托福說明文寫作樣例五

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Worldwide Military Expenditure, 1968-1977
    (billions of dollars)
     1968
     1970
     1972
     1974
     1976
     1977
    NATO countries
     113
     113
     120
     127
     150
     162
    Warsaw Pact counties
     73
     82
     100
     125
     150
     160
    United States
     76
     82
     77
     76
     90
     100
    Other
     37
     50
     62
     75
     100
     105
    (include the United States)
    寫作分析來源:www.examda.com
    此圖表表示的信息可先從總的趨勢上分析, 得出世界范圍內(nèi)軍費不斷增長的結(jié)論. 然后分析四各單位的增長情況,其中應(yīng)包括逐個分析與相互比較. 也可先分析四各單位的情況,然后再談世界總趨勢. 無論用何種方法, 關(guān)鍵是理出頭緒,按一定的順序進行.說明部分關(guān)于"包括美國"這一點需要判斷. 根據(jù)常識,這里應(yīng)該理解為北大西洋公約組織的軍費開支包括美國的軍費開支,同時也將美國作為一個實體單列. 本文可長可短,若寫長文, 例證可多給,相互的比較可以細一點. 若時間緊, 則應(yīng)先寫總趨勢, 然后進入主要關(guān)系的比較,這樣文章可隨時收尾.來源:www.examda.com
    This is a chart that shows the worldwide military expenditures from 1968 to 1977. It divides all the countries in the world into four blocks: the NATO countries including the United States, the Warsaw Pact countries, the United States as a single entity, and otherr countries as a whole group; and it shows the expenditures of the four blocks in parallel so that they can be compared with each other easily.
    One obvious point indicated by the chart is that the military expenditures of the four blocks increased sharply rrom 1968 to 1977: NATO from 113 billion of dollars to 162 billion, Warsaw Pact from 73 billion to 160, the U.S from 76 to 100, and the other countries as a group from 37 to 105. A calculation based on these figures shows that the total military expenditures increased by neaarly 60 percent in a decade.
    The increase of the four blocks, however, were not at the same rate. The military expenditure of NATO increased by approximately 40 percent; that of the Warsaw Pact countries was more than doubled; that of the U.S increased by 36 percent; abd that of the other countries increased three times. In terms of percentage , the increase of the other counties was the fastest. But in terms of actual dollars, it was the Warsaw Pact countries that increased their military expenditure the most--80 billion. Even so, the highest military expenditure in 1977 was still NATO's.來源:www.examda.com
    The last point that can be seen in the chart is the patterns of increase in the course of the decade. While the Warsaw Pact countries and the other counttries increased their military expenditure steadily every year, the NATO countries and the United States did not do the same in the first years of the decade. The United States kept its military expenditure at about the same level from 1968 to 1972, and then had a slight cut in 1974 before it increased its military expenditure quite sharply in 1976.來源:www.examda.com
    The decade indicated in the chart was a decade o arms race. It can be clearly interpreted from the chart that the high military expenditure of the NATO's countries and the United States at the beginning of the decade stimulated the fast increases by the WArsaw Pact countries and some of the other countries. Then, when they fely that they were threatened by the sharp increase of the military expenditure of the Warsaw Pact and some of the other contries and the United States began to spend more in order to remain the stronger or the strongest.