9.“which is four hours different”是定語從句修飾zone. “ which are normally set together” 和 “ which have been reset a few hour apart” 是兩個(gè)定語從句修飾 clocks.
此句意思：然而如果你把整個(gè)身體移到一個(gè)時(shí)差4個(gè)小時(shí)的時(shí)區(qū)，兩個(gè)時(shí)鐘就不再同步，正像兩個(gè)鬧鐘通常被一起定時(shí)，但現(xiàn)在定時(shí)相差幾個(gè)小時(shí)。
10.whereas連接讓步狀語從句，意為“盡管，雖然”全句的大意是：盡管兩個(gè)鬧鐘通常同時(shí)報(bào)時(shí)，但現(xiàn)在則在不同時(shí)間報(bào)時(shí)。
In time the physiological system will reset itself， but it does take time.⑾ One easily monitored rhythm is palm sweating. A man flown to a time zone different by 10 hours will take eight days to readjust his palm sweat. Blood pressure， which is also rhythmical， takes four days to readjust.（12）
11.In time the physiological system will reset itself， but it does take time.
it does take time 是強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語動詞。經(jīng)過一段時(shí)間后，生理系統(tǒng)將會自我調(diào)整過來，但這需要時(shí)間。
12.which 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句， 修飾blood pressure.
此句意思：血壓也是有節(jié)奏性的，需要4天才能調(diào)整過來。
One reason for this discrepancy is that different bodily events are controlled by different factors. （13） The hormone cortisol， which controls salt and water excretion， is made in the morning， wherever the body is. But the growth hormone is released during sleep， whenever in the day that sleep occurs. （14 ） Normally these two hormones are separated by seven or eight hours， but if the body arrives at a destination in the early morning （local） and goes to sleep as soon as possible， the two hormones will be released simultaneously.
13.此句是一個(gè)表語從句，that 引導(dǎo)一個(gè)從句作表語。此句意思：出現(xiàn)這種差異的一個(gè)原因是人體的不同活動受到不同因素的支配。
14.whenever 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。Whenever in the day 意為“不管在一天中的什么時(shí)候”；that sleep 是從句的主語，that 是指示代詞修飾sleep.
全句意思：但生長激素在睡眠時(shí)才分泌，而不論一天中什么時(shí)候睡覺。
What can we do about it？ It is not feasible to wait four days until the body is used to the new time zone. Fortunately there is a short cut. It relies on two things - the power of the stomach to regulate the timing of other events， and the pharmacological actions of coffee.
The basic assumptions are：
Coffee delays the body clock in the morning， and advances it at night. Coffee at mid-afternoon is neutral. （15）
15.該句中neutral 意為“中性的”，在這里是與上文的delay 和advance 相對，表示“既不推遲，也不提前” 譯為：下午三點(diǎn)左右喝咖啡對人體時(shí)鐘不起作用。
Protein in meals stimulates wakefulness， while carbohydrates promote sleep.
Putting food into an empty stomach helps synchronize the body clock.
Text B Controlling your concentration
New Words
1.span n. 1.指距，一拃寬；2.跨距；3.一段時(shí)間
2.fluctuate vi. 1.波動，起伏；2.動搖，不定；vt. 使波動，使起伏
3.fluctuation n. 波動，起伏
4.tick n.（鐘表的）滴答聲；vi.（鐘表的）滴答響
5.fade vi. 1.凋謝，枯萎；2.（顏色）褪去；
3.（聲音等）衰弱下去；vt.使褪色
6.illusion n. 錯(cuò)覺；幻覺
7.duration n. 持續(xù)；持續(xù)時(shí)間
8.infrequent a. 很少發(fā)生的
9.illustration n.1.說明；2.例證，插圖
10.moderate a.1.中等的，適度的；2.溫和的，有節(jié)制的
11.distraction n.1.精神渙散，精神不集中；2.消遣，娛樂
12.distractor n. 分散注意力的東西
13.focal a.焦點(diǎn)的
14.remedy n. 1.治療；2.補(bǔ)救（法）；vt. 1.治療；2.補(bǔ)救，糾正
15.fearful a. 1.可怕的，嚇人的；2.害怕的，膽怯的
此句意思：然而如果你把整個(gè)身體移到一個(gè)時(shí)差4個(gè)小時(shí)的時(shí)區(qū)，兩個(gè)時(shí)鐘就不再同步，正像兩個(gè)鬧鐘通常被一起定時(shí)，但現(xiàn)在定時(shí)相差幾個(gè)小時(shí)。
10.whereas連接讓步狀語從句，意為“盡管，雖然”全句的大意是：盡管兩個(gè)鬧鐘通常同時(shí)報(bào)時(shí)，但現(xiàn)在則在不同時(shí)間報(bào)時(shí)。
In time the physiological system will reset itself， but it does take time.⑾ One easily monitored rhythm is palm sweating. A man flown to a time zone different by 10 hours will take eight days to readjust his palm sweat. Blood pressure， which is also rhythmical， takes four days to readjust.（12）
11.In time the physiological system will reset itself， but it does take time.
it does take time 是強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語動詞。經(jīng)過一段時(shí)間后，生理系統(tǒng)將會自我調(diào)整過來，但這需要時(shí)間。
12.which 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句， 修飾blood pressure.
此句意思：血壓也是有節(jié)奏性的，需要4天才能調(diào)整過來。
One reason for this discrepancy is that different bodily events are controlled by different factors. （13） The hormone cortisol， which controls salt and water excretion， is made in the morning， wherever the body is. But the growth hormone is released during sleep， whenever in the day that sleep occurs. （14 ） Normally these two hormones are separated by seven or eight hours， but if the body arrives at a destination in the early morning （local） and goes to sleep as soon as possible， the two hormones will be released simultaneously.
13.此句是一個(gè)表語從句，that 引導(dǎo)一個(gè)從句作表語。此句意思：出現(xiàn)這種差異的一個(gè)原因是人體的不同活動受到不同因素的支配。
14.whenever 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。Whenever in the day 意為“不管在一天中的什么時(shí)候”；that sleep 是從句的主語，that 是指示代詞修飾sleep.
全句意思：但生長激素在睡眠時(shí)才分泌，而不論一天中什么時(shí)候睡覺。
What can we do about it？ It is not feasible to wait four days until the body is used to the new time zone. Fortunately there is a short cut. It relies on two things - the power of the stomach to regulate the timing of other events， and the pharmacological actions of coffee.
The basic assumptions are：
Coffee delays the body clock in the morning， and advances it at night. Coffee at mid-afternoon is neutral. （15）
15.該句中neutral 意為“中性的”，在這里是與上文的delay 和advance 相對，表示“既不推遲，也不提前” 譯為：下午三點(diǎn)左右喝咖啡對人體時(shí)鐘不起作用。
Protein in meals stimulates wakefulness， while carbohydrates promote sleep.
Putting food into an empty stomach helps synchronize the body clock.
Text B Controlling your concentration
New Words
1.span n. 1.指距，一拃寬；2.跨距；3.一段時(shí)間
2.fluctuate vi. 1.波動，起伏；2.動搖，不定；vt. 使波動，使起伏
3.fluctuation n. 波動，起伏
4.tick n.（鐘表的）滴答聲；vi.（鐘表的）滴答響
5.fade vi. 1.凋謝，枯萎；2.（顏色）褪去；
3.（聲音等）衰弱下去；vt.使褪色
6.illusion n. 錯(cuò)覺；幻覺
7.duration n. 持續(xù)；持續(xù)時(shí)間
8.infrequent a. 很少發(fā)生的
9.illustration n.1.說明；2.例證，插圖
10.moderate a.1.中等的，適度的；2.溫和的，有節(jié)制的
11.distraction n.1.精神渙散，精神不集中；2.消遣，娛樂
12.distractor n. 分散注意力的東西
13.focal a.焦點(diǎn)的
14.remedy n. 1.治療；2.補(bǔ)救（法）；vt. 1.治療；2.補(bǔ)救，糾正
15.fearful a. 1.可怕的，嚇人的；2.害怕的，膽怯的