Argument145
題目：
A new study collected data that shows that people who snore are more likely to gain weight than are people who do not snore. It is well known that many people who snore also stop breathing frequently during the night for a few seconds, a condition called sleep apnea. The interruption of breathing wakes the person—often so briefly that the waking goes unnoticed—and can leave the person too tired during the day to exercise. Anyone who snores, therefore, should try to eat less than the average person and to exercise more.
翻譯：
一項(xiàng)新的調(diào)查所收集的數(shù)據(jù)顯示打呼嚕的人比不打呼嚕的人更容易長胖。我們知道很多打呼嚕的人夜間也經(jīng)常有數(shù)秒鐘的呼吸停頓，這種現(xiàn)象被稱為睡眠呼吸中斷。這種呼吸的停頓導(dǎo)致本人醒來——通常十分短暫以至于不被察覺——并且會(huì)使本人在白天很累而無力鍛煉。因此，所有打呼嚕的人都應(yīng)該比正常人少吃多鍛煉。
分析：
根據(jù)作者的敘述，可以把整個(gè)段落梳理成如下的結(jié)構(gòu)：snore——sleep apnea——tired——no exercise——fat（上過張雷冬課的同學(xué)都知道撒，我覺得他的這個(gè)辦法挺好的，這樣梳理完，就可以從各個(gè)關(guān)節(jié)入手，開始挑刺了）
根據(jù)梳理出來的內(nèi)容，我們一句一句的挨個(gè)看：
第一句是個(gè)大環(huán)境，也就是我們說的前提。這句話擺在這里，萬萬動(dòng)不得。引用元老斑竹pooh JJ的話那就是“一定要分清前提和論點(diǎn)論據(jù)，有的人雖然每個(gè)駁論點(diǎn)都展開的很充分卻不知道自己做了無用功，那就是去駁人家的前提，沒有抓住重點(diǎn)。這種情況對于新手比較常見。給大家提個(gè)醒了”。
首先，作者認(rèn)為snore導(dǎo)致了sleep apnea。在第二句我們看見many這個(gè)字。這個(gè)字很可愛的，一看見就自然會(huì)想到：“恩？many？到底是多少呢？”所以錯(cuò)誤就出來了：數(shù)據(jù)模糊，不能成為有力的論據(jù)。具體的，可以聯(lián)想到比例的問題，比如說，不知道有多少比例的人真正有呼吸中斷的毛病。不知道m(xù)any的定義到底是怎么樣。100個(gè)也可以說是many，1000個(gè)也可以說是many。但是如果有1W個(gè)人打呼嚕，而只有100個(gè)人會(huì)呼吸中斷，那就不能說明問題了。
接下來，作者有說Sleep apnea導(dǎo)致tired，然而這個(gè)沒有科學(xué)的根據(jù)？“can leave the person too tired during the day to exercise. “這句話用了can這個(gè)字，很肯定的說法。但是我們可以挑刺說這句話是沒有證據(jù)支持的臆斷。他又說tried導(dǎo)致no exercise，這個(gè)是不是一定的？后作者下結(jié)論：no exercise就會(huì)fat，難道是必然的？有人喝涼水還能胖呢是不是？從另外的一個(gè)方面想，作者下結(jié)論說打呼嚕的人應(yīng)該少吃多鍛煉?？墒亲髡卟]有給出實(shí)質(zhì)性的證據(jù)來支持這個(gè)論斷。也就是說，打呼嚕的不一定吃的很多鍛煉不夠。
范文：Argument145
A new study collected data that shows that people who snore are more likely to gain weight than are people who do not snore. It is well known that many people who snore also stop breathing frequently during the night for a few seconds, a condition called sleep apnea. The interruption of breathing wakes the person—often so briefly that the waking goes unnoticed—and can leave the person too tired during the day to exercise. Anyone who snores, therefore, should try to eat less than the average person and to exercise more.
Giving some postulations and a result of a new study, the arguer recommend people who snore to try to eat less than the average person and to exercise more. It really sounds reasonable in skin-deep, but such a recommendation does suffer for logical flaws as represented as following.
Primarily, the result of study cited by the arguer is questionable. As a common sense, a reliable result comes from such a study directed by authorities in a scientific way. As part of the request, the subjects who are studied should not only be representative enough for the whole situation but also should be in a large number. Since all the factors are not mentioned at all in this argument, to cite and believe in the statistics of the study is nothing but a reckless and irresponsible decision.
Next, even if the result of the study is credible, the arguer still fails to provide sufficient evidence to show the causal link between the people who snore with their eating habit. The fact that people who snore are more likely to gain weight perhaps does nothing with how much they eat. Nothing is offered to prove that they usually eat more or at least equally to the average. It is entirely possible that they eat even less than the average. Their gaining weight is likely to be linked with the snoring habit as the study shows for some nerval diseases. To suggest them try to eat less than the average is an advocacy lack of round consideration.
What is more, it is incorrect to advise them to do more exercises by the arguer, too. Firstly, as the same reason mentioned above, there is no necessary relationship between those who snore with their exercise habit because it is kept unknown whether they do exercises enough or insufficiently or too much. Secondly, is the fact suitable for all snoring people that they take pains of sleep apnea? The word used by the arguer “many” should not be misunderstood as “all” randomly. Moreover, granted that sleep apnea makes all snoring people too tired to exercise, it is well likely to make the sense even worse if they are forced to do more exercise under such a feeble physical situation, even cause them in dangers especially without doctors’ direction. In brief, more exercises would probably not be an advice as good as the arguer states for the snoring people’s health.
In conclusion, the flaws represented above do weaken the arguer's reasoning. His/her suggestion would not be acceptable until more information about the actual relationship between people’s snoring habit and their health situation is provided. And more exact studies about the food amount they take every day and the extent of their exercise should be waged as well.
題目：
A new study collected data that shows that people who snore are more likely to gain weight than are people who do not snore. It is well known that many people who snore also stop breathing frequently during the night for a few seconds, a condition called sleep apnea. The interruption of breathing wakes the person—often so briefly that the waking goes unnoticed—and can leave the person too tired during the day to exercise. Anyone who snores, therefore, should try to eat less than the average person and to exercise more.
翻譯：
一項(xiàng)新的調(diào)查所收集的數(shù)據(jù)顯示打呼嚕的人比不打呼嚕的人更容易長胖。我們知道很多打呼嚕的人夜間也經(jīng)常有數(shù)秒鐘的呼吸停頓，這種現(xiàn)象被稱為睡眠呼吸中斷。這種呼吸的停頓導(dǎo)致本人醒來——通常十分短暫以至于不被察覺——并且會(huì)使本人在白天很累而無力鍛煉。因此，所有打呼嚕的人都應(yīng)該比正常人少吃多鍛煉。
分析：
根據(jù)作者的敘述，可以把整個(gè)段落梳理成如下的結(jié)構(gòu)：snore——sleep apnea——tired——no exercise——fat（上過張雷冬課的同學(xué)都知道撒，我覺得他的這個(gè)辦法挺好的，這樣梳理完，就可以從各個(gè)關(guān)節(jié)入手，開始挑刺了）
根據(jù)梳理出來的內(nèi)容，我們一句一句的挨個(gè)看：
第一句是個(gè)大環(huán)境，也就是我們說的前提。這句話擺在這里，萬萬動(dòng)不得。引用元老斑竹pooh JJ的話那就是“一定要分清前提和論點(diǎn)論據(jù)，有的人雖然每個(gè)駁論點(diǎn)都展開的很充分卻不知道自己做了無用功，那就是去駁人家的前提，沒有抓住重點(diǎn)。這種情況對于新手比較常見。給大家提個(gè)醒了”。
首先，作者認(rèn)為snore導(dǎo)致了sleep apnea。在第二句我們看見many這個(gè)字。這個(gè)字很可愛的，一看見就自然會(huì)想到：“恩？many？到底是多少呢？”所以錯(cuò)誤就出來了：數(shù)據(jù)模糊，不能成為有力的論據(jù)。具體的，可以聯(lián)想到比例的問題，比如說，不知道有多少比例的人真正有呼吸中斷的毛病。不知道m(xù)any的定義到底是怎么樣。100個(gè)也可以說是many，1000個(gè)也可以說是many。但是如果有1W個(gè)人打呼嚕，而只有100個(gè)人會(huì)呼吸中斷，那就不能說明問題了。
接下來，作者有說Sleep apnea導(dǎo)致tired，然而這個(gè)沒有科學(xué)的根據(jù)？“can leave the person too tired during the day to exercise. “這句話用了can這個(gè)字，很肯定的說法。但是我們可以挑刺說這句話是沒有證據(jù)支持的臆斷。他又說tried導(dǎo)致no exercise，這個(gè)是不是一定的？后作者下結(jié)論：no exercise就會(huì)fat，難道是必然的？有人喝涼水還能胖呢是不是？從另外的一個(gè)方面想，作者下結(jié)論說打呼嚕的人應(yīng)該少吃多鍛煉?？墒亲髡卟]有給出實(shí)質(zhì)性的證據(jù)來支持這個(gè)論斷。也就是說，打呼嚕的不一定吃的很多鍛煉不夠。
范文：Argument145
A new study collected data that shows that people who snore are more likely to gain weight than are people who do not snore. It is well known that many people who snore also stop breathing frequently during the night for a few seconds, a condition called sleep apnea. The interruption of breathing wakes the person—often so briefly that the waking goes unnoticed—and can leave the person too tired during the day to exercise. Anyone who snores, therefore, should try to eat less than the average person and to exercise more.
Giving some postulations and a result of a new study, the arguer recommend people who snore to try to eat less than the average person and to exercise more. It really sounds reasonable in skin-deep, but such a recommendation does suffer for logical flaws as represented as following.
Primarily, the result of study cited by the arguer is questionable. As a common sense, a reliable result comes from such a study directed by authorities in a scientific way. As part of the request, the subjects who are studied should not only be representative enough for the whole situation but also should be in a large number. Since all the factors are not mentioned at all in this argument, to cite and believe in the statistics of the study is nothing but a reckless and irresponsible decision.
Next, even if the result of the study is credible, the arguer still fails to provide sufficient evidence to show the causal link between the people who snore with their eating habit. The fact that people who snore are more likely to gain weight perhaps does nothing with how much they eat. Nothing is offered to prove that they usually eat more or at least equally to the average. It is entirely possible that they eat even less than the average. Their gaining weight is likely to be linked with the snoring habit as the study shows for some nerval diseases. To suggest them try to eat less than the average is an advocacy lack of round consideration.
What is more, it is incorrect to advise them to do more exercises by the arguer, too. Firstly, as the same reason mentioned above, there is no necessary relationship between those who snore with their exercise habit because it is kept unknown whether they do exercises enough or insufficiently or too much. Secondly, is the fact suitable for all snoring people that they take pains of sleep apnea? The word used by the arguer “many” should not be misunderstood as “all” randomly. Moreover, granted that sleep apnea makes all snoring people too tired to exercise, it is well likely to make the sense even worse if they are forced to do more exercise under such a feeble physical situation, even cause them in dangers especially without doctors’ direction. In brief, more exercises would probably not be an advice as good as the arguer states for the snoring people’s health.
In conclusion, the flaws represented above do weaken the arguer's reasoning. His/her suggestion would not be acceptable until more information about the actual relationship between people’s snoring habit and their health situation is provided. And more exact studies about the food amount they take every day and the extent of their exercise should be waged as well.