又如：
I wonder if you realize just how many others share your problem. It is so common for people to distort the truth about themselves. Sometimes it‘s just an invented excuse when you‘ re late for something or a pretence that you like someone you don‘t. These white lies don‘ t usually harm anyone and indeed often help smooth over difficult social situations. They certainly are embarrassing if exposed but，on the whole，they‘ re easily forgiven.
What you describe is a habit of 1ying that is more serious than this. I suspect that the lies you tell are ways of defending an idea you have of your own worth. People who have doubts about their own self-esteem often worry that others wil1 judge them as harshly as they feel they deserve because of a secret idea that they are pretty worthless. In other words， they create a false picture of themselves， a picture of someone who meets all the expectations they think others have of them. And as you say， that causes problems —— since they have to keep living up to that image. At
the same time， they have to tell further life to cover the stories they have already to1d. According to some authorities， this is particular1y among women especially those who have few opportunities to develop an adequate sense of self-worth.
I suggest you give yourself one day during which you stick solid1y to the truth about yourse1f. Give yourself a sma1l treat at the end of the day if you have managed to keep it up. Wait a week and then try it 8gain. Once you have achieved three separate lie-free days， see if you can cope with three days running， then extend it to a whole week. Don‘ t make a promise to yourself that you will never lie again because almost certainly you will —— it‘s too much to take on at once. Try to change things little by little， by setting yourself manageable targets. Alter a while， you‘ll wonder why you ever had the problem at al1.
Question： The expression“ living up to” in the second paragraph can best be replaced by _________.
A. growing up with B. living with
C. seeking D. sticking to
解答：選D.
這是一道詞匯題。Living up to 的意事與A、B、C三個答案意義相距甚遠，故而D為本題答案。
注：解詞匯題時也可參看下面“英譯中”部分的猜詞手段。
三、英譯中：考核學生對難句的理解。
考核學生對難句的理解。
難句翻譯應遵循的主要步驟如下：
1. 先判斷句子結構，確定該句是簡單句、并列句還是復合句；
2. 如果是簡單句，找出關鍵詞：主謂賓或主系表；
3. 如果是并列句、復合句，找出各從句間的關系；
4. 分清從句層次，理清修飾成份之間的關系；
5. 區(qū)分各從句內的關鍵詞；
6. 根據(jù)漢語習慣，寫出譯文；
7. 略作潤色，使譯文通順；
8. 檢查校對，拾遺補漏。
如遇到生詞可采取下列辦法來力圖解決：
Guess Translation
1. 定義（ definition）
通過上下文給出的定義，考生可以將某些生詞的意思猜測出來。使定義與被定義的內
容之間建立起關系的詞有： put it in another way，mean，in other words，that is，or，namely等等。
2. 重述（restatement）
所謂重述是指作者用另外的詞，短語或句子將前面已述及的內容再重述一下。據(jù)重述
內容，考生可將前面內容中的生詞的意思猜測出來。
3. 舉例（examples）
從such as，like，for example，for instance，等詞后所列舉的例子以及所表示的前后同
位關系可以猜測出一些單詞的詞意。
4. 對比（contrast）
從表示對立或相反的信號詞可以判斷某些詞語內容前后意思對立或相反。根據(jù)這一點，
考生可以從其中一個詞猜測出另外一個詞的意思。
Word-formation
1. Depression can be treated by medication and psychotherapy. Ironically， antidepressants can have drowsiness as a side effect. （Reader‘s Digest Jan. 1996）
Psychotherapy（psycho + therapy）： 心理療法；精神療法； antidepressants （anti + depress + ant）： n.[醫(yī)]抗抑郁劑， 抗抑郁病藥
2. More recently he introduced himself into the debate on welfare reform by insisting that unwed motherhood， not joblessness， was the key problem.
Unwed （un + wed ）： 沒有結婚的，未婚的
Definition
1. As truck drivers have found， that can be dangerous， leading to microsleeps——brief periods， lasting one to ten seconds， when you‘re snoozing even though your eyes are open. （Reader‘s Digest Jan. 1996）
microsleep： 短暫的昏睡（尤指失去正常睡眠者的陣發(fā)性昏睡， 通常僅持續(xù)1至10秒鐘）
2. A dune is a hill of loose sand heaped by the sand； a glacier is a field of ice formed from compacted snow.
Dune ： 沙丘； glacier冰河；冰川
Synonyms
1. Our uncle was roamer， an incurable wanderer who never could stay in one place.
Roamer = wanderer ： 流浪者， 漂泊者
2. Only last week the bank had discovered nearly a thousand dollars in counterfeit bills， source unknown. Their estimate was that thirty million dollars of bogus money had been produced the previous year. England and Canada were major supply sources of spurious US currency.
Counterfeit bills = bogus money = spurious US currency： 偽鈔
Antonym
1. Her moods seem to go from one extreme to the other—— from deepest apathy to unlimited enthusiasm.
Apathy：冷淡；漠不關心——enthusiasm：熱心；熱情
2. He may be dexterous at football， but he is very clumsy on the dance floor.
Dexterous：靈巧的（手）；敏捷的 ——clumsy：行動笨拙的；手腳不靈活的
3. Unlike her gregarious sister， Jane is a shy， unsociable person who does not like to go to parties or to make friends.
Gregarious：愛群居的；愛社交的——unsociable：不善交際的； 孤僻的
Contrast
1. His son fell into ignominy because of his betrayal， whereas his daughter gained fame because of her heroism in defying the enemy.
Ignominy：無恥行為， 墮落行為，——fame：名聲， 聲望， 名氣
2. Most dentists‘ offices are drab places， but Emilio‘s new office is a bright cheerful place.
Drab：單調， 乏味， 無生氣——bright：明亮的， 輝煌的， 歡快的
Explanation
1. It‘s just one more incredible result of the development of micro-processors——those tiny parts of a computer commonly known as silicon chip.
Micro-processors = tiny parts of a computer = silicon chip： 硅片
2. Mary felt perturbed； that is， she was greatly disturbed by her sister‘s actions.
Perturbed = disturbed：使心煩意亂；擾亂；使混亂
3. The floors were washed， the furniture oiled and polished， and the curtains freshly laundered； the whole house was in immaculate condition for the holidays.
Immaculate（。完美的） condition——the summary of the above
4. Henry field displayed his versatility in many ways： he was not only a novelist， he was also a dramatist， an essayist， and a political pamphleteer； he managed a theater and edited four newspapers； he was a learned authority on the law， an exceptionally able and efficient magistrate.
Versatility：多功能性——many different skills
Context and situation
1. In spite of the fact the fishermen were wearing sou‘westers， the storm was so heavy that they were wet through.
Sou‘wester ：一種后沿較寬可護頸之防水帽= southwester = long raincoat
2. Mozart gave his first public recital at the age of six. By the age of thirteen he had written symphonies and an operetta. He is justly called a child prodigy.
Prodigy：天才（特指神童） = gifted child
3. We‘ve discovered that there are two main types of human beings： “racehorses”， who thrive on stress and are happy only with a vigorous， fast-paced life-style， and “turtles”， who require peace， quiet and a generally tranquil environment.
Racehorse： 賽馬型的人
Turtles： 海龜型的人
I wonder if you realize just how many others share your problem. It is so common for people to distort the truth about themselves. Sometimes it‘s just an invented excuse when you‘ re late for something or a pretence that you like someone you don‘t. These white lies don‘ t usually harm anyone and indeed often help smooth over difficult social situations. They certainly are embarrassing if exposed but，on the whole，they‘ re easily forgiven.
What you describe is a habit of 1ying that is more serious than this. I suspect that the lies you tell are ways of defending an idea you have of your own worth. People who have doubts about their own self-esteem often worry that others wil1 judge them as harshly as they feel they deserve because of a secret idea that they are pretty worthless. In other words， they create a false picture of themselves， a picture of someone who meets all the expectations they think others have of them. And as you say， that causes problems —— since they have to keep living up to that image. At
the same time， they have to tell further life to cover the stories they have already to1d. According to some authorities， this is particular1y among women especially those who have few opportunities to develop an adequate sense of self-worth.
I suggest you give yourself one day during which you stick solid1y to the truth about yourse1f. Give yourself a sma1l treat at the end of the day if you have managed to keep it up. Wait a week and then try it 8gain. Once you have achieved three separate lie-free days， see if you can cope with three days running， then extend it to a whole week. Don‘ t make a promise to yourself that you will never lie again because almost certainly you will —— it‘s too much to take on at once. Try to change things little by little， by setting yourself manageable targets. Alter a while， you‘ll wonder why you ever had the problem at al1.
Question： The expression“ living up to” in the second paragraph can best be replaced by _________.
A. growing up with B. living with
C. seeking D. sticking to
解答：選D.
這是一道詞匯題。Living up to 的意事與A、B、C三個答案意義相距甚遠，故而D為本題答案。
注：解詞匯題時也可參看下面“英譯中”部分的猜詞手段。
三、英譯中：考核學生對難句的理解。
考核學生對難句的理解。
難句翻譯應遵循的主要步驟如下：
1. 先判斷句子結構，確定該句是簡單句、并列句還是復合句；
2. 如果是簡單句，找出關鍵詞：主謂賓或主系表；
3. 如果是并列句、復合句，找出各從句間的關系；
4. 分清從句層次，理清修飾成份之間的關系；
5. 區(qū)分各從句內的關鍵詞；
6. 根據(jù)漢語習慣，寫出譯文；
7. 略作潤色，使譯文通順；
8. 檢查校對，拾遺補漏。
如遇到生詞可采取下列辦法來力圖解決：
Guess Translation
1. 定義（ definition）
通過上下文給出的定義，考生可以將某些生詞的意思猜測出來。使定義與被定義的內
容之間建立起關系的詞有： put it in another way，mean，in other words，that is，or，namely等等。
2. 重述（restatement）
所謂重述是指作者用另外的詞，短語或句子將前面已述及的內容再重述一下。據(jù)重述
內容，考生可將前面內容中的生詞的意思猜測出來。
3. 舉例（examples）
從such as，like，for example，for instance，等詞后所列舉的例子以及所表示的前后同
位關系可以猜測出一些單詞的詞意。
4. 對比（contrast）
從表示對立或相反的信號詞可以判斷某些詞語內容前后意思對立或相反。根據(jù)這一點，
考生可以從其中一個詞猜測出另外一個詞的意思。
Word-formation
1. Depression can be treated by medication and psychotherapy. Ironically， antidepressants can have drowsiness as a side effect. （Reader‘s Digest Jan. 1996）
Psychotherapy（psycho + therapy）： 心理療法；精神療法； antidepressants （anti + depress + ant）： n.[醫(yī)]抗抑郁劑， 抗抑郁病藥
2. More recently he introduced himself into the debate on welfare reform by insisting that unwed motherhood， not joblessness， was the key problem.
Unwed （un + wed ）： 沒有結婚的，未婚的
Definition
1. As truck drivers have found， that can be dangerous， leading to microsleeps——brief periods， lasting one to ten seconds， when you‘re snoozing even though your eyes are open. （Reader‘s Digest Jan. 1996）
microsleep： 短暫的昏睡（尤指失去正常睡眠者的陣發(fā)性昏睡， 通常僅持續(xù)1至10秒鐘）
2. A dune is a hill of loose sand heaped by the sand； a glacier is a field of ice formed from compacted snow.
Dune ： 沙丘； glacier冰河；冰川
Synonyms
1. Our uncle was roamer， an incurable wanderer who never could stay in one place.
Roamer = wanderer ： 流浪者， 漂泊者
2. Only last week the bank had discovered nearly a thousand dollars in counterfeit bills， source unknown. Their estimate was that thirty million dollars of bogus money had been produced the previous year. England and Canada were major supply sources of spurious US currency.
Counterfeit bills = bogus money = spurious US currency： 偽鈔
Antonym
1. Her moods seem to go from one extreme to the other—— from deepest apathy to unlimited enthusiasm.
Apathy：冷淡；漠不關心——enthusiasm：熱心；熱情
2. He may be dexterous at football， but he is very clumsy on the dance floor.
Dexterous：靈巧的（手）；敏捷的 ——clumsy：行動笨拙的；手腳不靈活的
3. Unlike her gregarious sister， Jane is a shy， unsociable person who does not like to go to parties or to make friends.
Gregarious：愛群居的；愛社交的——unsociable：不善交際的； 孤僻的
Contrast
1. His son fell into ignominy because of his betrayal， whereas his daughter gained fame because of her heroism in defying the enemy.
Ignominy：無恥行為， 墮落行為，——fame：名聲， 聲望， 名氣
2. Most dentists‘ offices are drab places， but Emilio‘s new office is a bright cheerful place.
Drab：單調， 乏味， 無生氣——bright：明亮的， 輝煌的， 歡快的
Explanation
1. It‘s just one more incredible result of the development of micro-processors——those tiny parts of a computer commonly known as silicon chip.
Micro-processors = tiny parts of a computer = silicon chip： 硅片
2. Mary felt perturbed； that is， she was greatly disturbed by her sister‘s actions.
Perturbed = disturbed：使心煩意亂；擾亂；使混亂
3. The floors were washed， the furniture oiled and polished， and the curtains freshly laundered； the whole house was in immaculate condition for the holidays.
Immaculate（。完美的） condition——the summary of the above
4. Henry field displayed his versatility in many ways： he was not only a novelist， he was also a dramatist， an essayist， and a political pamphleteer； he managed a theater and edited four newspapers； he was a learned authority on the law， an exceptionally able and efficient magistrate.
Versatility：多功能性——many different skills
Context and situation
1. In spite of the fact the fishermen were wearing sou‘westers， the storm was so heavy that they were wet through.
Sou‘wester ：一種后沿較寬可護頸之防水帽= southwester = long raincoat
2. Mozart gave his first public recital at the age of six. By the age of thirteen he had written symphonies and an operetta. He is justly called a child prodigy.
Prodigy：天才（特指神童） = gifted child
3. We‘ve discovered that there are two main types of human beings： “racehorses”， who thrive on stress and are happy only with a vigorous， fast-paced life-style， and “turtles”， who require peace， quiet and a generally tranquil environment.
Racehorse： 賽馬型的人
Turtles： 海龜型的人