世貿(mào)有"成員"。關(guān)貿(mào)總協(xié)定有"締約方",強(qiáng)調(diào)了關(guān)貿(mào)總協(xié)定正式而言是一個(gè)法律文本。
The WTO has "members". GATT had "contracting parties", underscoring the fact that officially GATT was a legal text.
關(guān)貿(mào)總協(xié)定管的是貨物貿(mào)易,世貿(mào)還管服務(wù)貿(mào)易和知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)。
GATT dealt with trade in goods. The WTO covers services and intellectual property as well.
世貿(mào)爭(zhēng)端解決體系較關(guān)貿(mào)總協(xié)定更迅速,更主動(dòng),其裁決不受阻撓。
The WTO dispute settlement system is faster, more automatic than the old GATT system. Its rulings cannot be blocked.
二、WTO小知識(shí)點(diǎn):
國(guó)民待遇——給予外國(guó)人和本國(guó)人一樣的待遇。
National treatment——giving others the same treatment as one's own nationals
諸邊協(xié)議——指幾個(gè)世貿(mào)成員之間,而非全體成員之間簽署的協(xié)議,如《民用航空器協(xié)議》( Agreement on Trade in Civil Aircraft)和《政府采購(gòu)協(xié)議》 (Agreement on Government Procurement)。
Plurilaterals——signed by only a few WTO members rather than all
WTO歷任總干事:
The directors-general of WTO
Peter Sutherland (Ireland) GATT 1993-1994; WTO 1995
彼得·薩瑟蘭 (愛爾蘭),1993-1994年(GATT),1995年(WTO)
Renato Ruggiero (Italy) 1995-1999
雷納托·魯杰羅 (意大利) 1995-1999年
Director General in office: Mike Moore (Australia) 1999-2001
現(xiàn)任: 邁克·穆爾 (澳大利亞) 1999-2001年
綜合支持總量——是計(jì)算成員對(duì)于農(nóng)業(yè)支持量(這種支持是要削減的)的一種計(jì)算方法,算出他們?cè)?986-1988年基期,每年給農(nóng)業(yè)部門的支持量。發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家同意從1995年起,用6年時(shí)間將這些數(shù)字減少20%。發(fā)展中國(guó)家用10年時(shí)間削減13%。最不發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家不用削減。
"Total aggregate measurement of support" or "Total AMS"—— a measurement calculating how much support is provided to the agricultural sector per year in the base years of 1986-1988. Developed countries have agreed to reduce these figures by 20% over six years starting in 1995. Developing countries are making 13% cuts over 10 years. Least developed countries do not need to make any cuts.
微量支持(de minimis support)——
WTO成員對(duì)于農(nóng)業(yè)的一種支持,屬黃箱(yellow box)政策,不用被削減。因?yàn)樗鼘?duì)農(nóng)業(yè)的影響很小。據(jù)世貿(mào)的《農(nóng)業(yè)協(xié)定》(Agreement on Agriculture)對(duì)于發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家而言,微量支持水平(de minimis level)為不超過一種產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)總值的5%,對(duì)于非特定產(chǎn)品支持,為農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)總值的5%;對(duì)于發(fā)展中國(guó)家,微量支持水平的值是10%。
The WTO has "members". GATT had "contracting parties", underscoring the fact that officially GATT was a legal text.
關(guān)貿(mào)總協(xié)定管的是貨物貿(mào)易,世貿(mào)還管服務(wù)貿(mào)易和知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)。
GATT dealt with trade in goods. The WTO covers services and intellectual property as well.
世貿(mào)爭(zhēng)端解決體系較關(guān)貿(mào)總協(xié)定更迅速,更主動(dòng),其裁決不受阻撓。
The WTO dispute settlement system is faster, more automatic than the old GATT system. Its rulings cannot be blocked.
二、WTO小知識(shí)點(diǎn):
國(guó)民待遇——給予外國(guó)人和本國(guó)人一樣的待遇。
National treatment——giving others the same treatment as one's own nationals
諸邊協(xié)議——指幾個(gè)世貿(mào)成員之間,而非全體成員之間簽署的協(xié)議,如《民用航空器協(xié)議》( Agreement on Trade in Civil Aircraft)和《政府采購(gòu)協(xié)議》 (Agreement on Government Procurement)。
Plurilaterals——signed by only a few WTO members rather than all
WTO歷任總干事:
The directors-general of WTO
Peter Sutherland (Ireland) GATT 1993-1994; WTO 1995
彼得·薩瑟蘭 (愛爾蘭),1993-1994年(GATT),1995年(WTO)
Renato Ruggiero (Italy) 1995-1999
雷納托·魯杰羅 (意大利) 1995-1999年
Director General in office: Mike Moore (Australia) 1999-2001
現(xiàn)任: 邁克·穆爾 (澳大利亞) 1999-2001年
綜合支持總量——是計(jì)算成員對(duì)于農(nóng)業(yè)支持量(這種支持是要削減的)的一種計(jì)算方法,算出他們?cè)?986-1988年基期,每年給農(nóng)業(yè)部門的支持量。發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家同意從1995年起,用6年時(shí)間將這些數(shù)字減少20%。發(fā)展中國(guó)家用10年時(shí)間削減13%。最不發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家不用削減。
"Total aggregate measurement of support" or "Total AMS"—— a measurement calculating how much support is provided to the agricultural sector per year in the base years of 1986-1988. Developed countries have agreed to reduce these figures by 20% over six years starting in 1995. Developing countries are making 13% cuts over 10 years. Least developed countries do not need to make any cuts.
微量支持(de minimis support)——
WTO成員對(duì)于農(nóng)業(yè)的一種支持,屬黃箱(yellow box)政策,不用被削減。因?yàn)樗鼘?duì)農(nóng)業(yè)的影響很小。據(jù)世貿(mào)的《農(nóng)業(yè)協(xié)定》(Agreement on Agriculture)對(duì)于發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家而言,微量支持水平(de minimis level)為不超過一種產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)總值的5%,對(duì)于非特定產(chǎn)品支持,為農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)總值的5%;對(duì)于發(fā)展中國(guó)家,微量支持水平的值是10%。