近幾年的高考中，英語的考試中的閱讀理解越來越側(cè)重能力考察。因此要做好閱讀理解，除了基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)外，還應(yīng)掌握一些技巧。
一、 明白文章的類型、結(jié)構(gòu)
在閱讀文章時(shí)，要觀察文章屬于什么類型，什么結(jié)構(gòu)。這有助于迅速找到答案。一般說來，新聞報(bào)道的開頭就把發(fā)生的事一目了然地寫出來，所以，新聞報(bào)道的第一段是最重要的，接下來才講述事情的經(jīng)過及細(xì)節(jié)。而議論文章也喜歡這種形式，開門見山提出觀點(diǎn)，再進(jìn)行論述。說明文章喜歡一點(diǎn)一點(diǎn)分開說明。廣告詞喜歡用簡練、縮略的語言方式進(jìn)行表達(dá)，有時(shí)比較迷惑人。例如：
Share flat, Goodhope Valley nice flat. The other room ready for use immediately, quiet and convenient, fully furnished, park view, $45P.W> including bills of phone and power.
Female non-smoker. No pet.
Helen:2525744.
Q: Helen wants to
A. Find another lady to share the cost of a flat.
B. Share her room in a flat with a lady who has no pet.
C. Rent a flat of her own at $45 P.W.
D. Find a flat in Goodhope Valley with park view.
很多同學(xué)選B或C，但正確答案為A。
選B的同學(xué)是因?yàn)槭軓V告詞末端“No pet”的影響而忽略了“share her room in a flat”的意思：在一個(gè)套間中共用她的房間。而廣告的第二句“The other room ready for use immediately, quiet and convenient, fully furnished, park view”明確表明，另一間房馬上就可以用。這證明不是共用一間房，而是共用一套間，故選A，選C的同學(xué)則主要是受“$45P.W.”的影響，而忽略了“Rent a flat of her own”。
二、 多積累、運(yùn)用綜合知識(shí)
知識(shí)是相互聯(lián)系的，特別是現(xiàn)*試，內(nèi)容廣泛靈活，多種知識(shí)互相覆蓋，平時(shí)多積累綜合知識(shí)，有利于閱讀理解的提高。例如：
A newer theory is that increasing daylight stimulates(刺激) certain glands(腺) in the birds body and prepares it for migration. One scientist is able to make birds migrate in midwinter by exposing them for two months to artificial(人造的) daylight. Recoveries of marked birds indicate that they fly north as soon as they are set free. The conclusion is that the urge to migrate is determined by changes in the birds’ body which take place under seasonal changes in the length of daylight.
Q: The birds fly north in midwinter because
A. They are specially trained by a scientist.
B. They are affected by seasonal changes.
C. A change in their body temperature.
D. They are exposed to extra daylight.
這是一道生物和地理知識(shí)相結(jié)合的題目。很多同學(xué)選B，但答案是D。主要是受最后一句的影響：“結(jié)論表明遷徙的欲望由鳥的身體變化決定，而這種變化是在日照長度變化的季節(jié)發(fā)生的”。這句話的意思是說鳥的遷徙由日照的長短決定。但同學(xué)不理解，認(rèn)為季節(jié)變化決定日照長短的說法不夠準(zhǔn)確，只能說日照的長短與季節(jié)有關(guān)。實(shí)際上，根據(jù)地理知識(shí)，我們可以知道，在北極或南極日照時(shí)間有明顯變化，但季節(jié)變化不明顯?？梢?，知識(shí)面廣有助于正確理解文章。其實(shí)本文中第二句就是答案，而最后一句只是進(jìn)一步說明這一點(diǎn)。
三、 長句的分析與理解
閱讀理解設(shè)問的依據(jù)往往就在從句上，因此如果對長句的理解不徹底或不準(zhǔn)確，從句與從句之間的銜接脫鉤，就會(huì)導(dǎo)致對整個(gè)段落理解的錯(cuò)誤，自然也選不出正確答案。例如：
Gas board men looking for a leak told a shop girl there was ‘not enough gas kill a mouse. Less than five hours later the shopping area, in which 21 people died, lay in ruins from an explosion, the blast inquiry was told yesterday. Her boss, Mr. Robertson, 30, said that on the day of the explosion he rang the gas board for an inspector after he learned that the men who were digging the road outside were subcontractor(次承包人).
Q: Mr. Robertson telephoned the Gas Board because___
A. He could smell gas.
B. He wanted an inspector to come to his shop and look for a gas leak.
C. He fell that there would be an explosion.
D. The men digging the road outside were from the gas board.
很多同學(xué)選B，但正確答案為D。選錯(cuò)的原因是對after引導(dǎo)的狀語從句理解不當(dāng)，該狀語從句里又有賓語從句和定語從句，也受第一句的影響：Gas board men looking for a leak told a shop girl……正在找漏氣的煤氣公司的人告訴女店員沒有足夠的氣體殺死一個(gè)老鼠。所以部分同學(xué)認(rèn)為，打電話給煤氣公司是找檢察員來檢查煤氣漏氣。其實(shí)不然，第二句是復(fù)合句，才是答案，理解為：Mr. Robertson得知在外面挖路的人不是煤氣公司的人（而是次承包人）后，才打電話給煤氣公司并要求派人來檢查此事
一、 明白文章的類型、結(jié)構(gòu)
在閱讀文章時(shí)，要觀察文章屬于什么類型，什么結(jié)構(gòu)。這有助于迅速找到答案。一般說來，新聞報(bào)道的開頭就把發(fā)生的事一目了然地寫出來，所以，新聞報(bào)道的第一段是最重要的，接下來才講述事情的經(jīng)過及細(xì)節(jié)。而議論文章也喜歡這種形式，開門見山提出觀點(diǎn)，再進(jìn)行論述。說明文章喜歡一點(diǎn)一點(diǎn)分開說明。廣告詞喜歡用簡練、縮略的語言方式進(jìn)行表達(dá)，有時(shí)比較迷惑人。例如：
Share flat, Goodhope Valley nice flat. The other room ready for use immediately, quiet and convenient, fully furnished, park view, $45P.W> including bills of phone and power.
Female non-smoker. No pet.
Helen:2525744.
Q: Helen wants to
A. Find another lady to share the cost of a flat.
B. Share her room in a flat with a lady who has no pet.
C. Rent a flat of her own at $45 P.W.
D. Find a flat in Goodhope Valley with park view.
很多同學(xué)選B或C，但正確答案為A。
選B的同學(xué)是因?yàn)槭軓V告詞末端“No pet”的影響而忽略了“share her room in a flat”的意思：在一個(gè)套間中共用她的房間。而廣告的第二句“The other room ready for use immediately, quiet and convenient, fully furnished, park view”明確表明，另一間房馬上就可以用。這證明不是共用一間房，而是共用一套間，故選A，選C的同學(xué)則主要是受“$45P.W.”的影響，而忽略了“Rent a flat of her own”。
二、 多積累、運(yùn)用綜合知識(shí)
知識(shí)是相互聯(lián)系的，特別是現(xiàn)*試，內(nèi)容廣泛靈活，多種知識(shí)互相覆蓋，平時(shí)多積累綜合知識(shí)，有利于閱讀理解的提高。例如：
A newer theory is that increasing daylight stimulates(刺激) certain glands(腺) in the birds body and prepares it for migration. One scientist is able to make birds migrate in midwinter by exposing them for two months to artificial(人造的) daylight. Recoveries of marked birds indicate that they fly north as soon as they are set free. The conclusion is that the urge to migrate is determined by changes in the birds’ body which take place under seasonal changes in the length of daylight.
Q: The birds fly north in midwinter because
A. They are specially trained by a scientist.
B. They are affected by seasonal changes.
C. A change in their body temperature.
D. They are exposed to extra daylight.
這是一道生物和地理知識(shí)相結(jié)合的題目。很多同學(xué)選B，但答案是D。主要是受最后一句的影響：“結(jié)論表明遷徙的欲望由鳥的身體變化決定，而這種變化是在日照長度變化的季節(jié)發(fā)生的”。這句話的意思是說鳥的遷徙由日照的長短決定。但同學(xué)不理解，認(rèn)為季節(jié)變化決定日照長短的說法不夠準(zhǔn)確，只能說日照的長短與季節(jié)有關(guān)。實(shí)際上，根據(jù)地理知識(shí)，我們可以知道，在北極或南極日照時(shí)間有明顯變化，但季節(jié)變化不明顯?？梢?，知識(shí)面廣有助于正確理解文章。其實(shí)本文中第二句就是答案，而最后一句只是進(jìn)一步說明這一點(diǎn)。
三、 長句的分析與理解
閱讀理解設(shè)問的依據(jù)往往就在從句上，因此如果對長句的理解不徹底或不準(zhǔn)確，從句與從句之間的銜接脫鉤，就會(huì)導(dǎo)致對整個(gè)段落理解的錯(cuò)誤，自然也選不出正確答案。例如：
Gas board men looking for a leak told a shop girl there was ‘not enough gas kill a mouse. Less than five hours later the shopping area, in which 21 people died, lay in ruins from an explosion, the blast inquiry was told yesterday. Her boss, Mr. Robertson, 30, said that on the day of the explosion he rang the gas board for an inspector after he learned that the men who were digging the road outside were subcontractor(次承包人).
Q: Mr. Robertson telephoned the Gas Board because___
A. He could smell gas.
B. He wanted an inspector to come to his shop and look for a gas leak.
C. He fell that there would be an explosion.
D. The men digging the road outside were from the gas board.
很多同學(xué)選B，但正確答案為D。選錯(cuò)的原因是對after引導(dǎo)的狀語從句理解不當(dāng)，該狀語從句里又有賓語從句和定語從句，也受第一句的影響：Gas board men looking for a leak told a shop girl……正在找漏氣的煤氣公司的人告訴女店員沒有足夠的氣體殺死一個(gè)老鼠。所以部分同學(xué)認(rèn)為，打電話給煤氣公司是找檢察員來檢查煤氣漏氣。其實(shí)不然，第二句是復(fù)合句，才是答案，理解為：Mr. Robertson得知在外面挖路的人不是煤氣公司的人（而是次承包人）后，才打電話給煤氣公司并要求派人來檢查此事