7.on occasion ： 有時(shí)，間或
eg：He has， on occasion ， made small mistakes. 他有時(shí)犯一些小錯(cuò)誤。
8.in vain ： 無(wú)效地；徒然
eg：All our work was in vain.我們的工作都白干了。
How can someone， hour after hour， day after day， year in and year out， tighten approximately the same nut to the same bolt and not go mad？（1）That most working people do not， in fact， go mad is due in large measure to a phenomenon so common that it is found wherever people labor in industry： taking it easy. （2）It would take some kind of real mental case to do all the work one could all day long. No one expects it. Taking it easy on the job while someone else covers your work， or “working on and off，” as it is usually called in America， is an established part of the working life.
1.How can someone， hour after hour， day after day， year in and year out， tighten approximately the same nut to the same bolt and not go mad ？ （para.1）
這是一個(gè)反意問句，意為：“一個(gè)人時(shí)復(fù)一時(shí)，日復(fù)一日，年復(fù)一年地把幾乎同樣的螺母擰到螺釘上，又怎么能不發(fā)瘋呢？”
2.That most working people do not， in fact， go mad is due in large measure to a phenomenon so common that it is found wherever people labor in industry： taking it easy.（para.1）
That most working people do not， in fact， go mad 是主語(yǔ)從句，that 是只起連接作用，不在句中擔(dān)任任何成分。
so common that 中，that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句，句中的it是指前邊的 a phenomenon.
wherever people labor in industry：地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句。
全句譯為：“事實(shí)上大多數(shù)勞動(dòng)人民之所以沒有精神錯(cuò)亂，很多程度上應(yīng)是由于一個(gè)
無(wú)論人們?cè)谀膫€(gè)行業(yè)都普遍存在的現(xiàn)象，不緊不慢的干活。“
Working on and off， however， has its limits. The rules are infinitely varied， subtle， and flexible， and， of course， they are always changing. Management， up to a certain level at least， is aware of the practice， and in some industries employs entire cadres of people to curtail or put an end to it. （3）Simultaneously， the workers are subtly doing their best to keep it going and to extend it wherever possible.
3.Management， up to a certain level at least， is aware of the practice， and in some industries
employs entire cadres of people to curtail or put an end to it （para.2）
up to a certain level at least 修飾 management ，意思是“至少到了一定層次的管理部門”
the practice 指的是前一段提到的“干干停停”（on and off ）
some industries “某些行業(yè)”
譯為：“管理部門，至少達(dá)到某種層次的管理部門，是知道這個(gè)干法，因此在某些行業(yè)他們雇用整套骨干班子，以減少和杜絕這種干干停停的可能性?！?BR> Every worker has a highly developed sense of how much work is expected of him. When he feels that the expectation is excessive， he tries to do something about it. This instinct has to do with the political nature of work itself， something every modern worker understands.（4）The bosses want more from the worker than they are willing to give in return. （5）The workers give work， and the bosses give money. The exchange is never quite equal， and the discrepancy is called profit. Since the bosses cannot do without profit， workers have an edge. A good worker in a key spot could， so long as he kept up production， take all the coffee breaks he wanted，（6）and the bosses would very likely look the other way. He could also choose to cut down on the coffee breaks， apply himself， and increase production， and then ask for and get more money. But that would be self-defeating， and he knows it. It would also place him in competition with other workers， which would be playing into the bosses' hands.（7）What he would rather do is create some slack for himself and enjoy his job more.（8）
4.This instinct has to do with the political nature of work itself， something every modern worker understands. （para.3）
something 是the political nature of work itself 的同位語(yǔ)
譯為：“這種本能與工作本身的政治性質(zhì)有關(guān)，這一點(diǎn)每個(gè)現(xiàn)代工人都明白。”
5.The bosses want more from the worker than they are willing to give in return. （para.3）
in return：回報(bào)
“老板想從工人身上榨取比他愿意回報(bào)給個(gè)人的酬金更多的東西?！?BR> 6.A good worker in a key spot could， so long as he kept up production， take all the coffee breaks
he wanted. （para.3）
so long as：只要…就
“關(guān)鍵崗位上的一個(gè)好工人，只要他保證產(chǎn)量不降低，就能盡情地利用工間休息?！?BR> 7.It would also place him in competition with other workers， which would be playing into the bosses' hands. （para.3）
which 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾前面整個(gè)句子。即“他和別的工人產(chǎn)生競(jìng)爭(zhēng)”這件事。
8.What he would rather do is create some slack for himself and enjoy his job more. （ para.3）
What he would rather do 主語(yǔ)從句中有 do ，因此兩個(gè)作表語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式create： 和 enjoy： 前面都省略了to .
At present on the West Coast， when a gang of longshoremen working on cargo start a shift， they often divide themselves into two equal groups and toss a coin. One group goes into the far reaches of the slip's hold and sits around. The other group starts loading cargo， usually working with a vengeance， since each one of them is doing the work of two men. An hour later， the groups change places. In other words ， although my fellow longshoremen and I are getting paid for eight hours， on occasion we work only four .If someone reading this feels a sense of moral outrage because we are sitting down on the job， I am sorry.（9）I have searched my mind in vain for a polite way to tell that reader to go to hell.（10）
eg：He has， on occasion ， made small mistakes. 他有時(shí)犯一些小錯(cuò)誤。
8.in vain ： 無(wú)效地；徒然
eg：All our work was in vain.我們的工作都白干了。
How can someone， hour after hour， day after day， year in and year out， tighten approximately the same nut to the same bolt and not go mad？（1）That most working people do not， in fact， go mad is due in large measure to a phenomenon so common that it is found wherever people labor in industry： taking it easy. （2）It would take some kind of real mental case to do all the work one could all day long. No one expects it. Taking it easy on the job while someone else covers your work， or “working on and off，” as it is usually called in America， is an established part of the working life.
1.How can someone， hour after hour， day after day， year in and year out， tighten approximately the same nut to the same bolt and not go mad ？ （para.1）
這是一個(gè)反意問句，意為：“一個(gè)人時(shí)復(fù)一時(shí)，日復(fù)一日，年復(fù)一年地把幾乎同樣的螺母擰到螺釘上，又怎么能不發(fā)瘋呢？”
2.That most working people do not， in fact， go mad is due in large measure to a phenomenon so common that it is found wherever people labor in industry： taking it easy.（para.1）
That most working people do not， in fact， go mad 是主語(yǔ)從句，that 是只起連接作用，不在句中擔(dān)任任何成分。
so common that 中，that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句，句中的it是指前邊的 a phenomenon.
wherever people labor in industry：地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句。
全句譯為：“事實(shí)上大多數(shù)勞動(dòng)人民之所以沒有精神錯(cuò)亂，很多程度上應(yīng)是由于一個(gè)
無(wú)論人們?cè)谀膫€(gè)行業(yè)都普遍存在的現(xiàn)象，不緊不慢的干活。“
Working on and off， however， has its limits. The rules are infinitely varied， subtle， and flexible， and， of course， they are always changing. Management， up to a certain level at least， is aware of the practice， and in some industries employs entire cadres of people to curtail or put an end to it. （3）Simultaneously， the workers are subtly doing their best to keep it going and to extend it wherever possible.
3.Management， up to a certain level at least， is aware of the practice， and in some industries
employs entire cadres of people to curtail or put an end to it （para.2）
up to a certain level at least 修飾 management ，意思是“至少到了一定層次的管理部門”
the practice 指的是前一段提到的“干干停停”（on and off ）
some industries “某些行業(yè)”
譯為：“管理部門，至少達(dá)到某種層次的管理部門，是知道這個(gè)干法，因此在某些行業(yè)他們雇用整套骨干班子，以減少和杜絕這種干干停停的可能性?！?BR> Every worker has a highly developed sense of how much work is expected of him. When he feels that the expectation is excessive， he tries to do something about it. This instinct has to do with the political nature of work itself， something every modern worker understands.（4）The bosses want more from the worker than they are willing to give in return. （5）The workers give work， and the bosses give money. The exchange is never quite equal， and the discrepancy is called profit. Since the bosses cannot do without profit， workers have an edge. A good worker in a key spot could， so long as he kept up production， take all the coffee breaks he wanted，（6）and the bosses would very likely look the other way. He could also choose to cut down on the coffee breaks， apply himself， and increase production， and then ask for and get more money. But that would be self-defeating， and he knows it. It would also place him in competition with other workers， which would be playing into the bosses' hands.（7）What he would rather do is create some slack for himself and enjoy his job more.（8）
4.This instinct has to do with the political nature of work itself， something every modern worker understands. （para.3）
something 是the political nature of work itself 的同位語(yǔ)
譯為：“這種本能與工作本身的政治性質(zhì)有關(guān)，這一點(diǎn)每個(gè)現(xiàn)代工人都明白。”
5.The bosses want more from the worker than they are willing to give in return. （para.3）
in return：回報(bào)
“老板想從工人身上榨取比他愿意回報(bào)給個(gè)人的酬金更多的東西?！?BR> 6.A good worker in a key spot could， so long as he kept up production， take all the coffee breaks
he wanted. （para.3）
so long as：只要…就
“關(guān)鍵崗位上的一個(gè)好工人，只要他保證產(chǎn)量不降低，就能盡情地利用工間休息?！?BR> 7.It would also place him in competition with other workers， which would be playing into the bosses' hands. （para.3）
which 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾前面整個(gè)句子。即“他和別的工人產(chǎn)生競(jìng)爭(zhēng)”這件事。
8.What he would rather do is create some slack for himself and enjoy his job more. （ para.3）
What he would rather do 主語(yǔ)從句中有 do ，因此兩個(gè)作表語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式create： 和 enjoy： 前面都省略了to .
At present on the West Coast， when a gang of longshoremen working on cargo start a shift， they often divide themselves into two equal groups and toss a coin. One group goes into the far reaches of the slip's hold and sits around. The other group starts loading cargo， usually working with a vengeance， since each one of them is doing the work of two men. An hour later， the groups change places. In other words ， although my fellow longshoremen and I are getting paid for eight hours， on occasion we work only four .If someone reading this feels a sense of moral outrage because we are sitting down on the job， I am sorry.（9）I have searched my mind in vain for a polite way to tell that reader to go to hell.（10）