2011考研英語:詞匯復(fù)習(xí)測試題及答案解析(1)

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考研英語詞匯復(fù)習(xí)測試題及答案解析(1)
    1. I was speaking to Ann on the phone when suddenly we were_______.
    (A) hung up (B) hung back (C) cut down (D) cut off
    2. She wondered if she could have the opportunity to spend _______here so that she could learn more about the city.
    (A) sometimes (B) some time (C) sometime (D) some times
    3. Ms. Breen has been living in town for only one year, yet she seems to be _______with everyone who comes to the store.
    (A) accepted (B) admitted (C) admired (D) acquainted
    4. He does not _______as a teacher of English as his pronunciation is terrible .
    (A) equal (B) match (C) qualify (D) fit
    5. Dozens of scientific groups all over the world have been _______the goal of a practical and economic way to use sunlight to split water molecules.
    (A) pursuing (B) chasing (C) reaching (D) winning
    6. The discussion was so prolonged and exhausting that _______the speakers stopped for refreshments .
    (A) at large (B) at intervals (C) at ease (D) at random
    7. When traveling, you are advised to take travellers' checks, which provide a secure _______to carrying your money in cash.
    (A) substitute (B) selection (C) preference (D) alternative
    8. I never trusted him because I always thought of him as such a ________character.
    ( A) gracious (B) suspicious (C) unique (D) particular
    9. Changing from solid to liquid, water takes in heat from all substances near it, and this ________ produces artificial cold surrounding it.
    (A) absorption (B) transition (C) consumption (D) interaction
    10. I didn't say anything like that at all. You are purposely my ideas to prove your point.
    (A) revising (B) contradicting (C) distorting (D) distracting
    11. Language, culture, and personality may be considered _______of each other in thought, but they are inseparable in fact.
    (A) indistinctly (B) separately (C) irrelevantly (D) independently
    12. Watching me pulling the calf awkwardly to the barn, the Irish milkmaid fought hard to _______her laughter.
    (A) hold back (B) hold on (C) hold out (D) hold up
    13 . The manger gave one of the salesgirls an accusing look for her ________attitude toward customers.
    (A) impartial (B) mild (C) hostile (D) opposing
    14. I________ with thanks the help of my colleagues in the preparation of this new column.
    (A) exress (B) confess (C) verify (D) acknowledge
    15. It is strictly _______that access to confidential documets is denied to all but a few.
    (A) secured (B) forbidden (C) regulated (D) determined
    16. The pollution question as well as several other issues is going to be discussed when the Congress is in _________again next spring.
    (A) assembly (B) session (C) conference (D) convention
    17. Christmas is a Christian holy day usually celebrated on December 25 th _______the birth of Jesus Christ .
    (A) in accordance with (B) in terms of (C) in favor of (D) in honor of
    18. Since it is late to change my mind now,I am _______to carrying out the plan.
    (A) obliged (B) committed (C) engaged (D) resolved
    19.It was a bold idea to build a power station in the deep valley, but it ________as well as we had hoped.
    (A) came off (B) went off (C) brought out (D) made out
    20. To survive in the intense trade competition between countries, we must ______the qualities and varieties of products we make to the worldmarket demand .
    (A) improve (B) enhance (C) guarantee (D) gear
    1.本題的答案是(D)
    (A) hung up:"把……掛起來,掛斷電話"。(B)hung back:"猶豫;躊躇不前"。(C)cut down:"砍倒"。(D)cut off:"突然中斷,切斷,打斷"。(B)、(C)與原句意思較遠(yuǎn),應(yīng)立即排除。(A)雖可作"掛斷電話"解,但是通常指雙方通話期間,其中一方把電話掛斷。本句的后半句是"we are---",顯然在雙方通話期間,沒有任何一方把電話掛斷,而是外來因素(如:接線員)把"我們的通話突然中斷了。"(D)符合句意,應(yīng)填(D)。
    2.本題的答案是(B)
    (A) sometimes:"有時(shí)"。(B)some time:"一些時(shí)間"。(C)sometime:"以前的,一度的,前任的"。(D)some times:"在某些場合,不時(shí)"。從句意上看,應(yīng)填(B)。全句的意思是:她不知道她是否有機(jī)會(huì)在此處花一些時(shí)間以便使她更多了解這個(gè)城市的情況。
    3.本題的答案是(D)
    四個(gè)備選答案中能和with相搭配的只有(D)acquainted,與with連在一起意為"熟悉"。故應(yīng)選(D)。(A)accepted:"接受",(B )admitted:"承認(rèn),接受"和(C)admired:"羨慕"均不能與with相搭配,故均應(yīng)排除。
    4.本題的答案是(C)
    (A) equal作動(dòng)詞用時(shí)意為"等于,比得上"。(B)match:"與……相匹敵,使較量"。(C)qualify:"有資格"。(D)fit:"使合適,使符合"。根據(jù)句意,應(yīng)選(C)qualify。全句的意思是:他當(dāng)英文教師不夠資格,因?yàn)樗陌l(fā)音糟透了。
    5.本題的答案是(A)
    goal只與四個(gè)備選答案中的(A)pursuing:"追求,尋求"和(C)reaching"達(dá)到"相搭配,故(B)chasing:"追逐"和(D)winning:"贏得"應(yīng)立即排除。由于(C)reaching (the goal)指已達(dá)到的目標(biāo),實(shí)際上句中所說的"利用太陽光分裂水分子"的方法仍在摸索中,尚未變成現(xiàn)實(shí),故(C)也應(yīng)排除。(A)pursuing指正在"尋求"達(dá)到上述目標(biāo)的方法,符合句意,故(A)為正確答案。
    6.本題的答案是(B)
    (A) at large:"自由行動(dòng),消遙自在地"。(B)at intervals:"不時(shí),時(shí)時(shí)"。(C)at ease:"不緊張,自由自在"。(D)at random:"隨便,隨機(jī)的,隨意的"。根據(jù)句意應(yīng)填(B)。全句的意思是:講座會(huì)開得那么冗長使人精疲力盡,致使發(fā)言的人不時(shí)停下來喝點(diǎn)飲料。refreshments也可作"點(diǎn)心"解。
    7.本題的答案是(D)
    (A) substitute:"代替,代替物"。(B)selection:"選擇",指從相當(dāng)數(shù)量中進(jìn)行選擇,強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)量多和慎重的判斷和鑒別。(C)preference:"喜歡,偏愛",強(qiáng)調(diào)選擇時(shí)個(gè)人的偏愛。
    (D)altermative:"兩者或兩者以上挑一;取舍,抉擇"。根據(jù)題意,外出旅行,帶錢時(shí)只有少數(shù)幾種選擇:現(xiàn)款;旅行支票或信用卡。四個(gè)備選答案中,最接近題意的是(D) alternative:"從兩個(gè)(或兩個(gè)以上)中挑其中一種選擇"。故(D)為正確答案。
    8.本題的答案是(B)
    (A) gracious:"有禮貌的,寬厚的,優(yōu)美的"。(B)suspicious:"多疑的,可疑的",常指所懷疑的對象或事情未必是真的,帶有"疑神疑鬼"、"神經(jīng)過敏"的含義。(C)unique:"獨(dú)一無二的,的"。(D)particular:"特別的",帶有引人注目的意思。根據(jù)句意,應(yīng)選(B)。全句的意思為:我從不相信他,因?yàn)槲铱傉J(rèn)為他是那種多疑的人。判斷時(shí)請注意,句子前半句是"我從不相信他",根據(jù)邏輯關(guān)系,故可以肯定后面描述他的字眼肯定不是什么好字眼,四個(gè)備選答案中,唯有(B)是帶貶義的詞,故可肯定(B)為正確答案。
    9.本題的答案是(A)
    (A) absorption:"吸收"。(B)transition:"傳送,過渡,傳遞"。(C)consumption:"消費(fèi),消耗"。(D)interaction:"相互作用"。根據(jù)句意,應(yīng)填(A)。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都是以-tion為結(jié)尾,但意思卻相差甚遠(yuǎn)。全句的意思是:水從固態(tài)變成液態(tài)時(shí),吸收它周圍所有物質(zhì)的熱量,而這種吸收便在它的周圍產(chǎn)生人為的低溫狀態(tài)。
    10.本題的答案是(C)
    (A) revising:"改編,修改"。(B)contradicting:"自相矛盾"。(C)distorting:"歪曲,曲解"。(D)distracting:"分神,打擾,迷惑"。很明顯,備選答案中只有(C)distorting符合句意,故(C)為正確答案。(A)、(B)和(D)填入句中均說不通,或很別扭,故均應(yīng)排除。
    11.本題的答案是(D)
    (A) indistinctly:"不清楚地,分不清地",強(qiáng)調(diào)"看不清、聽不清",以致無法弄清。
    (B)separately:"分離地",強(qiáng)調(diào)可以分開的。(C)irrelevantly:"無關(guān)地,不相干地",強(qiáng)調(diào)相互沒有關(guān)系。(D)independently:"獨(dú)立地,單獨(dú)地",強(qiáng)調(diào)獨(dú)立性,與別的人、事關(guān)系不大。根據(jù)題意,只有(D)比較接近原句子的意思,故應(yīng)選(D)。全句意為:語言、文化和個(gè)性可以認(rèn)為是在意識(shí)形態(tài)中相互獨(dú)立的,但事實(shí)上它們是無法分開的。
    12.本題的答案是(A)
    (A) hold back:"忍住,抑制,躊躇"。(B)hold on:"繼續(xù),堅(jiān)持"。(C)hold out:"伸出,堅(jiān)持"。(D)hold up:"阻擋,舉起,攔截"。四個(gè)備選答案中,(A)比較接近句意,故應(yīng)選(A)。全句意思為:看到我費(fèi)勁地把小牛拉回牲口棚,那愛爾蘭擠奶女工極力忍住沒笑出聲來。
    13.本題的答案是(C)
    (A) impartial:"公正的"。(B) mild:"溫和的"。(C) hostile:"敵對的"。(D) opposing:"面對的,相對的,相反的"。根據(jù)句意,(C)與句意最為接近,故應(yīng)選(C)。全句的意思是:經(jīng)理向其中一位女售貨員投以指責(zé)的目光,因?yàn)樗龑︻櫩统謹(jǐn)硨B(tài)度。
    14.本題的答案是(D)
    (A)express:"表示,表達(dá)",指表達(dá)思想或感情。(B)confess:"坦白",指犯了錯(cuò)誤或犯了罪之后坦白自己的錯(cuò)誤或罪行。(C)verify:"證實(shí),相證,核實(shí)",指核對某事是否屬實(shí)。
    (D)acknowledge:"承認(rèn)",主要指承認(rèn)事實(shí)。顯然,(D)最接近句子的意思,故應(yīng)選(D)。全句的意思是:我以感激的心情承認(rèn)在準(zhǔn)備這個(gè)新的專欄時(shí)我的同事給我的幫助。
    15.本題的答案是(C)
    (A) secured:"為……作保,使安全"。(B) forbidden:"禁止"。(C) regulated:"規(guī)定"。(D) determined:"決定"。四個(gè)備選答案中(C)最接近句意,故應(yīng)選(C)。全句意思為:嚴(yán)格規(guī)定:除極少數(shù)人外,所有其他人不得接觸機(jī)密文件。
    16.本題的答案是(B)
    (A) assembly:"大會(huì)",指有許多人參加的,計(jì)劃和安排周到的大會(huì)。如聯(lián)合國大會(huì)是"General Assembly "。(B) session通常置于in之后,表示"在開會(huì)",指一次會(huì)議、一屆會(huì)議或美國國會(huì)每次開會(huì)。(C) conference:"會(huì)議",指正式的,有許多人或有許多國家代表參加的討論或磋商某一嚴(yán)重問題的會(huì)議。(D) convention:"會(huì)議",常指政府或某政治團(tuán)體舉行的會(huì)議,也可以指州級(jí)或會(huì)議。(B)顯然最接近句意,故應(yīng)選(B)。全句的意思是:污染問題和若干其他問題將在明年春天舉行的國會(huì)會(huì)議上進(jìn)行討論。
    17.本題的答案是(D)
    (A)in accordance with:"根據(jù)",比較正規(guī)的字眼,通常指根據(jù)國家法律規(guī)定或某些重要條例的規(guī)定。(B)in terms of:"就……而言,以……措詞,關(guān)于"。(C)in favor of:"喜歡"。(D)in honor of:"紀(jì)念;招待"。很明顯(D)最接近句意。故應(yīng)選(D)。全句的意思是:圣誕節(jié)是基督教神圣的日子,通常在12月25日舉行慶祝,以紀(jì)念耶穌基督的誕辰。
    18.本題的答案是(B)
    (A)(be)obliged to:"對……很感激;不得不",后接名詞或后接不定式(作不得不解),不接動(dòng)名詞。例如:I am very much obliged to you for telling me.我非常感謝你告訴我。(后接代名詞you)。She was obliged to abandon the idea.她被迫放棄那種想法。(后接不定式)。本句to之后是動(dòng)名詞carrying,故(A)應(yīng)排除。(B)(be)committed(to):"同意承擔(dān);答應(yīng)干某事",后接動(dòng)名詞、不定式、名詞均可。例如:He was committed to fulfilling the task within two weeks.后接動(dòng)名詞fulfilling,符合題意,故(B)為正確答案。(C)engaged (in):"從事……",后接介詞in。而本題的空白處后為to+動(dòng)名詞。(C)明顯不符合題意,故(C)也應(yīng)立即排除。(D)resolved (to):"決心",后接不定式,不接動(dòng)名詞,故(D)也應(yīng)排除。
    19.本題的答案是(A)
    (A)came off:"結(jié)果;離開;舉行;實(shí)現(xiàn),成功",這個(gè)短語的意思很多,大家要注意區(qū)分。(B)went off:"離去;變壞,爆炸"。(C)brought out:"使出現(xiàn);出版,公布"。(D)made out:"書寫,拼湊,完成"。從題意上看,(A)最為合適,故應(yīng)選(A)。全句的意思是:在深山谷建造一座發(fā)電站是一個(gè)大膽的設(shè)想,但結(jié)果和我們原來希望的一樣。
    20.本題的答案是(D)
    (A) improve:"改善",是個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞,后面直接接名詞作賓語,但不再加"to+…n",本句后面有這種"to+n…"的結(jié)構(gòu),故(A)不符合題目的句型結(jié)構(gòu),應(yīng)排除。(B)enhance:"增加,提高",及物動(dòng)詞,后面也可接名詞作賓語,但不再接"to+n..."的結(jié)構(gòu),故也應(yīng)排除。(C)guarantee:"保證,擔(dān)保,保修",是及物動(dòng)詞,后不接"to+n..."的結(jié)構(gòu),故也應(yīng)排除。(D)gear(to):"使適應(yīng),使適合",(D)與本題結(jié)構(gòu)相吻合,故應(yīng)選(D)。(A)、(B)和(C)表面上意思與題意接近或吻合,但與本考題后半部分的"to+n"不吻合,故均應(yīng)排除。全句的意思是:為了在國與國之間的激烈競爭中能生存下去,我們必須使我們的產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量和品種適應(yīng)世界市場需求。