LESSON 17 Always young
1.兩種年齡表示法。一種是“數(shù)字+years old”,作表語(yǔ):
My father is fifty-seven, years old now.
我父親現(xiàn)在已57歲了。
另一種是“數(shù)字+ -year-old”,作定語(yǔ):
Last week, my four-year-old daughter, Sally, was in
vited to a children's party.
上周,我4歲的女兒薩莉應(yīng)邀去參加一個(gè)兒童晚會(huì)。
2.in spite of為固定短語(yǔ),意為“不管”、“盡管”,后面可以跟名詞、代詞或從句:
In spite of the rain, they went on their journey.
盡管下雨,他們還是繼續(xù)旅行。
In spite of what you have said about her, she is much better than Mary.
不管你說(shuō)她什么,她比瑪麗要好得多。
in spite of this:盡管如此
3.Darling, it must be terrible to be grown up! 親愛(ài)的,長(zhǎng)成大人真可怕??!
it 為先行詞,代替 to be grown up,這個(gè)不定式是句子真正的主語(yǔ)。再如:
it is a pleasant thing to have many friends.
有許多朋友是件令人愉悅的事。
4.take part in,join,attend(參加)的區(qū)別:
join: join sb/sth 參加了某一種團(tuán)體
join the army:參軍
join the party:入黨
join us:(口語(yǔ))加入我們中來(lái)
take part in:參加某一種活動(dòng)
take part in the race:參加比賽
take part in a play
take part in the party
attend;出席
attend meeting;參加會(huì)議,出席會(huì)議
attend the party:出席宴會(huì)
attend class:上課
5.as
1.介詞,“作為” As a young girl...
2.代詞,“正如” As I learned,...
3.連詞,=because As I am busy...
4.連詞,=when,“當(dāng)……時(shí)” As I was leaving the house,...
5.方式狀語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞 Do as you are told.
6.“作為……工作” I work as...
6.dress,suit,costume
dress:裙子,晚禮服,連衣裙(女式)
suit:套裝(男式)
costume:演出服,民族服裝,某一年代的服裝
7.情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞 must
(1) must 一般譯為“必須”,可以表示“必要”、“命令或強(qiáng)制”、“邀請(qǐng)”、“決心”、“不可推卸的責(zé)任”等多種含義。它沒(méi)有時(shí)態(tài)和人稱(chēng)變化,通常只用于現(xiàn)在時(shí)和將來(lái)時(shí)。在其他時(shí)態(tài)中,must的有些含義可以由have to或 have got to來(lái)補(bǔ)足。這 3種形式一般可以互換,但彼此是有差別的。用于第一人稱(chēng)時(shí),have to和have got to強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀的要求或外在的原因,must則強(qiáng)調(diào)主觀的要求或表示說(shuō)話的人認(rèn)為自己有權(quán)做某事:
I have to look after the baby.
我得照管這孩子。(因?yàn)榭陀^原因)
I must see the boss.
我必須見(jiàn)老板。(主觀要求)
They must leave (tomorrow).
他們(明天)必須出發(fā)。
They had to leave.
他們(當(dāng)時(shí))不得不出發(fā)。(過(guò)去時(shí)中用 have to 代替)
They have had to leave.
(譯文同上)
(2)have to和 have got to往往可以互換:
I have to/have got to leave home every morning at 7:30.
我每天早上7點(diǎn)半就得離開(kāi)家。
但是,與always,sometimes 等頻度副詞連用時(shí),用have to往往比用have got to好:
I often have to get up at 5. Do you ever have to get up at 5?
我經(jīng)常5點(diǎn)就得起床。你有時(shí)候也得5點(diǎn)起床嗎?
have got to比have to聽(tīng)上去要更加口語(yǔ)化一些:
(3)在表達(dá)“難道你不能不(做……)”的含義時(shí),一般用“Must you…?”句型而不用“Do you have to…?”或“Have you got to…?”句型:
(4)must還可以用來(lái)表示推測(cè):
He must be at home now.
他現(xiàn)在肯定在家。
He must be mad to drive anywhere today!
他今天居然開(kāi)車(chē)出去,真是瘋了!
1.兩種年齡表示法。一種是“數(shù)字+years old”,作表語(yǔ):
My father is fifty-seven, years old now.
我父親現(xiàn)在已57歲了。
另一種是“數(shù)字+ -year-old”,作定語(yǔ):
Last week, my four-year-old daughter, Sally, was in
vited to a children's party.
上周,我4歲的女兒薩莉應(yīng)邀去參加一個(gè)兒童晚會(huì)。
2.in spite of為固定短語(yǔ),意為“不管”、“盡管”,后面可以跟名詞、代詞或從句:
In spite of the rain, they went on their journey.
盡管下雨,他們還是繼續(xù)旅行。
In spite of what you have said about her, she is much better than Mary.
不管你說(shuō)她什么,她比瑪麗要好得多。
in spite of this:盡管如此
3.Darling, it must be terrible to be grown up! 親愛(ài)的,長(zhǎng)成大人真可怕??!
it 為先行詞,代替 to be grown up,這個(gè)不定式是句子真正的主語(yǔ)。再如:
it is a pleasant thing to have many friends.
有許多朋友是件令人愉悅的事。
4.take part in,join,attend(參加)的區(qū)別:
join: join sb/sth 參加了某一種團(tuán)體
join the army:參軍
join the party:入黨
join us:(口語(yǔ))加入我們中來(lái)
take part in:參加某一種活動(dòng)
take part in the race:參加比賽
take part in a play
take part in the party
attend;出席
attend meeting;參加會(huì)議,出席會(huì)議
attend the party:出席宴會(huì)
attend class:上課
5.as
1.介詞,“作為” As a young girl...
2.代詞,“正如” As I learned,...
3.連詞,=because As I am busy...
4.連詞,=when,“當(dāng)……時(shí)” As I was leaving the house,...
5.方式狀語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞 Do as you are told.
6.“作為……工作” I work as...
6.dress,suit,costume
dress:裙子,晚禮服,連衣裙(女式)
suit:套裝(男式)
costume:演出服,民族服裝,某一年代的服裝
7.情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞 must
(1) must 一般譯為“必須”,可以表示“必要”、“命令或強(qiáng)制”、“邀請(qǐng)”、“決心”、“不可推卸的責(zé)任”等多種含義。它沒(méi)有時(shí)態(tài)和人稱(chēng)變化,通常只用于現(xiàn)在時(shí)和將來(lái)時(shí)。在其他時(shí)態(tài)中,must的有些含義可以由have to或 have got to來(lái)補(bǔ)足。這 3種形式一般可以互換,但彼此是有差別的。用于第一人稱(chēng)時(shí),have to和have got to強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀的要求或外在的原因,must則強(qiáng)調(diào)主觀的要求或表示說(shuō)話的人認(rèn)為自己有權(quán)做某事:
I have to look after the baby.
我得照管這孩子。(因?yàn)榭陀^原因)
I must see the boss.
我必須見(jiàn)老板。(主觀要求)
They must leave (tomorrow).
他們(明天)必須出發(fā)。
They had to leave.
他們(當(dāng)時(shí))不得不出發(fā)。(過(guò)去時(shí)中用 have to 代替)
They have had to leave.
(譯文同上)
(2)have to和 have got to往往可以互換:
I have to/have got to leave home every morning at 7:30.
我每天早上7點(diǎn)半就得離開(kāi)家。
但是,與always,sometimes 等頻度副詞連用時(shí),用have to往往比用have got to好:
I often have to get up at 5. Do you ever have to get up at 5?
我經(jīng)常5點(diǎn)就得起床。你有時(shí)候也得5點(diǎn)起床嗎?
have got to比have to聽(tīng)上去要更加口語(yǔ)化一些:
(3)在表達(dá)“難道你不能不(做……)”的含義時(shí),一般用“Must you…?”句型而不用“Do you have to…?”或“Have you got to…?”句型:
(4)must還可以用來(lái)表示推測(cè):
He must be at home now.
他現(xiàn)在肯定在家。
He must be mad to drive anywhere today!
他今天居然開(kāi)車(chē)出去,真是瘋了!