根據(jù)選項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容,四級(jí)聽力短對(duì)話可分為事實(shí)狀況題、行為活動(dòng)題、觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題、地點(diǎn)場(chǎng)景題、談?wù)撛掝}型、身份關(guān)系題和數(shù)字信息題七大類。對(duì)話內(nèi)容不同,提問的角度和方式也不同。
一、事實(shí)狀況題 問題是關(guān)于談話的一方或雙方說了什么、所處狀態(tài)、做某事的原因何在、結(jié)果如何等。提問方式通常為: What do we learn from this conversation? What does the man mean? What can be inferred from the conversation? 此類題型解題技巧如下: 1.根據(jù)選項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)判斷問題類型。 這類題目的選項(xiàng)一般都是某種事實(shí)情況的陳述,選項(xiàng)中句子的時(shí)態(tài)以一般過去時(shí)或一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)居多。 2.正確選項(xiàng)一般不會(huì)是原文的細(xì)節(jié)再現(xiàn)。 這類題目往往需要考生根據(jù)對(duì)話內(nèi)容推測(cè)出說話人話語中隱含的事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié),因此正確選項(xiàng)往往不是對(duì)話中的原文照搬,而是對(duì)話內(nèi)容的同義轉(zhuǎn)述,或是根據(jù)對(duì)話內(nèi)容推斷出的事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)。 3.注意捕捉選項(xiàng)中的關(guān)鍵詞。 聽音前應(yīng)提取選項(xiàng)要點(diǎn),確定聽音時(shí)應(yīng)該捕捉的重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容。一般某事的原因或結(jié)果常為考查重點(diǎn)。 4.對(duì)選項(xiàng)中及錄音中涉及的關(guān)鍵信息進(jìn)行標(biāo)記,根據(jù)問題對(duì)號(hào)入座。 這類題目涉及的是原文中的細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容,因而有必要將關(guān)鍵信息點(diǎn)加以記錄,然后根據(jù)問題確定答案。
【真題示例1】(07-6-13) [A] The man regrets being absent-minded. [B] The woman saved the man some trouble. [C] The man placed the reading list on a desk. [D] The woman emptied the waste paper basket. M: I wish I hadn’t thrown away that reading list! W: I thought you might regret it. That’s why I picked it up from the waste paper basket and left it on the desk. Q: What do we learn from the conversation?
【解析】事實(shí)狀況題。選項(xiàng)中的the man,regret,trouble等詞表明,對(duì)話內(nèi)容與男士做錯(cuò)某件事有關(guān)。根據(jù)女士的話可知,她從垃圾筐里把男士丟掉的閱讀目錄撿起來了,因此避免了男士的麻煩,由此可知答案為[B]。
二、行為活動(dòng)題問題是關(guān)于談話的一方或雙方做過、正在做、準(zhǔn)備去做什么,或一方建議另一方去做什么。 提問方式通常為: What will the man/woman most probably do? What are the speakers probably going/trying to do? What does the woman suggest doing? 此類題型解題技巧如下: 1.根據(jù)選項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)判斷題型。 一般來說,這類題目的選項(xiàng)都是動(dòng)詞短語形式,且動(dòng)詞一般為原形或動(dòng)名詞形式。 2.聽音時(shí)留意對(duì)話中的動(dòng)詞,尤其注意與選項(xiàng)中動(dòng)詞相關(guān)的信息。 在留意動(dòng)詞的同時(shí),要記錄一些與該動(dòng)詞相關(guān)的重要信息,尤其是不止一個(gè)選項(xiàng)中的動(dòng)詞在對(duì)話中出現(xiàn)的時(shí)候,只有留意與其相關(guān)的信息,才能根據(jù)問題對(duì)號(hào)入座。 3.注意表示請(qǐng)求或建議的句式或短語。 行為活動(dòng)類試題的對(duì)話中經(jīng)常會(huì)包含提出請(qǐng)求或建議的句式或短語,如: Why don’t you…? What about…? Let’s…; You’d better…; If I were you, I would…; I’d like to…; You might as well…等,這此句式后面的內(nèi)容有可能就是建議去做或準(zhǔn)備去做的行為活動(dòng),很可能與答案直接相關(guān),因此聽音時(shí)需重點(diǎn)留意。
【真題示例2】(06-6-5) [A] To find out more about the topic for the seminar.. [B] To make a copy of the schedule for his friend. [C] To get the seminar schedule for the woman. [D] To pick up the woman from the library. W: Do you have the seminar schedule with you? I’d like to find out the topic for Friday. M: I gave it to my friend, bur there should be copies available in the library. I can pick one up for you. Q: What does the man promise to do?
【解析】行為活動(dòng)題。本題是問男士答應(yīng)做什么事。選項(xiàng)均以不定式形式開頭,表明本題與目的行為有關(guān)。注意對(duì)話中的pick…up不是表示“接(某人)”,而是表示“取(東西)”。
三、觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題問題是關(guān)于談話一方對(duì)另一方或第三方的行為、品德、觀點(diǎn)等的態(tài)度或評(píng)價(jià)。提問方式通常為: What does the woman/ man mean /imply? How does the woman /man feel about...? What does the woman/man think of…? 此類題型解題技巧如下: 1.根據(jù)選項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)判斷問題類型。 觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度類試題的選項(xiàng)中一般都含有一些引出觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度的動(dòng)詞或短語,常見的有:think, believe, find, guess, imagine, consider, as far as I know等。根據(jù)這類線索詞判斷出試題類型以后,可以更有針對(duì)地留意說話人對(duì)自己觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度的陳述。 2.熟悉表示觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度的常見詞語。 表示贊成:approve, agree, share, prefer, wise, reasonable, favorable 表示反對(duì):disapprove, disagree, unwise, ridiculous, foolish, childish 表示贊賞:admire,appreciate,think much of, think highly of 表示喜歡:love, enjoy, wonderful,fascinating, funny, be fond of, be keen on 表示厭煩:dislike, bored/ boring, be tired of 表示關(guān)心:concerned, careful, care about 表示怨恨或生氣:hate, hatred, angry, anger, initiated 表示害怕或擔(dān)心:fearful, frightened, worried, nervous 表示批評(píng)或諷刺:critical, criticize, ironic,find fault with 表示失望或灰心:disappointed, discouraged 表示后悔或遺憾:regret, regretful, pity, shame 表示漠然或熱情:indifferent, detached, careless, enthusiastic 表示積極或消極:active, positive, negative 表示自信或自負(fù):confident, arrogant, proud 表示樂觀或悲觀:optimistic, pessimistic 3.抓住對(duì)話中的一些標(biāo)識(shí)性的詞語。 聽音時(shí)應(yīng)注意抓住一些表示因果、轉(zhuǎn)折、比較或舉例等邏輯關(guān)系的標(biāo)識(shí)性的詞語,如:but, instead, if, when, since, before, after, so 等,尤其是轉(zhuǎn)折后的內(nèi)容,往往表達(dá)作者的真實(shí)觀點(diǎn)或態(tài)度,常為考查重點(diǎn)。 4.把握說話人的語氣。 聽音時(shí)應(yīng)注意通過說話人的語氣來判斷說話人的態(tài)度,尤其是反問、疑問、感嘆等語氣,往往會(huì)明顯地體現(xiàn)出說話人的態(tài)度或觀點(diǎn)。
【真題示例3】(06-6-3) [A] The Edwards are quite well-off. [B] The Edwards should cut down on their living expenses. [C] It'll be unwise for the Edwards to buy another house. [D] It's too expensive for the Edwards to live in their present house. M: How do you like the new physician who replaced Dr. Andrew? W: I hear that the Edwards are thinking of buying another house. M: Should they be doing that with all the other expenses they have to pay? Anyhow, they are over 70 now, their present house is not too bad. Q: What does the man imply?
【解析】觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。本題是問男士暗示什么。選項(xiàng)中l(wèi)iving expenses(生活開支)和buy another house表明對(duì)話應(yīng)與the Edwards的生活開支和購(gòu)房計(jì)劃有關(guān)。對(duì)話中男士用反問語氣(should they be doing…?)表示反對(duì)意見They shouldn't be doing…(≈It'll be unwise…to do…)。
一、事實(shí)狀況題 問題是關(guān)于談話的一方或雙方說了什么、所處狀態(tài)、做某事的原因何在、結(jié)果如何等。提問方式通常為: What do we learn from this conversation? What does the man mean? What can be inferred from the conversation? 此類題型解題技巧如下: 1.根據(jù)選項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)判斷問題類型。 這類題目的選項(xiàng)一般都是某種事實(shí)情況的陳述,選項(xiàng)中句子的時(shí)態(tài)以一般過去時(shí)或一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)居多。 2.正確選項(xiàng)一般不會(huì)是原文的細(xì)節(jié)再現(xiàn)。 這類題目往往需要考生根據(jù)對(duì)話內(nèi)容推測(cè)出說話人話語中隱含的事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié),因此正確選項(xiàng)往往不是對(duì)話中的原文照搬,而是對(duì)話內(nèi)容的同義轉(zhuǎn)述,或是根據(jù)對(duì)話內(nèi)容推斷出的事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)。 3.注意捕捉選項(xiàng)中的關(guān)鍵詞。 聽音前應(yīng)提取選項(xiàng)要點(diǎn),確定聽音時(shí)應(yīng)該捕捉的重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容。一般某事的原因或結(jié)果常為考查重點(diǎn)。 4.對(duì)選項(xiàng)中及錄音中涉及的關(guān)鍵信息進(jìn)行標(biāo)記,根據(jù)問題對(duì)號(hào)入座。 這類題目涉及的是原文中的細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容,因而有必要將關(guān)鍵信息點(diǎn)加以記錄,然后根據(jù)問題確定答案。
【真題示例1】(07-6-13) [A] The man regrets being absent-minded. [B] The woman saved the man some trouble. [C] The man placed the reading list on a desk. [D] The woman emptied the waste paper basket. M: I wish I hadn’t thrown away that reading list! W: I thought you might regret it. That’s why I picked it up from the waste paper basket and left it on the desk. Q: What do we learn from the conversation?
【解析】事實(shí)狀況題。選項(xiàng)中的the man,regret,trouble等詞表明,對(duì)話內(nèi)容與男士做錯(cuò)某件事有關(guān)。根據(jù)女士的話可知,她從垃圾筐里把男士丟掉的閱讀目錄撿起來了,因此避免了男士的麻煩,由此可知答案為[B]。
二、行為活動(dòng)題問題是關(guān)于談話的一方或雙方做過、正在做、準(zhǔn)備去做什么,或一方建議另一方去做什么。 提問方式通常為: What will the man/woman most probably do? What are the speakers probably going/trying to do? What does the woman suggest doing? 此類題型解題技巧如下: 1.根據(jù)選項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)判斷題型。 一般來說,這類題目的選項(xiàng)都是動(dòng)詞短語形式,且動(dòng)詞一般為原形或動(dòng)名詞形式。 2.聽音時(shí)留意對(duì)話中的動(dòng)詞,尤其注意與選項(xiàng)中動(dòng)詞相關(guān)的信息。 在留意動(dòng)詞的同時(shí),要記錄一些與該動(dòng)詞相關(guān)的重要信息,尤其是不止一個(gè)選項(xiàng)中的動(dòng)詞在對(duì)話中出現(xiàn)的時(shí)候,只有留意與其相關(guān)的信息,才能根據(jù)問題對(duì)號(hào)入座。 3.注意表示請(qǐng)求或建議的句式或短語。 行為活動(dòng)類試題的對(duì)話中經(jīng)常會(huì)包含提出請(qǐng)求或建議的句式或短語,如: Why don’t you…? What about…? Let’s…; You’d better…; If I were you, I would…; I’d like to…; You might as well…等,這此句式后面的內(nèi)容有可能就是建議去做或準(zhǔn)備去做的行為活動(dòng),很可能與答案直接相關(guān),因此聽音時(shí)需重點(diǎn)留意。
【真題示例2】(06-6-5) [A] To find out more about the topic for the seminar.. [B] To make a copy of the schedule for his friend. [C] To get the seminar schedule for the woman. [D] To pick up the woman from the library. W: Do you have the seminar schedule with you? I’d like to find out the topic for Friday. M: I gave it to my friend, bur there should be copies available in the library. I can pick one up for you. Q: What does the man promise to do?
【解析】行為活動(dòng)題。本題是問男士答應(yīng)做什么事。選項(xiàng)均以不定式形式開頭,表明本題與目的行為有關(guān)。注意對(duì)話中的pick…up不是表示“接(某人)”,而是表示“取(東西)”。
三、觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題問題是關(guān)于談話一方對(duì)另一方或第三方的行為、品德、觀點(diǎn)等的態(tài)度或評(píng)價(jià)。提問方式通常為: What does the woman/ man mean /imply? How does the woman /man feel about...? What does the woman/man think of…? 此類題型解題技巧如下: 1.根據(jù)選項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)判斷問題類型。 觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度類試題的選項(xiàng)中一般都含有一些引出觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度的動(dòng)詞或短語,常見的有:think, believe, find, guess, imagine, consider, as far as I know等。根據(jù)這類線索詞判斷出試題類型以后,可以更有針對(duì)地留意說話人對(duì)自己觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度的陳述。 2.熟悉表示觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度的常見詞語。 表示贊成:approve, agree, share, prefer, wise, reasonable, favorable 表示反對(duì):disapprove, disagree, unwise, ridiculous, foolish, childish 表示贊賞:admire,appreciate,think much of, think highly of 表示喜歡:love, enjoy, wonderful,fascinating, funny, be fond of, be keen on 表示厭煩:dislike, bored/ boring, be tired of 表示關(guān)心:concerned, careful, care about 表示怨恨或生氣:hate, hatred, angry, anger, initiated 表示害怕或擔(dān)心:fearful, frightened, worried, nervous 表示批評(píng)或諷刺:critical, criticize, ironic,find fault with 表示失望或灰心:disappointed, discouraged 表示后悔或遺憾:regret, regretful, pity, shame 表示漠然或熱情:indifferent, detached, careless, enthusiastic 表示積極或消極:active, positive, negative 表示自信或自負(fù):confident, arrogant, proud 表示樂觀或悲觀:optimistic, pessimistic 3.抓住對(duì)話中的一些標(biāo)識(shí)性的詞語。 聽音時(shí)應(yīng)注意抓住一些表示因果、轉(zhuǎn)折、比較或舉例等邏輯關(guān)系的標(biāo)識(shí)性的詞語,如:but, instead, if, when, since, before, after, so 等,尤其是轉(zhuǎn)折后的內(nèi)容,往往表達(dá)作者的真實(shí)觀點(diǎn)或態(tài)度,常為考查重點(diǎn)。 4.把握說話人的語氣。 聽音時(shí)應(yīng)注意通過說話人的語氣來判斷說話人的態(tài)度,尤其是反問、疑問、感嘆等語氣,往往會(huì)明顯地體現(xiàn)出說話人的態(tài)度或觀點(diǎn)。
【真題示例3】(06-6-3) [A] The Edwards are quite well-off. [B] The Edwards should cut down on their living expenses. [C] It'll be unwise for the Edwards to buy another house. [D] It's too expensive for the Edwards to live in their present house. M: How do you like the new physician who replaced Dr. Andrew? W: I hear that the Edwards are thinking of buying another house. M: Should they be doing that with all the other expenses they have to pay? Anyhow, they are over 70 now, their present house is not too bad. Q: What does the man imply?
【解析】觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。本題是問男士暗示什么。選項(xiàng)中l(wèi)iving expenses(生活開支)和buy another house表明對(duì)話應(yīng)與the Edwards的生活開支和購(gòu)房計(jì)劃有關(guān)。對(duì)話中男士用反問語氣(should they be doing…?)表示反對(duì)意見They shouldn't be doing…(≈It'll be unwise…to do…)。