英語(yǔ)資源頻道為大家整理的雙語(yǔ)新聞閱讀：就業(yè)乃是攔路虎 北京如何治理空氣污染，供大家閱讀參考。
When people in Beijing put on their pollution masks, it makes international headlines. But the effort to clean up the air in northern China depends on steel-producing cities such as Chengde, whose 3m people are more worried about jobs than smog.
北京人戴上口罩抵御空氣污染成了國(guó)際頭條新聞。但治理中國(guó)北方空氣的努力，要依靠承德這樣的煉鋼城市。而承德300萬(wàn)市民對(duì)就業(yè)的擔(dān)心，超出他們對(duì)煙霧的擔(dān)心。 The authorities have become so concerned at the state of the air in the Chinese capital that they want the industrial cities of Hebei province that encircle Beijing to cut coal use and steel and cement capacity to ease the problem. 官方對(duì)中國(guó)首都空氣狀況如此擔(dān)憂(yōu)，以至于他們要求環(huán)繞北京的多個(gè)河北省工業(yè)城市減少使用煤炭，并削減鋼鐵和水泥產(chǎn)能，以求緩解空氣污染問(wèn)題。 But for Chengde and other cities, where incomes are lower and steel mills with their belching smokestacks are valued employers, that translates into fewer jobs. The issue of keeping jobs in cities without other industries makes the whole shift much more complicated and politically dangerous for Beijing. 但對(duì)承德這樣的城市來(lái)說(shuō)，這就意味著就業(yè)崗位將會(huì)減少。這些城市的收入水平較低，排出濃煙的煉鋼廠被視為可貴的雇主。在這些沒(méi)有其他產(chǎn)業(yè)的城市，保住就業(yè)的問(wèn)題使得整個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型課題對(duì)北京來(lái)說(shuō)要復(fù)雜得多，在政治上也相當(dāng)危險(xiǎn)。 “Hebei has legitimate concerns that they are less developed and they are heavily reliant on heavy industry,” says Li Yan, head of Greenpeace’s climate and energy campaign for China. “But the public outcry and attention, especially international attention, to China’s ‘a(chǎn)irpocalypse’ really triggered concerns at the top level and the centre decided it was time to make a move.” “河北有一些正當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)切，他們不那么發(fā)達(dá)，而且嚴(yán)重依賴(lài)重工業(yè)，”綠色和平(Greenpeace)在中國(guó)的氣候與能源項(xiàng)目經(jīng)理李雁表示，“但是公眾對(duì)‘末日空氣’的強(qiáng)烈不滿(mǎn)和關(guān)注，尤其是國(guó)際方面的關(guān)注，真的引發(fā)了高層的關(guān)切，于是中央決定采取行動(dòng)?！?Yesterday, the Beijing city government unveiled a new round of measures, from traffic restrictions to keeping children out of school, for use on heavily polluted days. But blue skies in the wealthy capital are dependent on co-operation from the industrial cities that surround it. 昨日北京市政府出臺(tái)新一輪措施，準(zhǔn)備在空氣污染嚴(yán)重的日子實(shí)行車(chē)輛限行和學(xué)校停課等對(duì)策。但是，如果富有的中國(guó)首都要看到藍(lán)天，還是要靠其周?chē)墓I(yè)城市配合。 Chengde is one such place. The steel mill makes up its own mini-city, complete with the Chengde Steel hospital, in a western suburb of a town better known for the summer palaces of the Manchu emperors. 承德就是這樣一個(gè)城市。這里的煉鋼廠構(gòu)成了一個(gè)自成一體的小城，還包括承德鋼鐵集團(tuán)有限公司總醫(yī)院。承德本身以滿(mǎn)清皇帝的避暑宮殿而聞名，鋼廠的小城位于該市西郊。 It is home to most of the unsightly industry and power plants that were banished from Beijing before the 2008 Olympic Games. The province’s pledge to cut coal usage and dismantle some polluting steel and cement plants comes at a cost: the central government will transfer Rmb2bn ($330m) to Hebei as part of the deal, Chinese media reported. But state-owned steel mills such as Chengde Steel are too important to Hebei’s cities to be simply shut down. 這里有一些不雅觀的工廠和發(fā)電廠，北京市在舉行2008年奧運(yùn)會(huì)之前關(guān)停了這些工業(yè)設(shè)施。河北省減少使用煤炭和關(guān)停一部分污染嚴(yán)重鋼廠及水泥廠的是有價(jià)碼的：據(jù)中國(guó)媒體報(bào)道，作為協(xié)議的一部分，中央政府將向河北省轉(zhuǎn)移支付20億元人民幣（合3.3億美元）。但對(duì)河北的城市來(lái)說(shuō)，承德鋼鐵集團(tuán)這樣的國(guó)有鋼廠實(shí)在太過(guò)重要，不可能對(duì)它們說(shuō)關(guān)就關(guān)。 The hinterland accounts for at least one-quarter of Beijing’s pollution, estimates Fang Li, vice-director of the municipal environmental bureau. 北京環(huán)境保護(hù)局副局長(zhǎng)方力估計(jì)，北京市至少四分之一的污染來(lái)自外地。 Even on a clear day, pollution from Chengde Steel is so thick it can be seen on satellite images of the city. Grey smog submerges the dusty villages on the main road to the mill. 即便是在晴朗的日子里，承德鋼鐵排放的污染也如此濃烈，以至于從該市的衛(wèi)星照片也可看到。灰蒙蒙的煙霧遮蓋了通往鋼廠的主要公路兩旁塵土飛揚(yáng)的村子。 Chengde Steel’s emissions are so bad that it was one of three polluting plants showcased on state television the day China announced its new plan for reducing air pollution in three big population centres. The company and the city government did not respond to requests for interviews. 承德鋼鐵的排放如此嚴(yán)重，以至于在中國(guó)公布新計(jì)劃治理三大人口中心空氣污染的當(dāng)天，官方電視臺(tái)將其列為三個(gè)工業(yè)污染源實(shí)例之一。該公司和承德市政府沒(méi)有回應(yīng)記者的采訪請(qǐng)求。 “We ordinary people, we watch the news. China Central TV discusses pollution endlessly. It’s serious but at the local level nobody does anything about it,” says Zhang, a villager whose tidy home is frequently covered with dust from Chengde Steel’s plants. Like most residents interviewed by Financial Times, he was reluctant to give his full name. “我們老百姓，我們看新聞。中央電視臺(tái)不停地談?wù)撐廴締?wèn)題。問(wèn)題很?chē)?yán)重，但在地方上，沒(méi)有人拿出任何行動(dòng)，”一名姓張的村民表示。他的家里很整潔，但經(jīng)常被承德鋼鐵的鋼廠飄來(lái)的灰塵覆蓋。與英國(guó)《金融時(shí)報(bào)》走訪的其他居民一樣，他不愿透露自己的全名。 Cleaning up pollution at state-owned Chengde Steel is unlikely to be much of a priority for anyone. The mill commands the only large vanadium mine in northern China and so has strategic value as a producer of the metal used to make hard, rust-resistant steel for tools and nuclear plants. It is also the biggest employer around, accounting for one in eight of all state employees in Chengde. It employs about 16,000 people and another 7,000 or so worked there until they retired. 治理國(guó)有的承德鋼鐵的污染，似乎不太可能受到任何人的太大重視。該廠擁有中國(guó)北方的大型釩礦，因而作為這種金屬的生產(chǎn)企業(yè)而具有戰(zhàn)略?xún)r(jià)值。釩用于生產(chǎn)硬度大、而且抗銹的鋼材，核電廠以及工具制造會(huì)用到這類(lèi)鋼材。承德鋼鐵還是當(dāng)?shù)卮蟮墓椭?，占承德市全部?guó)有單位雇員的八分之一。該集團(tuán)約有1.6萬(wàn)名員工，另外還有7000來(lái)名退休職工。 “If this steel mill didn’t exist we wouldn’t even have anywhere to go to eat. Everything revolves around this steel factory; our children work here,” said Mrs Li, who moved to Chengde 40 years ago to work at the plant. “如果這家鋼廠不存在，我們就找不到吃飯的地方。一切都圍繞著這家鋼廠；我們的孩子在那里工作，”40年前遷居承德、到該廠工作的李太太表示。 It remains to be seen whether Beijing’s new determination in the fight against pollution will succeed where previous campaigns against overcapacity in the steel sector have failed. Chengde Steel has already survived a campaign to shut hundreds of smaller and older mills and create a handful of national champions. 在以往解決鋼鐵行業(yè)產(chǎn)能過(guò)剩的努力不了了之的地方，中國(guó)中央政府治理污染的新決心能否取得成功？這一點(diǎn)還有待觀察。在此前一輪關(guān)閉數(shù)百家規(guī)模較小、設(shè)備較陳舊的鋼廠、同時(shí)創(chuàng)建少量冠軍企業(yè)的重組努力中，承德鋼鐵得以幸存。 Hebei province, which collects taxes from Chengde Steel, gathered its big state-owned mills into one conglomerate but made no move to shut any of them. 從承德鋼鐵獲得稅收收入的河北省，將該省大型國(guó)有鋼廠合并為一家企業(yè)集團(tuán)，但沒(méi)有采取任何行動(dòng)關(guān)閉其中任何一家鋼廠。 Average urban salaries in Chengde are only Rmb34,000 a year ($5,400), compared with Rmb56,000 a year in Beijing, so the province can ill-afford any move that threatens jobs. In Beijing, citizens check air pollution levels daily and wear masks on smoggy days. In Chengde, there was talk of moving the housing that stood nearest to the mill, but a compensation plan was never agreed and residents continue to live next to the plant. 承德市民的平均年薪只有3.4萬(wàn)元人民幣（合5400美元），遠(yuǎn)低于北京市的5.6萬(wàn)元人民幣，因此河北省無(wú)力承受任何危及就業(yè)的舉措。在北京，市民們天天檢查污染水平，并在有霧霾的日子戴上口罩。在承德，曾有過(guò)關(guān)于搬遷鋼廠附近居民的討論，但各方在補(bǔ)償方案上談不攏，因此仍有居民住在鋼廠旁邊。 In Gonghou village, about a mile from the mill’s main gate, the corn fields have gradually given way to divisions of Chengde Steel and an automotive plant. 在距鋼廠大門(mén)大約1英里的宮后村，玉米地逐漸被承德鋼鐵的部門(mén)和一家汽車(chē)廠占據(jù)。 Villagers whose families had farmed here since at least the Qing dynasty now work as dispatch labourers at the steel mill. “You have to take care of the basic needs before you can tackle things like pollution,” says one noodle shop owner, wiping a thin film of grime off his tables before the lunch crowd arrives. 這個(gè)村子的人至少自清朝以來(lái)就在這里務(wù)農(nóng)?，F(xiàn)在，村民們?cè)阡搹S里打工?！澳阒荒芟日疹櫤没拘枨?，然后才能對(duì)付污染之類(lèi)的事，”一名面條店老板表示。他正趕在吃午飯的人群出現(xiàn)之前把桌子上的一層薄薄塵垢擦掉。
北京人戴上口罩抵御空氣污染成了國(guó)際頭條新聞。但治理中國(guó)北方空氣的努力，要依靠承德這樣的煉鋼城市。而承德300萬(wàn)市民對(duì)就業(yè)的擔(dān)心，超出他們對(duì)煙霧的擔(dān)心。 The authorities have become so concerned at the state of the air in the Chinese capital that they want the industrial cities of Hebei province that encircle Beijing to cut coal use and steel and cement capacity to ease the problem. 官方對(duì)中國(guó)首都空氣狀況如此擔(dān)憂(yōu)，以至于他們要求環(huán)繞北京的多個(gè)河北省工業(yè)城市減少使用煤炭，并削減鋼鐵和水泥產(chǎn)能，以求緩解空氣污染問(wèn)題。 But for Chengde and other cities, where incomes are lower and steel mills with their belching smokestacks are valued employers, that translates into fewer jobs. The issue of keeping jobs in cities without other industries makes the whole shift much more complicated and politically dangerous for Beijing. 但對(duì)承德這樣的城市來(lái)說(shuō)，這就意味著就業(yè)崗位將會(huì)減少。這些城市的收入水平較低，排出濃煙的煉鋼廠被視為可貴的雇主。在這些沒(méi)有其他產(chǎn)業(yè)的城市，保住就業(yè)的問(wèn)題使得整個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型課題對(duì)北京來(lái)說(shuō)要復(fù)雜得多，在政治上也相當(dāng)危險(xiǎn)。 “Hebei has legitimate concerns that they are less developed and they are heavily reliant on heavy industry,” says Li Yan, head of Greenpeace’s climate and energy campaign for China. “But the public outcry and attention, especially international attention, to China’s ‘a(chǎn)irpocalypse’ really triggered concerns at the top level and the centre decided it was time to make a move.” “河北有一些正當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)切，他們不那么發(fā)達(dá)，而且嚴(yán)重依賴(lài)重工業(yè)，”綠色和平(Greenpeace)在中國(guó)的氣候與能源項(xiàng)目經(jīng)理李雁表示，“但是公眾對(duì)‘末日空氣’的強(qiáng)烈不滿(mǎn)和關(guān)注，尤其是國(guó)際方面的關(guān)注，真的引發(fā)了高層的關(guān)切，于是中央決定采取行動(dòng)?！?Yesterday, the Beijing city government unveiled a new round of measures, from traffic restrictions to keeping children out of school, for use on heavily polluted days. But blue skies in the wealthy capital are dependent on co-operation from the industrial cities that surround it. 昨日北京市政府出臺(tái)新一輪措施，準(zhǔn)備在空氣污染嚴(yán)重的日子實(shí)行車(chē)輛限行和學(xué)校停課等對(duì)策。但是，如果富有的中國(guó)首都要看到藍(lán)天，還是要靠其周?chē)墓I(yè)城市配合。 Chengde is one such place. The steel mill makes up its own mini-city, complete with the Chengde Steel hospital, in a western suburb of a town better known for the summer palaces of the Manchu emperors. 承德就是這樣一個(gè)城市。這里的煉鋼廠構(gòu)成了一個(gè)自成一體的小城，還包括承德鋼鐵集團(tuán)有限公司總醫(yī)院。承德本身以滿(mǎn)清皇帝的避暑宮殿而聞名，鋼廠的小城位于該市西郊。 It is home to most of the unsightly industry and power plants that were banished from Beijing before the 2008 Olympic Games. The province’s pledge to cut coal usage and dismantle some polluting steel and cement plants comes at a cost: the central government will transfer Rmb2bn ($330m) to Hebei as part of the deal, Chinese media reported. But state-owned steel mills such as Chengde Steel are too important to Hebei’s cities to be simply shut down. 這里有一些不雅觀的工廠和發(fā)電廠，北京市在舉行2008年奧運(yùn)會(huì)之前關(guān)停了這些工業(yè)設(shè)施。河北省減少使用煤炭和關(guān)停一部分污染嚴(yán)重鋼廠及水泥廠的是有價(jià)碼的：據(jù)中國(guó)媒體報(bào)道，作為協(xié)議的一部分，中央政府將向河北省轉(zhuǎn)移支付20億元人民幣（合3.3億美元）。但對(duì)河北的城市來(lái)說(shuō)，承德鋼鐵集團(tuán)這樣的國(guó)有鋼廠實(shí)在太過(guò)重要，不可能對(duì)它們說(shuō)關(guān)就關(guān)。 The hinterland accounts for at least one-quarter of Beijing’s pollution, estimates Fang Li, vice-director of the municipal environmental bureau. 北京環(huán)境保護(hù)局副局長(zhǎng)方力估計(jì)，北京市至少四分之一的污染來(lái)自外地。 Even on a clear day, pollution from Chengde Steel is so thick it can be seen on satellite images of the city. Grey smog submerges the dusty villages on the main road to the mill. 即便是在晴朗的日子里，承德鋼鐵排放的污染也如此濃烈，以至于從該市的衛(wèi)星照片也可看到。灰蒙蒙的煙霧遮蓋了通往鋼廠的主要公路兩旁塵土飛揚(yáng)的村子。 Chengde Steel’s emissions are so bad that it was one of three polluting plants showcased on state television the day China announced its new plan for reducing air pollution in three big population centres. The company and the city government did not respond to requests for interviews. 承德鋼鐵的排放如此嚴(yán)重，以至于在中國(guó)公布新計(jì)劃治理三大人口中心空氣污染的當(dāng)天，官方電視臺(tái)將其列為三個(gè)工業(yè)污染源實(shí)例之一。該公司和承德市政府沒(méi)有回應(yīng)記者的采訪請(qǐng)求。 “We ordinary people, we watch the news. China Central TV discusses pollution endlessly. It’s serious but at the local level nobody does anything about it,” says Zhang, a villager whose tidy home is frequently covered with dust from Chengde Steel’s plants. Like most residents interviewed by Financial Times, he was reluctant to give his full name. “我們老百姓，我們看新聞。中央電視臺(tái)不停地談?wù)撐廴締?wèn)題。問(wèn)題很?chē)?yán)重，但在地方上，沒(méi)有人拿出任何行動(dòng)，”一名姓張的村民表示。他的家里很整潔，但經(jīng)常被承德鋼鐵的鋼廠飄來(lái)的灰塵覆蓋。與英國(guó)《金融時(shí)報(bào)》走訪的其他居民一樣，他不愿透露自己的全名。 Cleaning up pollution at state-owned Chengde Steel is unlikely to be much of a priority for anyone. The mill commands the only large vanadium mine in northern China and so has strategic value as a producer of the metal used to make hard, rust-resistant steel for tools and nuclear plants. It is also the biggest employer around, accounting for one in eight of all state employees in Chengde. It employs about 16,000 people and another 7,000 or so worked there until they retired. 治理國(guó)有的承德鋼鐵的污染，似乎不太可能受到任何人的太大重視。該廠擁有中國(guó)北方的大型釩礦，因而作為這種金屬的生產(chǎn)企業(yè)而具有戰(zhàn)略?xún)r(jià)值。釩用于生產(chǎn)硬度大、而且抗銹的鋼材，核電廠以及工具制造會(huì)用到這類(lèi)鋼材。承德鋼鐵還是當(dāng)?shù)卮蟮墓椭?，占承德市全部?guó)有單位雇員的八分之一。該集團(tuán)約有1.6萬(wàn)名員工，另外還有7000來(lái)名退休職工。 “If this steel mill didn’t exist we wouldn’t even have anywhere to go to eat. Everything revolves around this steel factory; our children work here,” said Mrs Li, who moved to Chengde 40 years ago to work at the plant. “如果這家鋼廠不存在，我們就找不到吃飯的地方。一切都圍繞著這家鋼廠；我們的孩子在那里工作，”40年前遷居承德、到該廠工作的李太太表示。 It remains to be seen whether Beijing’s new determination in the fight against pollution will succeed where previous campaigns against overcapacity in the steel sector have failed. Chengde Steel has already survived a campaign to shut hundreds of smaller and older mills and create a handful of national champions. 在以往解決鋼鐵行業(yè)產(chǎn)能過(guò)剩的努力不了了之的地方，中國(guó)中央政府治理污染的新決心能否取得成功？這一點(diǎn)還有待觀察。在此前一輪關(guān)閉數(shù)百家規(guī)模較小、設(shè)備較陳舊的鋼廠、同時(shí)創(chuàng)建少量冠軍企業(yè)的重組努力中，承德鋼鐵得以幸存。 Hebei province, which collects taxes from Chengde Steel, gathered its big state-owned mills into one conglomerate but made no move to shut any of them. 從承德鋼鐵獲得稅收收入的河北省，將該省大型國(guó)有鋼廠合并為一家企業(yè)集團(tuán)，但沒(méi)有采取任何行動(dòng)關(guān)閉其中任何一家鋼廠。 Average urban salaries in Chengde are only Rmb34,000 a year ($5,400), compared with Rmb56,000 a year in Beijing, so the province can ill-afford any move that threatens jobs. In Beijing, citizens check air pollution levels daily and wear masks on smoggy days. In Chengde, there was talk of moving the housing that stood nearest to the mill, but a compensation plan was never agreed and residents continue to live next to the plant. 承德市民的平均年薪只有3.4萬(wàn)元人民幣（合5400美元），遠(yuǎn)低于北京市的5.6萬(wàn)元人民幣，因此河北省無(wú)力承受任何危及就業(yè)的舉措。在北京，市民們天天檢查污染水平，并在有霧霾的日子戴上口罩。在承德，曾有過(guò)關(guān)于搬遷鋼廠附近居民的討論，但各方在補(bǔ)償方案上談不攏，因此仍有居民住在鋼廠旁邊。 In Gonghou village, about a mile from the mill’s main gate, the corn fields have gradually given way to divisions of Chengde Steel and an automotive plant. 在距鋼廠大門(mén)大約1英里的宮后村，玉米地逐漸被承德鋼鐵的部門(mén)和一家汽車(chē)廠占據(jù)。 Villagers whose families had farmed here since at least the Qing dynasty now work as dispatch labourers at the steel mill. “You have to take care of the basic needs before you can tackle things like pollution,” says one noodle shop owner, wiping a thin film of grime off his tables before the lunch crowd arrives. 這個(gè)村子的人至少自清朝以來(lái)就在這里務(wù)農(nóng)?，F(xiàn)在，村民們?cè)阡搹S里打工?！澳阒荒芟日疹櫤没拘枨?，然后才能對(duì)付污染之類(lèi)的事，”一名面條店老板表示。他正趕在吃午飯的人群出現(xiàn)之前把桌子上的一層薄薄塵垢擦掉。