第十節(jié) 句法結(jié)構(gòu)
一、名詞性從句
1、名詞性從句的構(gòu)成及句法特點
主要包括主語從句、表語從句、 同位語從句和賓語從句。 其連接代詞非為三類：
1）由that, whether, if和whoewver等引出的陳述句；
2）有what引出的疑問句；
3）有wh-等詞引出的疑問句。第一類和第三類在引出主語從句時可以用形式主語it來代替。
2、主語從句
That the earth goes around the sun is well-known to everybody.地球圍繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)是眾所周知的事實。
(= It is well-known to everybody that the earth goes around the sun.)
Whether he will come to the meeting is up to his boss. (此時不能用if )他來不來參加會議取決于他的老板。
(= It is up to his boss whether he will come to the meeting.)
Whoever says so is a liar. 誰這樣說使就在撒謊。
What you need in learning a foreign language well is repeated practice.學(xué)習(xí)外語你需要的是大量的練習(xí)。
What you have said is convincing. 你所說的令人信服。
Where we shall stay for the night is a problem. 我們在哪兒過夜是個問題。
(= It is a problem where we shall stay for the night.)
When and where the 2008 Olympic Games will be held has been decided.2008年奧運會舉行的時間和地點已經(jīng)確定下來了。
(=It has been decided when and where the 2008 Olympic Games will be held.)
How the ancient Egyptians built the pyramids puzzled people for centuries.古埃及人是如何建造金字塔迷惑了多少代的人。
(= It puzzled people for centuries how the ancient Egyptians built the pyramids.)
3、表語從句
that引出的表語從句里，that可以省略；whether有時也可用來引出表語從句，而一般不用if，但as if卻 可以。如：
My idea is (that) we need more hands. 我的看法是我們需要更多的人手。
The question is whether they will be able to help us. 問題是他們是否能幫我們。
All this was over twenty years ago, but it seems as if it was only yesterday.所有這一切過去20多年了，但似乎剛剛是昨天發(fā)生的一樣。
4、同位語從句：名詞性從句考查的重點
同位語從句的特點是由一個抽象名詞+that從句構(gòu)成，引導(dǎo)詞一般是that, 而且that在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分。這些抽象名詞有：news, idea, fact, doubt, evidence, promise, rumor, hope, truth, belief, message等，同位語從句是對抽象名詞進(jìn)行說明解釋。
The news that our football team at last defeated Korea made the fans wild with joy.
我們的足球隊最終擊敗了朝鮮隊的消息令球迷們歡喜若狂。
The news that made the fans wild with joy was from the radio. (比較－定語從句)
令球迷們歡喜若狂的消息是從收音機(jī)里播報的。
There is much evidence that the crime rate in this city is on the rise.
有充足的證據(jù)證明該城市的犯罪率在上升。
Einstein came to the conclusion that the maximum speed possible in the universe is that of light.
愛因斯坦得出的結(jié)論是宇宙中速度是光速。
5、名詞性從句的考點
-1-、同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別
The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.（他告訴我的消息是湯姆明年將出國。）（第一個that引導(dǎo)的從句是定語從句，that在從句中作賓語）
一、名詞性從句
1、名詞性從句的構(gòu)成及句法特點
主要包括主語從句、表語從句、 同位語從句和賓語從句。 其連接代詞非為三類：
1）由that, whether, if和whoewver等引出的陳述句；
2）有what引出的疑問句；
3）有wh-等詞引出的疑問句。第一類和第三類在引出主語從句時可以用形式主語it來代替。
2、主語從句
That the earth goes around the sun is well-known to everybody.地球圍繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)是眾所周知的事實。
(= It is well-known to everybody that the earth goes around the sun.)
Whether he will come to the meeting is up to his boss. (此時不能用if )他來不來參加會議取決于他的老板。
(= It is up to his boss whether he will come to the meeting.)
Whoever says so is a liar. 誰這樣說使就在撒謊。
What you need in learning a foreign language well is repeated practice.學(xué)習(xí)外語你需要的是大量的練習(xí)。
What you have said is convincing. 你所說的令人信服。
Where we shall stay for the night is a problem. 我們在哪兒過夜是個問題。
(= It is a problem where we shall stay for the night.)
When and where the 2008 Olympic Games will be held has been decided.2008年奧運會舉行的時間和地點已經(jīng)確定下來了。
(=It has been decided when and where the 2008 Olympic Games will be held.)
How the ancient Egyptians built the pyramids puzzled people for centuries.古埃及人是如何建造金字塔迷惑了多少代的人。
(= It puzzled people for centuries how the ancient Egyptians built the pyramids.)
3、表語從句
that引出的表語從句里，that可以省略；whether有時也可用來引出表語從句，而一般不用if，但as if卻 可以。如：
My idea is (that) we need more hands. 我的看法是我們需要更多的人手。
The question is whether they will be able to help us. 問題是他們是否能幫我們。
All this was over twenty years ago, but it seems as if it was only yesterday.所有這一切過去20多年了，但似乎剛剛是昨天發(fā)生的一樣。
4、同位語從句：名詞性從句考查的重點
同位語從句的特點是由一個抽象名詞+that從句構(gòu)成，引導(dǎo)詞一般是that, 而且that在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分。這些抽象名詞有：news, idea, fact, doubt, evidence, promise, rumor, hope, truth, belief, message等，同位語從句是對抽象名詞進(jìn)行說明解釋。
The news that our football team at last defeated Korea made the fans wild with joy.
我們的足球隊最終擊敗了朝鮮隊的消息令球迷們歡喜若狂。
The news that made the fans wild with joy was from the radio. (比較－定語從句)
令球迷們歡喜若狂的消息是從收音機(jī)里播報的。
There is much evidence that the crime rate in this city is on the rise.
有充足的證據(jù)證明該城市的犯罪率在上升。
Einstein came to the conclusion that the maximum speed possible in the universe is that of light.
愛因斯坦得出的結(jié)論是宇宙中速度是光速。
5、名詞性從句的考點
-1-、同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別
The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.（他告訴我的消息是湯姆明年將出國。）（第一個that引導(dǎo)的從句是定語從句，that在從句中作賓語）