocratic administrator because he makes decisions without seeking the opinions of others.
根據(jù)原因狀語從句的內(nèi)容，我們可以推斷出生詞autocratic指“獨(dú)斷專行的”。
There were so many demonstrators in the Red Square that he had to elbow his way through the crowd. 此句為結(jié)果狀語從句，根據(jù)從句的描書“許多*者”，我們便可推知elbow的詞意“擠，擠過”。
4． 根據(jù)同義詞的替代關(guān)系猜測詞義
在句子或段落種，我們可以利用熟悉的詞語，根據(jù)語言環(huán)境推斷生詞詞義。例如：
Although he often had the opportunity, Mr. Tritt was never able to steal money from a customer. This would have endangered his position at the bank,and he did not want to jeopardize his future.
作者為避免重復(fù)使用endanger一詞，用其同義詞jeopardize來替代它，由此推知其詞義為“使. . . 陷入危險(xiǎn)，危及、危害”。
Doctors believe that smoking cigarettes is detrimental to your health. They also regard drinking as harmful.
句中detrimental四個(gè)生詞，但判斷出harmful替代detrimental后，不難推斷出其詞義為“不利的，有害的”。
三 外部相關(guān)因素
外部相關(guān)因素是指篇章(句子或段落)以外的其他知識(shí)。有時(shí)僅靠分析篇章內(nèi)在邏輯關(guān)系無法猜出詞義。這時(shí),就需要運(yùn)用生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)和普通常識(shí)確定詞義。例如：
Husband：it’s really cold out tonight.
Wife: Sure it is. My hands are practically numb.
How about lighting the furnace?