高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法:分詞的句法

字號(hào):

1. 作表語(yǔ)
    The news is encouraging. 這消息令人鼓舞。
    The present situation is terrifying. 目前形勢(shì)令人驚恐。
    Please be seated. 請(qǐng)坐好。
    The window was broken. 窗戶(hù)破了。
    注:(1) 有的用作表語(yǔ)的分詞具有形容詞性質(zhì),有的甚至已轉(zhuǎn)化為形容詞。
    (2) 現(xiàn)在分詞和動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)的區(qū)別:現(xiàn)在分詞作表語(yǔ)主要表示主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)和特征,而動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)則主要是對(duì)主語(yǔ)內(nèi)容的進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明和解釋。另外,動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)它可與主語(yǔ)交換位置,而現(xiàn)在分詞作表語(yǔ)則不可與主語(yǔ)交換位置:
    誤:Very interesting is my job.
    正:Looking after the children is my job.
    還有,作表語(yǔ)的現(xiàn)在分詞不能帶賓語(yǔ),而作表語(yǔ)用的動(dòng)名詞可以帶賓語(yǔ)(如上例)。
    2. 作定語(yǔ)
    What disappointing news! 多么令人失望的消息!
    The story had a satisfying ending. 這故事有一個(gè)令人滿(mǎn)意的結(jié)局。
    She is a trained nurse. 她是一個(gè)受過(guò)訓(xùn)練的護(hù)士。
    All these are required subjects. 所有這些都是必修課。
    3. 作狀語(yǔ)
    分詞作狀語(yǔ)可以表示多種關(guān)系:
    (1) 表時(shí)間:
    Seeing the cat, the mouse ran off. 見(jiàn)到貓,老鼠就跑了。
    The work finished, he went home. 工作做完后,他就回家了。
    (2) 表原因:
    Being very weak, she couldn’t move. 她由于身體虛弱而不能行動(dòng)。
    His car broken down, he had to walk. 他的車(chē)壞了,所以只好走路。
    Much discouraged,she moved on to London. 她很沮喪,搬到了倫敦。
    (3) 表?xiàng)l件:
    United, we stand; divided, we fall. 團(tuán)結(jié)則存,分裂則亡。
    Given more time, we could have done it better. 如果多給點(diǎn)時(shí)間,我們可以做得更好。
    Working hard, you will succeed. 如果努力工作,你就可以成功。
    Adding them all up, we can find the answer. 如果把它們加起來(lái),我們就可以得到答案。
    (4) 表讓步:
    Although living miles away, he attended the course. 雖然住在幾英里以外,他仍去上課。
    Defeated, he remained a popular boxer. 雖然被擊敗了,他仍是一個(gè)受歡迎的拳擊手。
    (5) 表方式:
    He earns a living driving a truck. 他靠開(kāi)卡車(chē)謀取生。
    I’m returning you letter as requested. 我按要求給你退信。
    (6) 表伴隨:
    He sat in the chair reading newspapers. 他坐在椅子上看報(bào)。
    Don’t you sit there doing nothing. 別什么也不干坐在那里。
    He came in, followed by his wife. 他走了進(jìn)來(lái),后面跟著他的妻子。
    (7) 表結(jié)果:
    He fired, killing one of the passers-by. 他開(kāi)槍了,打死了一個(gè)過(guò)路人。
    He died, leaving his wife with five children. 他死了,留下他妻子和五個(gè)兒子。
    It rained and rained, vehicles bogged and bridges washed out. 雨不停地下,車(chē)輛陷入泥沼,橋梁被水沖去。
    4. 作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)
    He soon had them all laughing. 他很快逗得大家都笑了。
    I saw her being taken to the operating room. 我看見(jiàn)她被送到手術(shù)室。
    We found him greatly changed. 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他變化很大。
    I heard my name called. 我聽(tīng)到有人叫我的名字。
    All these are required subjects. 所有這些都是必修課。