第四部分：閱讀理解（每題3分，共45分， 建議40分鐘以內(nèi)完成）
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題，每道題后面有4個選項。請仔細閱讀短文并根據(jù)短文回答其后面的問題，從4個選項中選擇1個答案涂在答題卡相應的位置上。
Pushbike Peril
Low speed bicycle crashes can badly injure--or even kill--children if they fall onto the ends of the handlebars so a team of engineers is redesigning the humble handlebar in a bid to make it safer.
Kristy Arbogast, a bioengineer at the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia in Pennsylvania, began the project with her colleagues after a study of serious abdominal injuries in children in the past 30 years showed that mol-e than a third were caused by bicycle accidents．”the task was to identify how the injuries occurred and come up with some countermeasures．” she says.
By interviewing the children and their parents，Arbogast and her team were able toreconstruct many of the accidents and identified a common mechanism responsible for serious injures. They discovered that most occur when children hit an obstacle at a slow speed，causing them to topple over. To maintain their balance they turn the handlebars through 90degrees——but their momentum forces them into the end of the handlebars The bike then falls over and the other end of the handlebars hits the ground，ramming it into their abdomen.
The solution the group came up with is a handgrip fitted with a spring and damping system. The spring absorbs up to 50 per cent of the forces transmitted through the handlebars in an impact，The group hopes to commercialize the device，which should add only a few dollars to the cost of a bike. “But our task has been one of education because up until now, bicycle manufacturer were unaware of the problem，”says Arbogast.
The team has also approached the US Consumer Product Safety Commission to try to persuade manufacturers to adopt the new design A decision is expected later this year．
詞匯：
handlebar n(常用復數(shù))(自行車等的)車把 abdominal adj 腹部的 redesign v 重新設計
bioengineer n 生物工程師 reconstruct vt．重建；重構
countermeasure n 對策 abdomen n 膜，腹部
momentum n沖力 handgrip n握柄
damping adj 制動的．減速的，緩沖的 commercialize vt 使商品化
1 According to the passage，SOme engineers are trying to improve the handlebars because
A)they are not noble enough，
B)they may kill children
C)they are likely to crash
D)they make the bike move at a low speed
2 In paragraph 2, the author mentions a study of serious abdominal injuries
A)to discuss how abdominal injuries in children occur,
B)to show that more than a third injuries were caused by bicycle accidents.
C)to point out what the countermeasures can be.
D)to tell us why Kristy Arbogast began the project
3 Paragraph 3 mainly discusses
A)why the children and their parents were interviewed
B)when the children tom the handlebars through 90 degrees，
C)what causes the children to topple over
D)how serious injuries occur
4 The passage implies that
A)it is not easy to persuade manufacturers to adopt the new design.
B)the team of engineers has not found any countermeasures
C)children like to ride bicycles at a very low speed．
D)a lot of children were killed in bicycle accidents in the past 30 years
5 The new handgrip works in which of the following ways?
A)It call be commercialized．
B)It reduces the dangerous forces in bicycle accidents
C)It adds a few dollars to the cost of a bike
D)It changes the direction of the handlebars in all impact．
Cousteau Remembered
Jacques-Ives Cousteau died in Paris on 26 June，1997 at the age of 87．His influence is great．Scientists respected his creative engineering；engineers praised his science．Cousteau，who claimed to be neither scientist nor engineer，contributed significantly to both disciplines—and to many more．
Throughout his adventure—filled life，Cousteau challenged definitions．Yes，he was a captain in the French Navy，and early on，a filmmaker and natural storyteller．Later，he became a famous ocean explorer，designer of underwater equipment，expedition leader，author，speaker, businessman，environmentalist，teacher and leader of an influential organization (the Cousteau Society)．
A11 who care about the sea—and even those who don’t think much about the ocean one way or another一owe Cousteau a tremendous debt，The knowledge gained as a consequence of his direct contributions, and the strong others，have transformed the way the world thinks about the sea．His stories of encounters with sharks and other fish inspired many to go see themselves．Cousteau pioneered ventures in underwater living in the 1960’s：sub—sea labs where scientists submerged for days or weeks．．．——the underwater labs similar to Skylab or the space station．His films and television programmes won two Academy Rewards，three Emnies，and the hearts and minds of viewers worldwide for decades．
Showered with honours．Cousteau remarked recently that he thought his most important accomplishment was to make people aware of——and care about——the ocean．Thanks to him．we grew concerned about our growing population and the consequences of overfishing and ocean pollution that threaten the health of the sea，and we were inspired to do something to improve the way things are done．
We shared the sad feeling with Cousteau when Simone，his wife and partner for many years， died and when his son Phillippe was killed in a plane crash．We shared his joy when Jean—Michael，his eldest son．became an explorer and a spokesman for the sea in his own right．We were happy for Cousteau when he began a new family with his second wife，F(xiàn)racine．And now that his voice of the ocean is silenced，we feel very sad．
1．According to the passage，Cousteau’s influence is great because he
A)was both a scientist and an engineer．
B)invented Skylab．
C)made contributions to science and engineering．
D)was a captain in the French Navy．
2．From the second paragraph，we know that
A)Cousteau did not like any scientific definitions．
B)Cousteau wrote many adventure—filled stories．
C)Cousteau’s main job was protecting environment．
D)Cousteau’s contributions were not limited to science and engineering．
3．of all me careers he followed，his main concern was concentrated on
A)building the sub-water labs．
B)ocean and ocean pollution．
C)making films and television programmes．
D)writing encounters with sea animals，such as sharks.
4．What debt do we owe Cousteau according to Paragraphs 3 and 47
A)His work has made us realise we should improve the way things are done．
B)His contributions have pushed science toward a higher stage of development．
c)His invention of sub．sea labs has made ocean exploration easier．
D)His adventures have made people go and see the sea．
5．Which of the following statements about Cousteau’s family life is NOT true?
A)His second wife died sometime ago。
B)His son Phillippe was killed in a plane crash．
C)His first wife died before Cousteau．
D)His elder son became the spokesman for the sea
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題，每道題后面有4個選項。請仔細閱讀短文并根據(jù)短文回答其后面的問題，從4個選項中選擇1個答案涂在答題卡相應的位置上。
Pushbike Peril
Low speed bicycle crashes can badly injure--or even kill--children if they fall onto the ends of the handlebars so a team of engineers is redesigning the humble handlebar in a bid to make it safer.
Kristy Arbogast, a bioengineer at the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia in Pennsylvania, began the project with her colleagues after a study of serious abdominal injuries in children in the past 30 years showed that mol-e than a third were caused by bicycle accidents．”the task was to identify how the injuries occurred and come up with some countermeasures．” she says.
By interviewing the children and their parents，Arbogast and her team were able toreconstruct many of the accidents and identified a common mechanism responsible for serious injures. They discovered that most occur when children hit an obstacle at a slow speed，causing them to topple over. To maintain their balance they turn the handlebars through 90degrees——but their momentum forces them into the end of the handlebars The bike then falls over and the other end of the handlebars hits the ground，ramming it into their abdomen.
The solution the group came up with is a handgrip fitted with a spring and damping system. The spring absorbs up to 50 per cent of the forces transmitted through the handlebars in an impact，The group hopes to commercialize the device，which should add only a few dollars to the cost of a bike. “But our task has been one of education because up until now, bicycle manufacturer were unaware of the problem，”says Arbogast.
The team has also approached the US Consumer Product Safety Commission to try to persuade manufacturers to adopt the new design A decision is expected later this year．
詞匯：
handlebar n(常用復數(shù))(自行車等的)車把 abdominal adj 腹部的 redesign v 重新設計
bioengineer n 生物工程師 reconstruct vt．重建；重構
countermeasure n 對策 abdomen n 膜，腹部
momentum n沖力 handgrip n握柄
damping adj 制動的．減速的，緩沖的 commercialize vt 使商品化
1 According to the passage，SOme engineers are trying to improve the handlebars because
A)they are not noble enough，
B)they may kill children
C)they are likely to crash
D)they make the bike move at a low speed
2 In paragraph 2, the author mentions a study of serious abdominal injuries
A)to discuss how abdominal injuries in children occur,
B)to show that more than a third injuries were caused by bicycle accidents.
C)to point out what the countermeasures can be.
D)to tell us why Kristy Arbogast began the project
3 Paragraph 3 mainly discusses
A)why the children and their parents were interviewed
B)when the children tom the handlebars through 90 degrees，
C)what causes the children to topple over
D)how serious injuries occur
4 The passage implies that
A)it is not easy to persuade manufacturers to adopt the new design.
B)the team of engineers has not found any countermeasures
C)children like to ride bicycles at a very low speed．
D)a lot of children were killed in bicycle accidents in the past 30 years
5 The new handgrip works in which of the following ways?
A)It call be commercialized．
B)It reduces the dangerous forces in bicycle accidents
C)It adds a few dollars to the cost of a bike
D)It changes the direction of the handlebars in all impact．
Cousteau Remembered
Jacques-Ives Cousteau died in Paris on 26 June，1997 at the age of 87．His influence is great．Scientists respected his creative engineering；engineers praised his science．Cousteau，who claimed to be neither scientist nor engineer，contributed significantly to both disciplines—and to many more．
Throughout his adventure—filled life，Cousteau challenged definitions．Yes，he was a captain in the French Navy，and early on，a filmmaker and natural storyteller．Later，he became a famous ocean explorer，designer of underwater equipment，expedition leader，author，speaker, businessman，environmentalist，teacher and leader of an influential organization (the Cousteau Society)．
A11 who care about the sea—and even those who don’t think much about the ocean one way or another一owe Cousteau a tremendous debt，The knowledge gained as a consequence of his direct contributions, and the strong others，have transformed the way the world thinks about the sea．His stories of encounters with sharks and other fish inspired many to go see themselves．Cousteau pioneered ventures in underwater living in the 1960’s：sub—sea labs where scientists submerged for days or weeks．．．——the underwater labs similar to Skylab or the space station．His films and television programmes won two Academy Rewards，three Emnies，and the hearts and minds of viewers worldwide for decades．
Showered with honours．Cousteau remarked recently that he thought his most important accomplishment was to make people aware of——and care about——the ocean．Thanks to him．we grew concerned about our growing population and the consequences of overfishing and ocean pollution that threaten the health of the sea，and we were inspired to do something to improve the way things are done．
We shared the sad feeling with Cousteau when Simone，his wife and partner for many years， died and when his son Phillippe was killed in a plane crash．We shared his joy when Jean—Michael，his eldest son．became an explorer and a spokesman for the sea in his own right．We were happy for Cousteau when he began a new family with his second wife，F(xiàn)racine．And now that his voice of the ocean is silenced，we feel very sad．
1．According to the passage，Cousteau’s influence is great because he
A)was both a scientist and an engineer．
B)invented Skylab．
C)made contributions to science and engineering．
D)was a captain in the French Navy．
2．From the second paragraph，we know that
A)Cousteau did not like any scientific definitions．
B)Cousteau wrote many adventure—filled stories．
C)Cousteau’s main job was protecting environment．
D)Cousteau’s contributions were not limited to science and engineering．
3．of all me careers he followed，his main concern was concentrated on
A)building the sub-water labs．
B)ocean and ocean pollution．
C)making films and television programmes．
D)writing encounters with sea animals，such as sharks.
4．What debt do we owe Cousteau according to Paragraphs 3 and 47
A)His work has made us realise we should improve the way things are done．
B)His contributions have pushed science toward a higher stage of development．
c)His invention of sub．sea labs has made ocean exploration easier．
D)His adventures have made people go and see the sea．
5．Which of the following statements about Cousteau’s family life is NOT true?
A)His second wife died sometime ago。
B)His son Phillippe was killed in a plane crash．
C)His first wife died before Cousteau．
D)His elder son became the spokesman for the sea