2010年中考英語語法總復(fù)習(xí)之常見習(xí)慣用語(1)

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(一) 知識概要 
    由于英語國家的語言習(xí)慣與中國的語言習(xí)慣有許多不同之處,所以造成了許多同學(xué)在做選擇或書寫,或與人交談中造成誤用中國方式來對英語的問句作解答。例如一個小女孩十分好看,可愛,外國人見到時會講: You are so beautiful 這時的答語應(yīng)該是 Thank you 如果外國人發(fā)現(xiàn)你的英語不錯,他們會講: Your English is very good 這時中國人常常會說:不,我說的不好。這純是一種禮貌的答語,但是不符合英語習(xí)慣。它正確的答語應(yīng)是 Thank you 雖然交際英語有一些規(guī)律可講,但更重要的是學(xué)習(xí)外國的生活習(xí)慣,了解他們的文化背景,歷史淵源,這樣才能真正的學(xué)好一門外語。
    (二) 正誤辨析 
    [誤] - What can I do for you?
    - Yes, please help me 
    [正] - What can I do for you?
    - I'd like to buy a sweater 
    [析] What can I do for you? 這一問語實(shí)際上用于的情景很多,要根據(jù)具體情況而定。如在商店中售貨員講這句話應(yīng)譯為:您想要點(diǎn)什么?在其他場合也可以被譯為:我能為您做些什么?它的答語應(yīng)是直接講出想讓對方提供的幫助。
    [誤] - Which colour do you like?
    - Sorry, I don't like 
    [正] - Which colour do you like?
    - I prefer blue 
    [析] 由 which 來提問的問句是要回答具體的選擇,而不能泛指,泛泛的回答。如 Yes, I like it
    [誤] Do you like to come with us tonight? 
    [正] Would you like to come with us tonight? 
    [析] Do you like … 問的是對方的習(xí)慣,如: Do you like swimming? Do you like collecting stamps? 而 would you like … 則是一次性的邀請、提議。邀請的英語表達(dá)法還有如下幾種:
    Shall we go? 我們走吧!
    Let's go? 讓我們走吧!
    How about having a cup of tea? 喝杯茶如何?
    What about a cup of coffee 喝杯咖啡如何?
    Why not buy it? 為什么不買呢?
    其肯定答語一般為Certainly, Yes, O.K. All right, With pleasure
    [誤] Sorry, I've kept you waiting
    Not at all 
    [正] Sorry, I've kept you waiting
    Never mind 
    [析] "介意不介意"這一問法與答語在中英文中有所不同。如:
    - Do you mind my smoking here?- _________ 
    A. Yes, do it please
    B. No, of course not
    C. Yes, take it please
    D. No, you can't take it
    這時正確的選擇應(yīng)是B。 其意為:不介意,當(dāng)然不。而A選項(xiàng)則自相矛盾了,它應(yīng)譯為:是的我介意,請抽吧。而D選項(xiàng)是:不介意,你不能抽。當(dāng)向?qū)Ψ綘幥笠庖姇r,可以有以下問法:
    Do you mind if I open the door?
    Would you mind mailing the letter for me
    其答語如果是同意應(yīng)為: Certainly not, not at all
    而不同意時應(yīng)為 Yes, 或 I'm sorry