第三部分：概括大意與完成句子 （每題1分，共8分， 建議１０分鐘以內(nèi)完成）
閱讀下面這篇短文，短文后有2項測試任務：（1）1---4 題要求從所給的6個選項中為第2--5 段每段選擇1個正確的小標題；（2）第5--8題要求從所給的6個選項中選擇4個正確的選項，分別完成每個句子。請將答案涂在答題卡相應的位置上。
難度Ｂ／A級
Blasts from the past
1 Volcanoes were more destructive in ancient history．Not because they were bigger, but because the carbon dioxide they released wiped out 1ife with greater ease．
2 Paul Wignall from the University of Leeds was investigating the link between volcanic
eruptions and mass extinctions．Not a11 volcanic eruptions killed off large numbers of animals，but all the mass extinctions over the past 300 million years coincided with huge formations of volcanic rock．To his surprise，the older the massive volcanic eruptions were，the more damage they seemed to do．
3 Wignall calculated the“ killing efficiency ”for these volcanoes by comparing the
proportion ．ion of life they killed off with the volume of lava that they produced．He found that size for size，older eruptions were at least 1 0 times as effective at wiping out life as their more recent rivals．
4 The Permian extinction，for example，which happened 250 million years ago，is marked
by floods of volcanic rock in Siberia that cover an area roughly the size of western Europe．Those volcanoes are thought to have pumped out about 10 gigatonnes of carbon as carbon dioxide．The global warming that followed wiped out 80 per cent of all marine genera at the time。And it took 5 million years for the planet to recover．
5 Yet 60 million years ago in the late Palaeocene there was another huge amount of
volcanic activity and global warming but}Io mass extinction．Some animals did disappear but things returned to normal within ten thousands of years，“The most recent ones hardly have an effect at all?！?Wignall says．He ignored the extinction which wiped out the dinosaurs at the end of the Cretaceous，。65 million years ago，because many scientists believe it was primarily caused by the impact of an asteroid． ’
6 Wignall thinks that older volcanoes had more killing power because more recent life
forms were better adapted to dealing with increased levels of C02 ．Ocean chemistry may also have played a role．As the supercontinents broke up and exposed more coastline there may have been more weathering of silica rocks．This would have encouraged the growth of phytoplankton in the oceans。increasing me amount of C02 absorbed from the atmosphere．
7 Vincent Courtillot director of the Paris Geophysical Institute in France，says that
Wignall’s idea is provocative．But he says it is incredibly hard to do these sorts of calculations．He points out that the killing power of volcanic eruptions depends on how long they lasted．And it is impossible to tell whether the huge blasts lasted for thousands or millions of years。
8 Courtillot also adds t11at it is difficult to estimate how much 1ava prehistoric volcanoes produced , and that 1ava volume may not necessarily correspond to carbon dioxide or sulphur dioxide emissions．
練習：
1．Paragraph 2
2．Paragraph 3
3．Paragraph 4
4．Paragraph 5
A Killing Power of Ancient Volcanic Eruptions
B Association of Mass Extinctions with Volcanic Eruptions
C Calculation of the Killing Power of Older Eruptions
D A Mass Extinction
E V_0lcanic Eruptions That Caused no Mass Extinction
F Accounting for the Killing Power of Older Eruptions
5．Older eruptions were more devastating
6．The Permian extinction is used to illustrate
7．The cause of the extinction of dinosaurs
8．Courtillot rejects
A than more recent ones
B the killing efficiency for older eruptions
C has remained controversial
D Wignall’s calculations as acceptable
E has been known to us all
F his ideas
第四部分：閱讀理解（每題3分，共45分， 建議４０分鐘以內(nèi)完成）
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題，每道題后面有4個選項。請仔細閱讀短文并根據(jù)短文回答其后面的問題，從4個選項中選擇1個答案涂在答題卡相應的位置上。
難度Ｂ／C級
Inspecting a used car
The scariest part of buying a used car is not being completely sure of what condition it’s in．A car that’s been in a major accident is always a bigger risk，but sellers often try to hide this information．Andrew Bleakley, evaluator-inspector, runs a mobile vehicle inspection service in Montreal．For about$80 he will perform a full, unbiased inspection on a used vehicle．In his 10 years as a professional inspector, Bleakley has seen a lot．He warns, “Watch out for dealer demonstration vehicles which are used．not new．They may have been in a collision．”He adds mat it is not uncommon in Ontario and Quebec especially for unscrupulous sellers to roll back the odometer or to even disengage it．Bleakley has special tools to check for this．
Blealdey always recommends hiring an independent technician to inspect the condition of a used car before you buy it．The problem is finding someone qualified to do the inspection，which he says generally doesn’t mean just any mechanic，A thorough mechanical inspection includes checking the compression，all major systems，including the engine，electrical and charging systems，transmission and drive line，fluids，brakes，suspension，and steering．Essential，too，is all inspection of the car’s body and finally a road test．There are，however a few things everyone can do before buying a used car：
Do a visual check of the car．Look at the right rear door hinges．If they are very worn．Or the door doesn’t close well，the car may have been used as a taxi．Holes in the roof could mean the car was used for deliveries．
Check for oil 1eaks on the pavement．Note that 1eaks are not necessarily a significant
problem—it depends on the cause．
Don’t assume that new-looking brake and accelerator pedals mean the car hasn’t been
driven much．Resellers know people check these details and call buy new Pads for around $6.
Copy down the vehicle identification number(VlN), a 17-character combination of
numbers and letters，from the vehicle’s dashboard．In Ontario，ask the dealer or seller for the Used Vehicle Information Package．this gives details of previous owners，any outstanding liens on the car, and the fair market value of the vehicle．
練習：
1. According to the passage，in buying a second-hand vehicle it is most important to know
A)how long it has been used．
B)what color it is.
C)whether it has been in a collision．
D)whether it leaks oil．
2. All of the following are mentioned as tricks which dishonest second-hand Car dealers may play upon their customers EXCEPT
A)To re-Paint the car
B)To roll back the odometer．
C)T0 replace the old pedal．
D)T0 disengage the odometer．
3. “An independent technician” in the first sentence of the second paragraph means
A)a technician who checks a car free of charge．
B)a technician who learned his trade all by himself．
C)a technician who works for a particular car-dealer．
D)a technician who runs his own inspection service．
4.According to Bleakley, before buying a used Car all the inspection work Can
A)be done by a mechanic together with the dealer．
B)only be done by a qualified mechanic．
C)be done by the buyer himself．
D)be done by a qualified mechanic together with the buyer．
5. According to the passage，from which of the following Call the buyer obtain reliable
information of the previous owner?
A)The vehicle identification number．
B)The unbiased inspector．
C)The second．hand car dealer．
D)The Used Vehicle Information Package．
閱讀下面這篇短文，短文后有2項測試任務：（1）1---4 題要求從所給的6個選項中為第2--5 段每段選擇1個正確的小標題；（2）第5--8題要求從所給的6個選項中選擇4個正確的選項，分別完成每個句子。請將答案涂在答題卡相應的位置上。
難度Ｂ／A級
Blasts from the past
1 Volcanoes were more destructive in ancient history．Not because they were bigger, but because the carbon dioxide they released wiped out 1ife with greater ease．
2 Paul Wignall from the University of Leeds was investigating the link between volcanic
eruptions and mass extinctions．Not a11 volcanic eruptions killed off large numbers of animals，but all the mass extinctions over the past 300 million years coincided with huge formations of volcanic rock．To his surprise，the older the massive volcanic eruptions were，the more damage they seemed to do．
3 Wignall calculated the“ killing efficiency ”for these volcanoes by comparing the
proportion ．ion of life they killed off with the volume of lava that they produced．He found that size for size，older eruptions were at least 1 0 times as effective at wiping out life as their more recent rivals．
4 The Permian extinction，for example，which happened 250 million years ago，is marked
by floods of volcanic rock in Siberia that cover an area roughly the size of western Europe．Those volcanoes are thought to have pumped out about 10 gigatonnes of carbon as carbon dioxide．The global warming that followed wiped out 80 per cent of all marine genera at the time。And it took 5 million years for the planet to recover．
5 Yet 60 million years ago in the late Palaeocene there was another huge amount of
volcanic activity and global warming but}Io mass extinction．Some animals did disappear but things returned to normal within ten thousands of years，“The most recent ones hardly have an effect at all?！?Wignall says．He ignored the extinction which wiped out the dinosaurs at the end of the Cretaceous，。65 million years ago，because many scientists believe it was primarily caused by the impact of an asteroid． ’
6 Wignall thinks that older volcanoes had more killing power because more recent life
forms were better adapted to dealing with increased levels of C02 ．Ocean chemistry may also have played a role．As the supercontinents broke up and exposed more coastline there may have been more weathering of silica rocks．This would have encouraged the growth of phytoplankton in the oceans。increasing me amount of C02 absorbed from the atmosphere．
7 Vincent Courtillot director of the Paris Geophysical Institute in France，says that
Wignall’s idea is provocative．But he says it is incredibly hard to do these sorts of calculations．He points out that the killing power of volcanic eruptions depends on how long they lasted．And it is impossible to tell whether the huge blasts lasted for thousands or millions of years。
8 Courtillot also adds t11at it is difficult to estimate how much 1ava prehistoric volcanoes produced , and that 1ava volume may not necessarily correspond to carbon dioxide or sulphur dioxide emissions．
練習：
1．Paragraph 2
2．Paragraph 3
3．Paragraph 4
4．Paragraph 5
A Killing Power of Ancient Volcanic Eruptions
B Association of Mass Extinctions with Volcanic Eruptions
C Calculation of the Killing Power of Older Eruptions
D A Mass Extinction
E V_0lcanic Eruptions That Caused no Mass Extinction
F Accounting for the Killing Power of Older Eruptions
5．Older eruptions were more devastating
6．The Permian extinction is used to illustrate
7．The cause of the extinction of dinosaurs
8．Courtillot rejects
A than more recent ones
B the killing efficiency for older eruptions
C has remained controversial
D Wignall’s calculations as acceptable
E has been known to us all
F his ideas
第四部分：閱讀理解（每題3分，共45分， 建議４０分鐘以內(nèi)完成）
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題，每道題后面有4個選項。請仔細閱讀短文并根據(jù)短文回答其后面的問題，從4個選項中選擇1個答案涂在答題卡相應的位置上。
難度Ｂ／C級
Inspecting a used car
The scariest part of buying a used car is not being completely sure of what condition it’s in．A car that’s been in a major accident is always a bigger risk，but sellers often try to hide this information．Andrew Bleakley, evaluator-inspector, runs a mobile vehicle inspection service in Montreal．For about$80 he will perform a full, unbiased inspection on a used vehicle．In his 10 years as a professional inspector, Bleakley has seen a lot．He warns, “Watch out for dealer demonstration vehicles which are used．not new．They may have been in a collision．”He adds mat it is not uncommon in Ontario and Quebec especially for unscrupulous sellers to roll back the odometer or to even disengage it．Bleakley has special tools to check for this．
Blealdey always recommends hiring an independent technician to inspect the condition of a used car before you buy it．The problem is finding someone qualified to do the inspection，which he says generally doesn’t mean just any mechanic，A thorough mechanical inspection includes checking the compression，all major systems，including the engine，electrical and charging systems，transmission and drive line，fluids，brakes，suspension，and steering．Essential，too，is all inspection of the car’s body and finally a road test．There are，however a few things everyone can do before buying a used car：
Do a visual check of the car．Look at the right rear door hinges．If they are very worn．Or the door doesn’t close well，the car may have been used as a taxi．Holes in the roof could mean the car was used for deliveries．
Check for oil 1eaks on the pavement．Note that 1eaks are not necessarily a significant
problem—it depends on the cause．
Don’t assume that new-looking brake and accelerator pedals mean the car hasn’t been
driven much．Resellers know people check these details and call buy new Pads for around $6.
Copy down the vehicle identification number(VlN), a 17-character combination of
numbers and letters，from the vehicle’s dashboard．In Ontario，ask the dealer or seller for the Used Vehicle Information Package．this gives details of previous owners，any outstanding liens on the car, and the fair market value of the vehicle．
練習：
1. According to the passage，in buying a second-hand vehicle it is most important to know
A)how long it has been used．
B)what color it is.
C)whether it has been in a collision．
D)whether it leaks oil．
2. All of the following are mentioned as tricks which dishonest second-hand Car dealers may play upon their customers EXCEPT
A)To re-Paint the car
B)To roll back the odometer．
C)T0 replace the old pedal．
D)T0 disengage the odometer．
3. “An independent technician” in the first sentence of the second paragraph means
A)a technician who checks a car free of charge．
B)a technician who learned his trade all by himself．
C)a technician who works for a particular car-dealer．
D)a technician who runs his own inspection service．
4.According to Bleakley, before buying a used Car all the inspection work Can
A)be done by a mechanic together with the dealer．
B)only be done by a qualified mechanic．
C)be done by the buyer himself．
D)be done by a qualified mechanic together with the buyer．
5. According to the passage，from which of the following Call the buyer obtain reliable
information of the previous owner?
A)The vehicle identification number．
B)The unbiased inspector．
C)The second．hand car dealer．
D)The Used Vehicle Information Package．