2009年自考英語(一)串講筆記

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題型分析
    考試共有七個部分,如下:
    客觀題部分(50分)
    I. Vocabulary and Structure(詞匯和結構)
    II. Cloze Test(完形填空)
    III. Reading Comprehension(閱讀理解)
    主觀題部分(50分)
    IV. Word Spelling (詞匯拼寫)
    V. Word Form(詞形填空)
    VI. C-E Translation(句子漢譯英)
    VII. E-C Translation(文章英譯漢)
    客觀題型的考查方式和答題策略
    I.Vocabulary and Structure (詞匯和結構)
    顧名思義,該題主要考查詞匯(包括短語)和語法結構方面的知識。詞匯知識包括詞匯或短語的意思;詞形或詞義相近詞或短語的辨異;詞語固定搭配等。語法結構知識主要包括一些句法方面的知識,如時態(tài)、語態(tài)、虛擬語氣、句型以及從句的構成等?,F(xiàn)以近年來英語(一)真題為例加以說明。
    1. 考查詞匯(或短語)的意思
    例一
    Garage-sale items are usually priced at a very small part of their _____ cost.
    reluctant
    original
    advanced
    recent
    答案為B.本題考查考生是否清楚四個選項中各個單詞的含義。A——勉強的;B——最初的;C——高級的;D——最近的。題中要表達“原來的價格”,就只能用original與cost搭配。
    例二
    Some people who are successful language learners find it difficult to ______ in other fields.
    A. succeed
    B. result
    C. achieve
    D. score
    答案為A.該題也是需要清楚四個單詞的含義。另外,還可以抓住題干中的提示詞“successful”來選擇。
    例三
    Up to now there have been many explanations _____ the cause of sleepwalking.
    in view of
    in line with
    apart from
    as to
    答案為D.本題考查短語的意思。A——考慮到,由于;B——符合;C——除……之外:D——關于,就。只要知道四個短語的意思,不難選出答案為D.
    2. 考查詞形相近詞或短語的辨析
    例一
    To our delight, she quickly ____ herself to the situation.
    adopted
    adapted
    attached
    appealed
    答案為B.四個選項中的詞詞形相近,但意思相去甚遠。A——采用,收養(yǎng);B——適應,用法是adapt oneself to sth.;C——系上, 貼上;D——求助,吸引。解此類題時,首先要注意題干中暗示的搭配結構,再看選項中有哪個詞有這個搭配,然后將其代入句子,看意思是否合理通順。
    例二
    Scientists could see many things that most people would ____ to see.
    A. feel
    B. fail
    C. fall
    D. fill
    答案為B.四個詞詞形相近,但用法不同,四個詞中只有fail后能加不定式。fail to do的意思是“未能……”。
    3. 考查詞義相近詞或短語的辨析
    例一
    Heart surgery causes the costs of general hospital care to ____.
    A. raise
    B. arise
    C. rise
    D. arouse
    答案為C.四個選項不僅詞形相似,詞義也相近,這類題對考生有一定的難度。解題的關鍵是要注意詞性和確切的詞義。該題要求填入的詞的意思是“上升”,據(jù)此將B(出現(xiàn),起因于)和D(睡醒,喚起)排除。然后再看詞性,題目要求填入不及物動詞(vi.),而raise是及物動詞(vt.),所以答案就是C了。
    例二
    Large and powerful, the atmosphere consists of an ocean of gases hundreds of miles _____.
    high
    higher
    highly
    height
    答案為A.四個選項的四個詞都和“高”這個含義相關。但本題考查的結構是數(shù)詞+量詞+high (wide/long/deep),表示“多高、多寬、多長、多深”的含義。
    4. 考查詞語固定搭配
    例一
    The old movie reminded them ____ the wonderful time they had spent together.
    A. to
    B. for
    C. in
    D. of
    答案為D.本題考查remind一詞的固定搭配,它有兩個用法:remind ******************. of sth. (使……想起),remind ******************. to do sth. (提醒某人去做某事)。本題考查的是第一個搭配結構。
    例二
    The traditional view that men are superior _____ women still exists in some remote areas.
    over
    to
    for
    than
    答案為B.superior (較高的)有比較的含義,但它的固定搭配是be superior to ******************. /sth.。它的反義詞inferior也是相同的用法:be inferior to ******************. /sth.。
    例三
    Since time is limited, we''d better ____ our task.
    get on
    get over
    get across
    get into
    答案為D.本題考查與get有關的短語。四個短語的意思分別為“獲得進展”、“克服困難”、“渡過”、“進入……狀態(tài)”,根據(jù)句義選擇D,表示“我們進入到任務中去”,即“著手進行這項任務”??忌枰⒁庖恍┏R妱釉~的固定搭配:break, bring, come, get, give, go, hold, keep, leave, look, make, put, run, set, take, turn, work,請考生根據(jù)考綱復習相關短語。
    5. 考查語法結構知識:時態(tài)、語態(tài)、虛擬語氣、句型、從句等
    例一
    We often hear old people wishing they ____young again.
    A. are
    B. were
    C. had been
    D. will be
    答案為B.本題考查的是wish虛擬語氣的用法。
    例二
    Only after class ____ to raise the question.
    did he allowed
    was he allowed
    he was allowed
    did he allow
    答案為B.本題考查的是倒裝句和被動語態(tài)。
    例三
    ______ or not you''re conscious of it, you’re constantly valuing items in dollars.
    As
    Whether
    However
    If
    答案為B.本題考查的是讓步狀語從句中從屬連詞的選擇。
    II.Close Test (完形填空)
    本大題考查的重點為語法,如一致關系、動詞時態(tài)、語態(tài)、名詞的數(shù)、代詞、形容詞和副詞的級、連詞、介詞等。其次還涉及詞匯知識,??汲S迷~和慣用語用法。也考查對文章大意和上下文的銜接的理解和把握。
    完形填空題的解答步驟有三:第一步,先通讀全文,了解文章內(nèi)容梗概,從整體上把握文章,把自己確信的空填上;第二步精讀文章,解答各空,解答時要“瞻前顧后”,要注意上下文的銜接的理解和把握;第三步將選擇的答案代入文章,通讀全文,看選擇的答案是否符合語法和全文意思。
    下面以2005年上半年試題中的完形填空為例加以說明:
    What happens when you get into an argument? Do you 11 your tempter and storm out of the room, or do you give 12 ? If you have been on your feet all day cleaning the house 13 your hu******************and gets home from work and immediately 14 his dinner, do you scream 15 him, or do you go off and cry in the kitchen?
    If you believe in the art of compromise (妥協(xié)), you''ll find a solution that 16 everybody. In this way, no one loses 17 and everyone keeps his high opinion 18 everyone else. So, if you
    …………