(一)時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)
1.以下幾類(lèi)動(dòng)詞一般不能用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài),也不用于完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。
1)表示感知的感官動(dòng)詞:hear,feeling,notice,recognize,see,taste,smell
2)表示意愿情感的動(dòng)詞:desire,dislike,forgive,hate,like,love,prefer,refuse,want,wish,fear,hate
3)表示思考看法的動(dòng)詞:believe,doubt,expecting,forget,hope,feel,mean,know,agree,realize,mind,recall,recollect,remember,trust,suppose
4)表示擁有占有的動(dòng)詞:belong t0,owe,own,possess,hold(容納)
5)其他動(dòng)詞:cost,appear,concelll,contain,consist,deserve,matter,seem
2.不用will/shall表達(dá)將來(lái)時(shí)的形式:
1)be going to表示現(xiàn)在的打算和意圖;
2)be about t0(d0);be destined t0(d0)
3)be to(do)表示安排、計(jì)劃、決定、命令或注定要發(fā)生的事;
4)arrive,come,drive,g0,leave,retire,return,set off,start,take off等移位動(dòng)詞進(jìn)行時(shí)表示按計(jì)劃肯定要發(fā)生的將來(lái)動(dòng)作;
5)be on the point 0f(doing)表示“馬上就要”,一般不與表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用;
6)be,begin,come,depart,get 0ff,g0,leave,return,start的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示按日歷或時(shí)刻表要發(fā)生的將來(lái)動(dòng)作或事件;
7)在時(shí)間、條件狀語(yǔ)從句中,一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí);
3.與完成時(shí)態(tài)連用的句型和時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):
1)by/up to/till+過(guò)去時(shí)間、since,by the time/when+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般過(guò)去時(shí)的從句,主句用過(guò)去完成時(shí);
2)by+將來(lái)時(shí)間、by the time/when+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的從句,主句用將來(lái)完成時(shí);
3)recently\lately\by now\so far\since+過(guò)去點(diǎn)時(shí)間\in/during/for the past/last few\three years/days/months.謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài);
4)在It is the+序數(shù)詞/形容詞級(jí)+time\day\year+that的定語(yǔ)從句中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài):
5)在no sooner…than…,hardly/scarcely…when/before…句型中,主句用過(guò)去完成時(shí);
6)其它與完成時(shí)態(tài)連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):all this while,all this year,for some time,already,before,just,long,yet等。
4.下列及物(短語(yǔ))動(dòng)詞不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài):
contain,cost,enter,fit,have,hold(容納),lack,last,own,possess,belong to,resemble,suit,
wish,agree with,consist of,get to,keep track of,shake hands with,take part in,walk into,arrive at,reach(到達(dá))
5.接動(dòng)名詞時(shí)主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義的動(dòng)詞:
bear,deserve,merit,need,require,want,demand
6.后接副詞時(shí)主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義的動(dòng)詞:
wash,open,polish,wear,write,sell,pull,push,lock,clean,cut,spoil,read
1.以下幾類(lèi)動(dòng)詞一般不能用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài),也不用于完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。
1)表示感知的感官動(dòng)詞:hear,feeling,notice,recognize,see,taste,smell
2)表示意愿情感的動(dòng)詞:desire,dislike,forgive,hate,like,love,prefer,refuse,want,wish,fear,hate
3)表示思考看法的動(dòng)詞:believe,doubt,expecting,forget,hope,feel,mean,know,agree,realize,mind,recall,recollect,remember,trust,suppose
4)表示擁有占有的動(dòng)詞:belong t0,owe,own,possess,hold(容納)
5)其他動(dòng)詞:cost,appear,concelll,contain,consist,deserve,matter,seem
2.不用will/shall表達(dá)將來(lái)時(shí)的形式:
1)be going to表示現(xiàn)在的打算和意圖;
2)be about t0(d0);be destined t0(d0)
3)be to(do)表示安排、計(jì)劃、決定、命令或注定要發(fā)生的事;
4)arrive,come,drive,g0,leave,retire,return,set off,start,take off等移位動(dòng)詞進(jìn)行時(shí)表示按計(jì)劃肯定要發(fā)生的將來(lái)動(dòng)作;
5)be on the point 0f(doing)表示“馬上就要”,一般不與表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用;
6)be,begin,come,depart,get 0ff,g0,leave,return,start的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示按日歷或時(shí)刻表要發(fā)生的將來(lái)動(dòng)作或事件;
7)在時(shí)間、條件狀語(yǔ)從句中,一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí);
3.與完成時(shí)態(tài)連用的句型和時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):
1)by/up to/till+過(guò)去時(shí)間、since,by the time/when+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般過(guò)去時(shí)的從句,主句用過(guò)去完成時(shí);
2)by+將來(lái)時(shí)間、by the time/when+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的從句,主句用將來(lái)完成時(shí);
3)recently\lately\by now\so far\since+過(guò)去點(diǎn)時(shí)間\in/during/for the past/last few\three years/days/months.謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài);
4)在It is the+序數(shù)詞/形容詞級(jí)+time\day\year+that的定語(yǔ)從句中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài):
5)在no sooner…than…,hardly/scarcely…when/before…句型中,主句用過(guò)去完成時(shí);
6)其它與完成時(shí)態(tài)連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):all this while,all this year,for some time,already,before,just,long,yet等。
4.下列及物(短語(yǔ))動(dòng)詞不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài):
contain,cost,enter,fit,have,hold(容納),lack,last,own,possess,belong to,resemble,suit,
wish,agree with,consist of,get to,keep track of,shake hands with,take part in,walk into,arrive at,reach(到達(dá))
5.接動(dòng)名詞時(shí)主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義的動(dòng)詞:
bear,deserve,merit,need,require,want,demand
6.后接副詞時(shí)主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義的動(dòng)詞:
wash,open,polish,wear,write,sell,pull,push,lock,clean,cut,spoil,read