文都教育:2008年考研小作文范本嘔血奉獻(xiàn)

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2008年考研英語小作文大綱要求:“考生應(yīng)根據(jù)所給情景寫出一篇約100詞的應(yīng)用性短文,包括私人和公務(wù)信函、備忘錄、摘要、報告等,滿分10分?!币韵路謩e重點給各位網(wǎng)友講講考研英語這些應(yīng)用文是如何寫作的。這篇文章寫得相當(dāng)不錯,非常適合臨考的學(xué)生,希望大家認(rèn)真仔細(xì)閱讀!
    一、考研英語應(yīng)用文之一:英文備忘錄
    備忘錄是一種錄以備忘的公文。 在公文函件中,它的等級是比較低的,主要用來提醒、督促對方,或就某個問題提出自己的意見或看法。在業(yè)務(wù)上,它一般用來補(bǔ)充正式文件的不足。
    (一)英文備忘錄主要內(nèi)容
    1、書端(Heading)
    2、收文人的姓名、頭銜、地址(Addressee’s Name, Title, Address)
    3、稱呼(Salutation)
    4、事因(Subject)
    5、正文(Body)
    6、結(jié)束語(Complimentary Close)
    7、署名(Signature)
    (二)英文備忘錄寫作注意事項
    1、書端部分包括發(fā)文機(jī)關(guān)的名稱、地址、發(fā)文日期,有的還包括電報掛號、電傳號、電話號碼等。許多機(jī)關(guān)有自己特制的信箋,在寫書端時,其格式和標(biāo)點符號的使用與一般信件的相同。
    2、稱呼從左邊頂格寫起,對一般機(jī)關(guān)、團(tuán)體的負(fù)責(zé)人一般用 Dear Sir, 對政府官員可用Sir。
    3、正文、結(jié)束語和署名等項與一般信件的格式相同?!笆乱颉币豁椖壳安捎玫幂^少。
    二、考研英語應(yīng)用文之二:英文摘要
    文章摘要是對所寫文章主要內(nèi)容的精煉概括,美國人稱摘要為“Abstract”,而英國人則喜歡稱其為“Summary”。國際刊物要求所刊登的論文摘要的字?jǐn)?shù)通常是100字-200字。摘要的位置一般放在一篇文章的最前面,內(nèi)容上涵蓋全文,摘要通常多采用第三人稱撰寫。
    (一)英文摘要分類
    摘要分陳述性的(Descriptive)和資料性的(Informational)兩類。陳述性摘要只陳述書籍或文章的主題,不介紹內(nèi)容。資料性的摘要除了介紹主題外,還應(yīng)介紹文章的要點和各個要點的主要內(nèi)容。它可以包括三個組成部分:
    ①點明主題,解析文章或書籍的目的或意圖;
    ②介紹主要內(nèi)容,使讀者迅速了解文章或書籍的概貌;
    ③提出結(jié)論或建議,以供讀者參考。
    (二)英文摘要常見句型
    1)This paper deals with...
    2)This article focuses on the topics of (that, having, etc)...
    3)This eassy presents knowledge that...
    4)This thesis discusses...
    5)This thesis analyzes...
    6)This paper provides an overview of...
    7)This paper elaborates on ...
    8)This article gives an overview of...
    9)This article compares...and summarizes key findings.
    10)This paper includes discussions concerning...
    11)This paper presents up to date information on...
    12)This article covers the role of chemicals in...
    13)This paper addresses important topics including...
    14)This paper touches upon...
    15)This paper strongly emphasizes...
    16)This eassy represents the preceedings of ...
    17)This article not only describes...but also suggests...
    18)This paper considers...
    19)This paper provides a method of ...
    20)This paper introduces an applicable procedure to analyze... (%bk%)
    (三)英文摘要題型寫作要點
    ① 動筆之前一定要認(rèn)真仔細(xì)地閱讀所給原文,弄懂原文大意掌握要點。
    ② 摘要長度一般是原文的四分之一或五分之一,考試時應(yīng)遵守字?jǐn)?shù)限制。
    ③ 在做摘要時考生切忌照搬原文。
    ④ 摘要應(yīng)與原文的觀點保持一致,并且仍按原文的邏輯順序排列。
    ⑤ 重點反映主要觀點,刪除細(xì)節(jié)。
    ⑥ 簡化從句,用簡短的語句代替冗長的語句。
    ⑦ 檢查與修改時,考生應(yīng)重點檢查是否遺漏了原文的要點或包含了細(xì)節(jié)。
    三、考研英語應(yīng)用文之三:英語信函
    (一)英文信函開頭與結(jié)尾常用語
    1、開頭:Dear Sir, Dear Madam, Dear sir or Madam, Dear President, Dear Sales Manager, Dear Dean, Dear Professor, To whom it may concern, Dear Mr. Smith,
    2、結(jié)尾:Yours faithfully, Yours truly, Yours, Yours sincerely, Best regards, Best wishes, lovingly yours, sincerely yours
    3、正文第一句
    A、朋友:
    Hi! How are you?
    Hello! I hope everything is fine.
    Hi! How is everything going?
    B、如不認(rèn)識:
    I was a guest at your hotel from June 25 to 28.
    I am a student at your college, enrolled in the computer course.
    C、致謝:
    Thank you for your invitation to the international medical conference on October 11.
    Thank you for your letter dated October 11.
    D、解釋寫信原因:
    I am writing to advise you for the loss of my credit card.
    I’d like to inquire about course details.
    I am writing to complain about/of the poor service at your restaurant.
    4、結(jié)尾段
    A、發(fā)出請求:
    I am looking forward to your prompt reply.
    Please reply to us at your earliest convenience.
    B、表達(dá)歉意:
    once again, I am sorry for any inconvenience caused.
    Please accept my apologies once again.
    C、提出投訴:
    I expect to hear from you very soon.
    Please give this matter your immediate attention. (%bk%)
    (二)9種常用英文信件寫作介紹
    1、投訴信
    A、開頭:自我介紹,交代投訴內(nèi)容,表明本信的目的和要求。
    B、正文:說明情況,講清利害,分析利弊。 告訴對方你因此受到的傷害或不便,提出解決問題的建議,表明希望如何處理。
    C、結(jié)尾:表達(dá)希望問題得到迅速恰當(dāng)解決的強(qiáng)烈愿望。希望盡快得到滿意的答復(fù)。
    D、常用句型:
    I am writing to you to complain about…
    I am writing to express my dissatisfaction with/at…
    I beg to call your attention to the fact that…
    I wish to refer you to an incident which occurred…, calling for some remedial action.
    I very much regret to have to inform you that…
    I am totally/completely disappointed/upset to find…
    I find it awful/quite distressing that…
    My experience in…on…(date) shocked me. I can hardly put up with it.
    There are some problems with the … that I wish to bring to attention. For one thing, there is…, For another, …..
    I can hardly stand/bear/tolerate/put up with it any more.
    To improve the situation/solve the above problem, it is advisable for you to take the following measures:…
    I look forward to a day when we could really enjoy a more efficient service.
    I hope that the above situation will be improved as soon as possible.
    If it is not properly settled, I would ask you to give my money back, or I would complain to the Consumer’s Association.
    I request you to be kind enough to solve the problem as soon as possible.  
    2、咨詢信、請求信、說明信
    A、開頭:簡要告知身份,表明寫信原因或請求。
    B、正文:詳細(xì)闡明詢問、請求的具體內(nèi)容、希望獲得的信息。 說明信應(yīng)寫明原因、實情及希望對方做些什么。強(qiáng)調(diào)所需信息/幫助的重要性(按要求)。
    C、結(jié)尾:表達(dá)謝意,希望得到對方回復(fù)、幫助或合作。
    D、常用句型:
    I would like to inquire about some information concerning/regarding…
    I am writing in the hope that you can…
    I am writing because I would like to…
    Needless to say, your approval of my request will be beneficial not only to myself but to the company.
    Could you tell me what I have to do to…
    It is sincerely requested that you…
    My first question is that …
    Should I need to send further materials, please let me know.
    If additional information is required, please advise me at your early convenience.Should I send you copies of my qualification in advance?
    I would be much obliged to you if you could let me know the procedures I have to go through.
    Your prompt and favorable attention to my inquiry would be highly appreciated.
    Please render me some valuable advice which is conducive to my final decision.
    I am looking forward to a favorable reply at your earliest convenience.
    3、道歉信
    A、開頭:簡單交代對何事進(jìn)行道歉。
    B、正文:解釋事情發(fā)生的原因,消除誤會或矛盾。
    C、結(jié)尾:再次表示遺憾何歉意,提出建議或安排。
    D、常用句型:
    I must apologize to you for…
    I am very sorry that..
    I regret to inform you that I will not be able to…
    I am afraid what I have done has caused many inconveniences to you.
    I sincerely hope you understand that I offended you quite unintentionally.
    I believe you can understand that I have not intended to hurt you.
    I owe you an apology.
    It is my fault.
    I am to blame for this unpleasant thing.
    Please pardon/excuse/forgive me.
    I sincerely hope that you will kindly accept my apologies.
    I will try my utmost not to make such a stupid mistake again.
    I trust the settlement of the matter will meet your wishes.
    I hope you will kindly forgive my lapse of attention.
    I am so sorry to have put you to/into so much trouble. (%bk%)
    4、感謝信
    A、開頭:表達(dá)謝意,提及受到的幫助。
    B、正文:回憶該幫助,高度評價/贊揚(yáng)對方,表達(dá)當(dāng)時感受。
    C、結(jié)尾:再次表達(dá)謝意,提出回報希望。
    D、常用句型:
    I am grateful/thankful to you for…
    I am much obliged to you for your help.
    I shall always appreciate the assistance you have given me.
    I am writing to express my thanks to you for the many kindnesses you showed me when I was in hospital.
    It was most thoughtful and generous of you to send me such a beautiful and fancy gift.
    Thoughtful considerate considerable
    It’s very kind of you to help us.
    I hope you can know how much I appreciate your hospitality and your many kindnesses to me.
    But for your help, I would not..
    If it had not been for your timely assistance, I am afraid that..
    Thanks from the bottom of my heart for…
    With thanks from every one of us and best wishes to you.
    Again, I would like to express our warm thanks to you.
    I shall be pleased to reciprocate your favor when the opportunity arises.
    5、邀請信
    A、開頭:開門見山,說明目的。
    B、正文:邀請內(nèi)容(活動性質(zhì),地點,時間,日期),有關(guān)要求與希望。
    C、結(jié)尾:重申對方參加的重要性,希望盡快回復(fù)。
    D、常用句型:
    I should be much pleased if you would come to our party on Friday the 15th at 6.
    I am pleased to invite you to participate in …to be held from…to…. in..
    I feel it a great honor if you could..
    It is my pleasure/a great honor for me to invite you to…
    We would be greatly honored if you could come…
    I am writing to invite you to…
    I am particularly anxious to have you join us.
    It’s a long time since I have had the pleasure of seeing you and I do hope you can come.
    We hope that you can come and look forward to seeing you.
    I will cover all the expenses involved.
    6、求職信
    A、開頭:說明信息來源,表明寫信目的。
    B、正文:提供個人資料,詢問相關(guān)問題。
    C、結(jié)尾:表達(dá)愿望,提供聯(lián)系方式,表示感謝。
    D、常用句型:
    I have read your advertisement in…for a (position/post), and should be grateful if you could consider me favorably as an applicant for the position.
    I wish to apply for the post mentioned in your advertisement in yesterday’s newspaper.
    I wish to apply for a position with your company.
    I myself like the job very much and I think my personality is well suited to working as a …
    Honest, trust-worthy, reliable, enthusiastic, diligent, bright, smart, careful, patient, responsible, efficient, productive, versatile, open-minded, optimistic.
    I am confident that my experience and ability will show you that I can fulfill the particular requirement of your position.
    Born in…in.., I graduated from….University majoring in ….. I have been working in…since my graduation, and I have therefore attained a fair knowledge and experience in this field.
    Upon graduation, I first worked as … The following job was …. And currently I am working for…
    I intend to give up my present post in order to get a more challenging opportunity.
    With the kind of experience I have accumulated, I would expect a salary of not less than 4,000.
    I shall be very much obliged if you will offer me an opportunity for an interview.
    I am looking forward with great interest to hearing from you soon regarding my application.
    7、推薦信
    A、開頭:開門見山,表明關(guān)系。
    B、正文:稱贊被推薦人,客觀介紹其相關(guān)能力。
    C、結(jié)尾:作出保證,提出希望,表示感謝。
    D、常用句型:
    I am very glad to recommend you a former student of mine, Mr./Miss… to be a candidate for…
    I am writing to recommend…
    I have great pleasure to provide a letter for recommendation for Mr./Miss…
    With reference to your advertised position, I have the pleasure to say that he is the just person you are looking for.
    He has proved to be industrious, responsible and skillful in carrying out his assignment.
    Besides being thoroughly honest and reliable he showed an unusual quickness and ability in…
    I hope the above information will help you to know…
    If you need any further information about his qualification, please do not hesitate to contact me.
    If further information about him/her is required, please do not hesitate to let me know/contact me
    In view of his/her previous achievements in…, I am firmly convinced that Mr./Miss.., will make a successful graduate student/staff member.
    I would be most grateful if you would consider my recommendation and kindly offer him a…
    8、表揚(yáng)信
    A、開頭:身份簡介,提及感謝的人事。
    B、正文:敘述經(jīng)過,詳細(xì)介紹值得表揚(yáng)之處,表達(dá)感受。
    C、結(jié)尾:提出祝愿與希望。
    D、常用句型:
    I am writing to tell you how highly I think of…
    I am writing because I appreciate very much what Mr./Miss…from your company has done.
    I am greatly impressed by…
    What he has done shows that…
    He deserves praise for what he has done.
    I am greatly inspired by…
    It is your good service as well as excellent food that help you set up a world reputation.
    For this reason, I am writing to express my heartfelt thanks and hope that your company will have a brighter future.
    9、祝賀信
    A、開頭:開門見山,說明消息來源。
    B、正文:回憶過去,表明感受,展望未來,提出建議。
    C、結(jié)尾:表達(dá)祝愿。
    D、常用句型:
    What exciting/thrilling news!
    It’s good/sensational news.
    I was delighted/thrilled to hear/to receive the news that …
    It’s the most joyful news I have heard for a long time.
    I congratulate you on/upon your success.
    Congratulations and all good/best wishes.
    Please accept my heartiest congratulations on…
    Permit me to congratulate you…
    We want you to know how happy we were when…
    It gave me a great deal of pleasure to learn…
    Wish you all the happiness in the world.
    I hope you will have nothing but joy and happiness in your life/career.
    All the luck in the world to you!
    Best of luck to you!