自考“高級英語”筆記(8)

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Lesson Nine:the trouble with TV
    1. A. prominent anchorman warns of TV''s adverse effect on America''s culture.
    a. prominent :outstanding ,easily seen,important,distinguished 突出的,顯著的,重要的,杰出的:a prominent position / writer顯赫的地位,作家。
    acquire / gain prominence 出人頭地。
    b. anchorman : (廣播,電視)(新聞,體育等節(jié)目的)主持人。
    c. adverse : unfavorable , contrary 不利的,負(fù)面的。
    如:adverse circumstances逆境; adverse effect負(fù)面影響; a theory adverse to the facts與事實(shí)相反的理論。
    developments adverse to our interests與我們的利益相反的發(fā)展。
    adversary :(競爭中的)對手。
    2. if you fit the statistical averages , ……假若你處于平均數(shù)……
    如;on an (the) average 平均起來,一般來說:
    On (an) the average , I finish reading a book three weeks .一般而言,我平均三星期讀完一本書。
    He smoked about ten cigarettes a day on an average. 他平均一天抽十根香煙。
    3. (be) exposed to : lay open to 使暴露于……
    如:Don''t expose children to ill effects of the Internet .不要讓孩子受因特網(wǎng)的負(fù)面影響。
    Her youth and beauty could expose her to danger .她的年輕美貌可能為她招致危險(xiǎn)。
    如;Exposure: n.
    He threatened me with public exposure .他威脅我要把我曝光。
    Much exposure to different cultures is part and parcel of education .大量接觸不同文化是教育的主要組成部分。
    4. …… it discourages concentration.
    Discourage (prevent) ******************. from ……使……放棄
    如;The bad weather discouraged them from going out for the picnic .惡劣的天氣使他們放棄外出野炊的計(jì)劃。
    It is discouraging that ……很掃興,……
    dis 加在名詞,形容詞,動(dòng)詞上,表示否定。
    如;able - disable使殘廢;disassociation分離;discharge放電;discontinue中斷;disease疾?。ㄓ伞安皇孢m”轉(zhuǎn)危而來)
    5. rewarding : affording satisfaction or valuable experience ; affording material gain有價(jià)值的,有益的。
    如:a rewarding experience (effort)有益的經(jīng)驗(yàn)(嘗試)。
    6. applied effort :拼命努力
    apply oneself to 努力進(jìn)行,致力于。
    如:It''s hard to apply yourself to some dull work .無聊的工作很難專心致志地干。
    He applied himself to serious studies .他專心致志進(jìn)行嚴(yán)肅的研究。
    7. The dullest , the least gifted of (最沒有天賦的)can achieve things that seem miraculous ……
    a. dull : slow - witted 愚鈍的
    b. miraculous 奇跡般地,不可思議的。另如:work ( accomplish ) a miracle創(chuàng)造一個(gè)奇跡。
    8. divert : turn in another direction使轉(zhuǎn)向; amuse , entertain娛樂,消遣。
    如:Nothing could divert his attention from his book .沒有什么能轉(zhuǎn)移他讀書的注意力。
    The traffic was diverted onto a side road. 交通被引導(dǎo)到旁邊的小路。
    9. lead : action of guiding or giving an example 領(lǐng)引,率先。
    如:take the lead; follow ******************''s lead效法某人; gain the lead占居首位。
    10. perpetual : never-ending永久的。如; perpetual chatter喋喋不休; perpetual motion 永恒運(yùn)動(dòng)。
    11. usurp : to seize and hold by force or without legal right 篡奪,霸占,強(qiáng)奪篡權(quán)。
    如:The assistant began to usurp his boss''s authority .助手開始篡奪老板的權(quán)力。
    The duke attempted to usurp the throne. 公爵試圖篡奪王位。
    12. surrender (oneself ) to : to give ( oneself ) up to some influence , course , etc.沉溺于;沉迷于。
    如:He surrendered to despair ( grief ) .他沉溺于絕望(悲傷)。
    He surrendered himself to a life of pleasure. 他沉迷于享樂。
    13. The surest way to do sth. is ……做某事的最可靠的方法是……
    如:The surest way to succeed is to work hard.取得成功最可靠的方法是努力工作。
    14. To strain the attention of
    strain : make excessive demands upon使勁用,因過度使用而傷害。
    如:strain oneself竭盡全力,勞累過度。
    He strained his voice to be heard above the noise周圍太吵,他強(qiáng)拉嗓子大喊,人們才聽得見他。
    He strained every muscle to life the box. 他用盡所有力氣舉起箱子。
    15. inherent in : existing as a permanent part or quality that cannot be taken out固有的,與生具有的。
    如:A love of peace is inherent in human nature .熱愛和平是人固有的本性。
    16. …… had bequeathed to us tables of stone commanding that……
    a. bequeath :hand down ,pass on傳給后代;to dispose of property or money by means of will立遺囑贈(zèng)與……
    如:I bequeath all my worldly goods to my wife .我將我所有的財(cái)產(chǎn)贈(zèng)與我的妻子。
    One age bequeaths its civilization to the next. 一個(gè)時(shí)代將其文明留給下一個(gè)時(shí)代。
    b. tablets of stone 石碑。
    17. Package: vt. to combine or offer as a single unit 把作為整體提出或推銷。Adj. 一攬子。
    如:a package tour由旅行社代辦一切的旅行;
    package deal 整批交易。
    18. pervade : become spread throughout all parts of彌漫
    如:The smell of coffee pervaded the air .咖啡的氣味彌漫在空中。
    Practical ideas pervaded the whole land. 整個(gè)國家彌漫著實(shí)際的思想。
    19. It tends to make things ultimately boring and dismissible……
    a. ultimate :furthest or farthest最遠(yuǎn)的。如:an ultimate destination最終目的地。decisive ,conclusive決定性的。如:the ultimate authority最終權(quán)威。final ,total總數(shù)。如:the ultimate cost 最終成本。
    b. dismiss : put aside from consideration 驅(qū)除。
    如:He dismissed the idea for it was just too impractical .他排除了這個(gè)觀點(diǎn),因?yàn)槟翘缓蠈?shí)際了。
    20. A substitute for ……: a person or thing serving in place of another 替代。
    如:Guess work is no substitute for investigation .猜測不能代替調(diào)查。
    A substitute was sent in when one of the star players was injured. 一位主角受傷了,就派來了一位替身。
    substitute for :代替。
    如:Who will substitute for you if you are ill 如果你病了,誰替你
    21. (Come) fall short of: to fail to reach a standard, level, etc. 沒達(dá)到, 趕不上。
    如:His income may fall short of his needs .他的收入達(dá)不到他的需求。
    The result fell short of our expectations. 結(jié)果大失我們所望。
    22. wholesale : in large amounts or on a large scale 大量地,不分青紅皂白地。
    如:The company fired people wholesale last year .公司去年大規(guī)模裁員。
    wholesale批發(fā) - retail零售。