8.本句中“ in which highly structured， fast-paced and stressful work looms large in life” 是定語(yǔ)從句修飾 “ urban society”。 “In a urban society ………in life” 是整個(gè)句子的狀語(yǔ)。主句的主語(yǔ)是experiences，謂語(yǔ)是can lead to ……
loom v.（危險(xiǎn)）逼近，朦朧出現(xiàn)
短語(yǔ) loom large 意思是“顯得嚴(yán)重（突出），陰影逼近
“ be it television watching or bird-watching” 是讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，省去了連接詞whether， 系動(dòng)詞be 放到了主語(yǔ)it 之前。不倒裝的形式為：
whether it is television watching or bird-watching.
在城市社會(huì)中，結(jié)構(gòu)緊密、節(jié)奏快捷、充滿壓力的工作籠罩著人們的生活，某種不同性質(zhì)的經(jīng)歷，不管是看電視還是看鳥(niǎo)，都能導(dǎo)致自我更新和一種更加“平衡”的生活方式。
Since leisure is basically self-determined， one is able to take to one‘s interests and preferences and get involved in an activity in ways that will bring enjoyment and satisfaction.
9.Since 引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句，that 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句
由于休閑基本上是自己決定的事，個(gè)人就可以培養(yǎng)自己的興趣和愛(ài)好，并以能為自己帶來(lái)享樂(lè)和滿足的方式參與某項(xiàng)活動(dòng)。
第三部分：Paras.7——9
Our likes and dislikes， tastes and preferences that underlie our choices of such activities as reading books， going to the cinema， camping， or certain cultural pursuits， are all related to social contexts and learning experiences. We acquire interests in a variety of things and subjects from our families， schools， jobs， and the mass media. Basically， such attitudes amount to a recognition that leisure is an important area of life and a belief that leisure can and should be put to good use.
10.Our likes and dislikes， tastes and preferences that underlie our choices of such activities as reading books， going to the cinema， camping， or certain cultural pursuits， are all related to social ontexts and learning experiences.
that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句修飾our likes and dislikes， tastes and preferences.
我們的喜愛(ài)與厭惡、品味與偏愛(ài)決定我們選擇這樣的活動(dòng)，如：讀書(shū)、看電影、野營(yíng)、或者某些文化追求，所有這些活動(dòng)均與社會(huì)環(huán)境和學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)歷有關(guān)。
11.Basically， such attitudes amount to a recognition that leisure is an important area of life and of a belief that leisure can and should be put to good use.
此句中的兩個(gè)that 從句都是同位語(yǔ)從句，分別修飾recognition 和belief .
基本上說(shuō)，上述態(tài)度相當(dāng)于一個(gè)共識(shí)：休閑是生活的一個(gè)重要方面；相當(dāng)于一個(gè)信念：休閑能夠并且應(yīng)該充分利用。
amount to：達(dá)到，到…之多；相當(dāng)于， 例如：
My income for that year amounts to $10，000 . 那一年我的收入達(dá)10，000美元。
Your words amount to a refusal. 你的話相當(dāng)于拒絕
Professional workers in recreation services， too， will find that to impart positive leisure attitudes to the general public is essential for motivating them to use their leisure in creative and satisfying ways. Hence， it can be argued that the people with whom we come into contact in these various contexts are all likely to have exerted some influence in shaping our attitudes， interests and even skills relevant to how we handle leisure. Influence of this kind is a form of leadership.
12.Professional workers in recreation services， too， will find that to impart positive leisure attitudes to the general public is essential for motivating them to use their leisure in creative and satisfying ways
此句中find 后是that 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，在賓語(yǔ)從句中，從句的主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)詞不定式 “ to impart positive leisure attitudes to the general public” ， 謂語(yǔ)是系表結(jié)構(gòu)“ is essential”。
“for” 之后的部分是介詞短語(yǔ)作essential 的狀語(yǔ)，表示目的。
從事娛樂(lè)業(yè)的專業(yè)工作者也會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，培養(yǎng)大眾積極的休閑態(tài)度對(duì)促進(jìn)他們以創(chuàng)造性的，滿意的方式利用休閑時(shí)間十分必要。
13.Hence， it can be argued that the people with whom we come into contact in these various contexts are all likely to have exerted some influence in shaping our attitudes， interests and even skills relevant to how we handle leisure.
此句的主干結(jié)構(gòu)是主語(yǔ)從句it 作形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是 “that the people …。 handle leisure”。在主語(yǔ)從句中，主語(yǔ)是the people，“with whom we come into contact in these various contexts” 是其定語(yǔ)?！拔覀?cè)谶@些不同環(huán)境中接觸的人”“ come into contact with” 是固定搭配表示“與… 相聯(lián)系”，“與…接觸”。 在本句中，介詞 “with” 提前到whom 前面。謂語(yǔ)是are all likely to have exerted some influence“很可能產(chǎn)生某些影響”
“shaping 后接三個(gè)并列賓語(yǔ)，即our attitudes， interests 和skills； relevant to how we handle leisure 是形容詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)修飾skills ， 其中的how we …是relevant to 的賓語(yǔ)從句。
因此，可以這么說(shuō)，我們?cè)诓煌h(huán)境中接觸的人都可能對(duì)形成我們的態(tài)度、興趣、甚至對(duì)如何處理休閑時(shí)間的技巧產(chǎn)生某些影響。
Parents， teachers in schools， work associates and communicator in or using the mass media are all capable of arousing our potential interests. For example， the degree to which and the ways in which a school encourages participation in games， sports and cultural pursuit are likely to contribute to the shaping of leisure attitudes on the part of the students.
loom v.（危險(xiǎn)）逼近，朦朧出現(xiàn)
短語(yǔ) loom large 意思是“顯得嚴(yán)重（突出），陰影逼近
“ be it television watching or bird-watching” 是讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，省去了連接詞whether， 系動(dòng)詞be 放到了主語(yǔ)it 之前。不倒裝的形式為：
whether it is television watching or bird-watching.
在城市社會(huì)中，結(jié)構(gòu)緊密、節(jié)奏快捷、充滿壓力的工作籠罩著人們的生活，某種不同性質(zhì)的經(jīng)歷，不管是看電視還是看鳥(niǎo)，都能導(dǎo)致自我更新和一種更加“平衡”的生活方式。
Since leisure is basically self-determined， one is able to take to one‘s interests and preferences and get involved in an activity in ways that will bring enjoyment and satisfaction.
9.Since 引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句，that 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句
由于休閑基本上是自己決定的事，個(gè)人就可以培養(yǎng)自己的興趣和愛(ài)好，并以能為自己帶來(lái)享樂(lè)和滿足的方式參與某項(xiàng)活動(dòng)。
第三部分：Paras.7——9
Our likes and dislikes， tastes and preferences that underlie our choices of such activities as reading books， going to the cinema， camping， or certain cultural pursuits， are all related to social contexts and learning experiences. We acquire interests in a variety of things and subjects from our families， schools， jobs， and the mass media. Basically， such attitudes amount to a recognition that leisure is an important area of life and a belief that leisure can and should be put to good use.
10.Our likes and dislikes， tastes and preferences that underlie our choices of such activities as reading books， going to the cinema， camping， or certain cultural pursuits， are all related to social ontexts and learning experiences.
that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句修飾our likes and dislikes， tastes and preferences.
我們的喜愛(ài)與厭惡、品味與偏愛(ài)決定我們選擇這樣的活動(dòng)，如：讀書(shū)、看電影、野營(yíng)、或者某些文化追求，所有這些活動(dòng)均與社會(huì)環(huán)境和學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)歷有關(guān)。
11.Basically， such attitudes amount to a recognition that leisure is an important area of life and of a belief that leisure can and should be put to good use.
此句中的兩個(gè)that 從句都是同位語(yǔ)從句，分別修飾recognition 和belief .
基本上說(shuō)，上述態(tài)度相當(dāng)于一個(gè)共識(shí)：休閑是生活的一個(gè)重要方面；相當(dāng)于一個(gè)信念：休閑能夠并且應(yīng)該充分利用。
amount to：達(dá)到，到…之多；相當(dāng)于， 例如：
My income for that year amounts to $10，000 . 那一年我的收入達(dá)10，000美元。
Your words amount to a refusal. 你的話相當(dāng)于拒絕
Professional workers in recreation services， too， will find that to impart positive leisure attitudes to the general public is essential for motivating them to use their leisure in creative and satisfying ways. Hence， it can be argued that the people with whom we come into contact in these various contexts are all likely to have exerted some influence in shaping our attitudes， interests and even skills relevant to how we handle leisure. Influence of this kind is a form of leadership.
12.Professional workers in recreation services， too， will find that to impart positive leisure attitudes to the general public is essential for motivating them to use their leisure in creative and satisfying ways
此句中find 后是that 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，在賓語(yǔ)從句中，從句的主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)詞不定式 “ to impart positive leisure attitudes to the general public” ， 謂語(yǔ)是系表結(jié)構(gòu)“ is essential”。
“for” 之后的部分是介詞短語(yǔ)作essential 的狀語(yǔ)，表示目的。
從事娛樂(lè)業(yè)的專業(yè)工作者也會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，培養(yǎng)大眾積極的休閑態(tài)度對(duì)促進(jìn)他們以創(chuàng)造性的，滿意的方式利用休閑時(shí)間十分必要。
13.Hence， it can be argued that the people with whom we come into contact in these various contexts are all likely to have exerted some influence in shaping our attitudes， interests and even skills relevant to how we handle leisure.
此句的主干結(jié)構(gòu)是主語(yǔ)從句it 作形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是 “that the people …。 handle leisure”。在主語(yǔ)從句中，主語(yǔ)是the people，“with whom we come into contact in these various contexts” 是其定語(yǔ)?！拔覀?cè)谶@些不同環(huán)境中接觸的人”“ come into contact with” 是固定搭配表示“與… 相聯(lián)系”，“與…接觸”。 在本句中，介詞 “with” 提前到whom 前面。謂語(yǔ)是are all likely to have exerted some influence“很可能產(chǎn)生某些影響”
“shaping 后接三個(gè)并列賓語(yǔ)，即our attitudes， interests 和skills； relevant to how we handle leisure 是形容詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)修飾skills ， 其中的how we …是relevant to 的賓語(yǔ)從句。
因此，可以這么說(shuō)，我們?cè)诓煌h(huán)境中接觸的人都可能對(duì)形成我們的態(tài)度、興趣、甚至對(duì)如何處理休閑時(shí)間的技巧產(chǎn)生某些影響。
Parents， teachers in schools， work associates and communicator in or using the mass media are all capable of arousing our potential interests. For example， the degree to which and the ways in which a school encourages participation in games， sports and cultural pursuit are likely to contribute to the shaping of leisure attitudes on the part of the students.