職稱英語基礎:動詞不定式(2)

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動詞不定式的時態(tài)和語態(tài)
    一般式 to do to be done
    完成式 to have done to have been done
    進行式 to be doing
    完成進行式 to have been doing
    1.如果不定式所表示的動作與主要謂語動詞所表示的動作同時(或幾乎同時)發(fā)生或發(fā)生在主要謂語之后,通常用不定式的一般形式。如:
    I saw him go out.
    I‘m glad to see you.
    2.如果不定式所表示的動作發(fā)生在主要謂語動詞或特定的時間之前,不定式就要用完成式。如:
    I intended to have telephoned you, but I forgot to.
    I should like to have bought a dictionary.
    3.不定式進行式表示主要謂語動詞所表示的動作發(fā)生時,不定式所表示的動作正在發(fā)生。如:
    I am glad to be talking with you. She pretended to be listening attentively.
    4.不定式完成進行時表示的是一個開始于過去某一時刻但一直延續(xù)到謂語動詞發(fā)生的那一時刻的動作。如:
    He was thought to have been working on the project for two years.
    5.不定式的被動語態(tài)
    當不定式的邏輯主語是動作的承受者時,這個不定式要用被動式,包括它的各種時態(tài)在內。如:
    She doesn‘t like to be treated as a guest.
    她不喜歡被當作客人對待。
    They want their TV set to be fixed right now.
    他們想把電視機馬上修好。
    There are a lot of things to be done.
    有許多事要做。
    This is the text to be read next time.
    下次就讀這篇課文。
    注意:有些習慣用法中,只能用主動語態(tài)。如:
    The house is to let.
    這房子要出租。
    A lot of work still remains to do.
    許多工作有待去做。
    不帶to 的不定式
    1.表示感覺的動詞see, hear, feel, notice, watch, observe和have, let, make后的賓語可接不帶to的不定式。
    He noticed the man enter the room.
    他注意到有人進屋了。
    They observed her do the experiment.
    他們觀察她做實驗了。
    2.help后的不定式可以帶to也可以不帶to.
    Can you help me (to) clean up after the meal?
    飯后你能幫我洗碗嗎?
    3.有些類似于情態(tài)動詞的詞語(如rather than, had better, would rather, might as well等)之后,不定式不帶to.如:
    We might as well go without him.
    我們可以不讓他跟去。
    You‘d better go now.
    你好現(xiàn)在走。