If courses in design，which in a strongly analytical(分析的)engineering curriculum provide the background required for practical problem-solving，are not provided，we can expect to
encounter silly but costly errors occurring in advanced engineering systems．For example．early modes of high-speed railroad cars loaded with high-tech controls were unable to operate in a snowstorm because the fan sucked snow into the electrical system．Random failures that bring automatic control systems into trouble are a reflection of the chaos that results when design is assumed to be primarily a problem in mathematics.
36 The passage is mainly concemed with
A the modes of thinking that are used by technologists．
B the importance of nonverbal thinking in engineering design．
C the new role for nonscientific thinking in engineering．
D the difference between the goals of engineers and those of technologists．
37 Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an example involving nonverbal thinking in paragraphs 1 and 2?
A Building cathedrals．
B Creating rockets．
C Designing diesel engines．
D Making boats．
38 The example of the diesel engine is used in the passage to illustrate that
A errors in engineering design are unavoidable．
B the nonscientific component design is primary．
C mathematics is a necessary part of the study of design．
D design courses form a part of engineering curricula．
39 It can be inferred that the writer thinks that engineering curricula are
A strengthened when they include courses in design．
B weakened by the courses designed to develop mathematical skills．
C weak because they include some nonscientific components．
D strong despite the absence of nonscientific modes of thinking?
40 What contributes to random failures in automatic control systems?
A Using too many inexperienced engineers in the field．
B Attaching too much importance to nonverbal thinking in engineering.
C Relying too heavily on the role of mathematics in design．
D Depending very little on verbal mathematical thought.
第三篇 Black Hoies
What is a black hole?Well，it's difficult to answer this question，since the terms we normally use to describe a scientific phenomenon are inadequate here．Astronomers and scientists think that a black hole is a region of space(not a thing)into which matter has fallen and from which nothing can escape-not even light．So we can't see a black hole．A black hole exerts(施加)a strong gravitational(重力的)pull and yet it has no matter．It is only space-or so we think. How can this happen?
The theory is that some stars explode when their density increases to a particular point；they"collapse"and sometimes a supernova(超新星)occurs．The collapse of a star may produce a
"White Dwarf (白矮星)"of a"neutron star"一a star whose matter is so dense that lt continually shrinks by the force of its own gravity．But if the star is very large this process of shrinking may be so intense that a black hole results．Imagine the earth reduced to the size of a marble，but still having the same mass and a stronger gravitational pull，and you have some idea of the force of a black hole．Any matter near the black hole is sucked in．It is impossible to say what happens inside a black hole．
Our space and time laws don't seem to apply to objects in the area of a black hole.Einstein's relativity theory is the only one that can explain such phenomena．Einstein claimed that matter
and energy are interchangeable．so that there is no"absolute"time and space. There are no constants at all, and measurements of time and space depend on the position of the observer-they are relative．Einstein's theory provided a basis for the idea of black holes before astronomers started to find some evidence for their existence．It is only recently that astronomers have begun
specific research into black holes．
encounter silly but costly errors occurring in advanced engineering systems．For example．early modes of high-speed railroad cars loaded with high-tech controls were unable to operate in a snowstorm because the fan sucked snow into the electrical system．Random failures that bring automatic control systems into trouble are a reflection of the chaos that results when design is assumed to be primarily a problem in mathematics.
36 The passage is mainly concemed with
A the modes of thinking that are used by technologists．
B the importance of nonverbal thinking in engineering design．
C the new role for nonscientific thinking in engineering．
D the difference between the goals of engineers and those of technologists．
37 Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an example involving nonverbal thinking in paragraphs 1 and 2?
A Building cathedrals．
B Creating rockets．
C Designing diesel engines．
D Making boats．
38 The example of the diesel engine is used in the passage to illustrate that
A errors in engineering design are unavoidable．
B the nonscientific component design is primary．
C mathematics is a necessary part of the study of design．
D design courses form a part of engineering curricula．
39 It can be inferred that the writer thinks that engineering curricula are
A strengthened when they include courses in design．
B weakened by the courses designed to develop mathematical skills．
C weak because they include some nonscientific components．
D strong despite the absence of nonscientific modes of thinking?
40 What contributes to random failures in automatic control systems?
A Using too many inexperienced engineers in the field．
B Attaching too much importance to nonverbal thinking in engineering.
C Relying too heavily on the role of mathematics in design．
D Depending very little on verbal mathematical thought.
第三篇 Black Hoies
What is a black hole?Well，it's difficult to answer this question，since the terms we normally use to describe a scientific phenomenon are inadequate here．Astronomers and scientists think that a black hole is a region of space(not a thing)into which matter has fallen and from which nothing can escape-not even light．So we can't see a black hole．A black hole exerts(施加)a strong gravitational(重力的)pull and yet it has no matter．It is only space-or so we think. How can this happen?
The theory is that some stars explode when their density increases to a particular point；they"collapse"and sometimes a supernova(超新星)occurs．The collapse of a star may produce a
"White Dwarf (白矮星)"of a"neutron star"一a star whose matter is so dense that lt continually shrinks by the force of its own gravity．But if the star is very large this process of shrinking may be so intense that a black hole results．Imagine the earth reduced to the size of a marble，but still having the same mass and a stronger gravitational pull，and you have some idea of the force of a black hole．Any matter near the black hole is sucked in．It is impossible to say what happens inside a black hole．
Our space and time laws don't seem to apply to objects in the area of a black hole.Einstein's relativity theory is the only one that can explain such phenomena．Einstein claimed that matter
and energy are interchangeable．so that there is no"absolute"time and space. There are no constants at all, and measurements of time and space depend on the position of the observer-they are relative．Einstein's theory provided a basis for the idea of black holes before astronomers started to find some evidence for their existence．It is only recently that astronomers have begun
specific research into black holes．