關(guān)於電影從無聲電影轉(zhuǎn)變有聲電影時代是一個重要得轉(zhuǎn)變。說在1920s以前，人們用雖然沒有把臺詞加到電影中，但是聲音早就以鋼琴伴奏的形式加到電影中。其中舉了個例子說某某電影在加了live得music以後大受歡迎。接著又說有聲電影的發(fā)展蓋過了電影中其他技術(shù)的發(fā)展，好像是圖像，拍攝之類的。說其他的這些技術(shù)的進步直到1950s才被人所注意。其中考到drastically changed, overshadow這樣的詞。
The history of motiopictures
Since earliest times, people have beeinterested iportraying things imotio. During the late 1800's, developments iscience helped stimulate a series of inventions that led to projected motiopictures ocelluloid film.
The first successful photographs of motiowere made i1877 and 1878 by Eadweard Muybridge.
Muybridge took a series of photographs of a running horse. For his project, Muybridge set up a row of cameras (first 12, the24) with strings attached to their shutters. Whethe horse raby, it broke each string isuccessio, tripping the shutters.
The works, IJockey oa Galloping Horse, are considered a forerunner of motiopictures.
Thomas Alva Ediso’s contributioto Early cinema
Muybridge's feat influenced inventors iseveral countries to work toward developing devices to record and re-present movie images. These inventors included Thomas Armat and Thomas Alva Ediso.
Ediso's company displayed the first commercial motio-picture machine i1893. Edisocalled his machine the kinetoscope (a term which derived from kinetics, a science that deals with aspects of motio).
It was a cabinet showing unenlarged 35-millimeter black-and-white films running about 90 seconds. Aindividual watched through a peephole as the film moved ospools.
By its nature, the experience of viewing a motiopicture through a kinetoscope was more private, and, isome ways, more voyeuristic.
Kinetoscope parlors opened ia number of cities. However, they were sooreplaced by projectiomachines that threw greatly enlarged pictures oa scree. These new machines allowed many people to view a single film at the same time.
Thomas Edisodeveloped the kinetoscope, but its roots were ianother Edisoinventio, the phonograph. First developed ithe 1870s as a business machine to aid dictatio, the phonograph amplified sound recorded ocylinders. Phonographs were sooadapted for entertainment purposes, however, and by the early 1890s they were placed itraistations, hotel lobbies, amusement parks, and other public areas. By dropping ia nickel, a persocould listeto music or other sound effects through a telephonelike receiver.
Early motiopictures
Film screenings soobecame a popular entertainment. Ilarge cities, motiopictures played ovaudeville programs, imusic halls, and iamusement arcades. Traveling projectionists brought the films to smaller cities and country towns.
Films were made without recorded synchronized sound. However, exhibitors sometimes accompanied the images with music or lectures, or eveused offscreelive actors to provide dialogue. Later, printed titles were inserted withithe films. The titles gave dialogue, descriptions of actio, or commentary.
At first the “silent movies” were accompanied by piano improvisations and the music played bore no special relationship to the film.
Withia very short time, however, the incongruity of playing lively music to a solemfilm became apparent, and film pianists begato take some care imatching their pieces to the mood of the film.
Moreover, ithe larger movie theaters, small orchestras were formed.
Ediso's company dominated the early years of Americamoviemaking through its control of patents ofilmmaking equipment. EdwiS. Porter, who worked for Edisoas a director and camerama, became a leader ishifting film productiofrom current events toward storytelling. Porter's 1903 film, The Great TraiRobbery, portrayed a trairobbery and the pursuit and capture of the robbers. The 11-minute Westerbecame a sensational hit.
世界A級國際電影節(jié)
全世界A級國際電影節(jié)目前共有11個。
德國.柏林國際電影節(jié)：創(chuàng)辦於1951年，於每年的2月7日至18日舉行，獎名稱為「金熊獎」；
法國.戛納國際電影節(jié)：創(chuàng)辦於1939年，於每年的5月10日至21日舉行，獎名稱為「金棕櫚獎」；
捷克.卡羅維法利國際電影節(jié)：創(chuàng)辦於1946年，於每年的7月5日至15日舉行，獎名稱為「水晶球獎」；
俄羅斯.莫斯科國際電影節(jié)：創(chuàng)辦於1959年，於每年的7月16日至29日舉行，獎名稱為「聖.喬治獎」；
加拿大.蒙特利爾國際電影節(jié)：創(chuàng)辦於1977年，於每年的8月25日至9月4日舉行，獎名稱為「美洲大獎」；
意大利.威尼斯國際電影節(jié)：創(chuàng)辦於1931年，於每年的8月30日至9月9日舉行，獎名稱為「金獅獎」；
西班牙.聖塞巴斯蒂安國際電影節(jié)：創(chuàng)辦於1953年，於每年的9月21日至30日舉行，獎名稱為「金貝殼獎」；
日本.東京國際電影節(jié)：創(chuàng)辦於1985年，於每年的10月28日至11月5日舉行，獎名稱為「東京大獎」；
阿根廷.馬塔布拉塔國際電影節(jié)：創(chuàng)辦於1989年，於每年的11月6日至25日舉行，獎名稱為「金樹商陸?yīng)劇梗?BR> 埃及.開羅國際電影節(jié)：創(chuàng)辦於1976年，於每年的11月7日至18日舉行，獎名稱為「金字塔獎」；
中國.上海國際電影節(jié)：創(chuàng)辦於1993年，從今年起每年6月上旬舉行，獎名稱為「金爵獎」。
The history of motiopictures
Since earliest times, people have beeinterested iportraying things imotio. During the late 1800's, developments iscience helped stimulate a series of inventions that led to projected motiopictures ocelluloid film.
The first successful photographs of motiowere made i1877 and 1878 by Eadweard Muybridge.
Muybridge took a series of photographs of a running horse. For his project, Muybridge set up a row of cameras (first 12, the24) with strings attached to their shutters. Whethe horse raby, it broke each string isuccessio, tripping the shutters.
The works, IJockey oa Galloping Horse, are considered a forerunner of motiopictures.
Thomas Alva Ediso’s contributioto Early cinema
Muybridge's feat influenced inventors iseveral countries to work toward developing devices to record and re-present movie images. These inventors included Thomas Armat and Thomas Alva Ediso.
Ediso's company displayed the first commercial motio-picture machine i1893. Edisocalled his machine the kinetoscope (a term which derived from kinetics, a science that deals with aspects of motio).
It was a cabinet showing unenlarged 35-millimeter black-and-white films running about 90 seconds. Aindividual watched through a peephole as the film moved ospools.
By its nature, the experience of viewing a motiopicture through a kinetoscope was more private, and, isome ways, more voyeuristic.
Kinetoscope parlors opened ia number of cities. However, they were sooreplaced by projectiomachines that threw greatly enlarged pictures oa scree. These new machines allowed many people to view a single film at the same time.
Thomas Edisodeveloped the kinetoscope, but its roots were ianother Edisoinventio, the phonograph. First developed ithe 1870s as a business machine to aid dictatio, the phonograph amplified sound recorded ocylinders. Phonographs were sooadapted for entertainment purposes, however, and by the early 1890s they were placed itraistations, hotel lobbies, amusement parks, and other public areas. By dropping ia nickel, a persocould listeto music or other sound effects through a telephonelike receiver.
Early motiopictures
Film screenings soobecame a popular entertainment. Ilarge cities, motiopictures played ovaudeville programs, imusic halls, and iamusement arcades. Traveling projectionists brought the films to smaller cities and country towns.
Films were made without recorded synchronized sound. However, exhibitors sometimes accompanied the images with music or lectures, or eveused offscreelive actors to provide dialogue. Later, printed titles were inserted withithe films. The titles gave dialogue, descriptions of actio, or commentary.
At first the “silent movies” were accompanied by piano improvisations and the music played bore no special relationship to the film.
Withia very short time, however, the incongruity of playing lively music to a solemfilm became apparent, and film pianists begato take some care imatching their pieces to the mood of the film.
Moreover, ithe larger movie theaters, small orchestras were formed.
Ediso's company dominated the early years of Americamoviemaking through its control of patents ofilmmaking equipment. EdwiS. Porter, who worked for Edisoas a director and camerama, became a leader ishifting film productiofrom current events toward storytelling. Porter's 1903 film, The Great TraiRobbery, portrayed a trairobbery and the pursuit and capture of the robbers. The 11-minute Westerbecame a sensational hit.
世界A級國際電影節(jié)
全世界A級國際電影節(jié)目前共有11個。
德國.柏林國際電影節(jié)：創(chuàng)辦於1951年，於每年的2月7日至18日舉行，獎名稱為「金熊獎」；
法國.戛納國際電影節(jié)：創(chuàng)辦於1939年，於每年的5月10日至21日舉行，獎名稱為「金棕櫚獎」；
捷克.卡羅維法利國際電影節(jié)：創(chuàng)辦於1946年，於每年的7月5日至15日舉行，獎名稱為「水晶球獎」；
俄羅斯.莫斯科國際電影節(jié)：創(chuàng)辦於1959年，於每年的7月16日至29日舉行，獎名稱為「聖.喬治獎」；
加拿大.蒙特利爾國際電影節(jié)：創(chuàng)辦於1977年，於每年的8月25日至9月4日舉行，獎名稱為「美洲大獎」；
意大利.威尼斯國際電影節(jié)：創(chuàng)辦於1931年，於每年的8月30日至9月9日舉行，獎名稱為「金獅獎」；
西班牙.聖塞巴斯蒂安國際電影節(jié)：創(chuàng)辦於1953年，於每年的9月21日至30日舉行，獎名稱為「金貝殼獎」；
日本.東京國際電影節(jié)：創(chuàng)辦於1985年，於每年的10月28日至11月5日舉行，獎名稱為「東京大獎」；
阿根廷.馬塔布拉塔國際電影節(jié)：創(chuàng)辦於1989年，於每年的11月6日至25日舉行，獎名稱為「金樹商陸?yīng)劇梗?BR> 埃及.開羅國際電影節(jié)：創(chuàng)辦於1976年，於每年的11月7日至18日舉行，獎名稱為「金字塔獎」；
中國.上海國際電影節(jié)：創(chuàng)辦於1993年，從今年起每年6月上旬舉行，獎名稱為「金爵獎」。