第二章 冠 詞
一、冠詞的種類(lèi)
1. 不定冠詞 a／an的用法
a用于輔音音標(biāo)開(kāi)頭的單詞前（不一定是輔音字母）：an用于元音音標(biāo)開(kāi)頭的單詞前（不一定是元音字母） ：an old man
a friend
an American writer
a Chinese book——an English book
注意 以字母h，u，e，y開(kāi)頭的單詞：an hour/honor/honest
a university——an umbrella-a usual/useful book
a European
a young man——a youth
泛指人、事、物的類(lèi)別 A.English is a useful language.
B.A horse is a useful animal.
C.His telehpone number begins with a " 3".
泛指某人某物
There's a man waiting for you at the gate of our school.
There's a book lying on the floor.
表示every／per的含義
This kind of Santana car can run 150 kilometers an hour.
Some students of Senior Three study 12 hours a day.
用于某些固定詞組中
a few； a little； a lot of；
a bit of； a couple of； a great deal of；
many a； all of a sudden； as a matter of fact；
in a word； have a word with sb. have a good time；
do sb. a favor pay a visit to； as a rule
in a day or two； in a way； make a living；
two pills at a time； take a walk/break/bath/seat；
have a cold/fever/headache/stomachache
2.定冠詞the的用法
the 在輔音前發(fā)/ / 在元音前發(fā)/ /
（1）表示特指和第二次提到的人或物：
Here the books you want.
I saw a film last night. The film was wonderful.
（2）表示世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的東西：the sun；the earth；the moon
（3）用在序數(shù)詞、形容詞級(jí)前面：the first-class； the third floor； the longest river
（4）用在江、河、湖、海、山 脈、群 島、海 峽、海 灣、沙 漠、方 位 前 面：
the Changjiang river； the West Lake ； the Great Canal（大運(yùn)河）；
the Taiwan Strait； on the right／left； in the north／south
（4）與某些形 容 詞 連 用表 示 一 類(lèi) 人，動(dòng) 詞 用 復(fù) 數(shù) 形 式：
the poor／rich／old/young/sick/old/new/wounded
The young have to learn from the old.（年輕人要向老年人學(xué)習(xí)。）
The right and the wrong are the opposites.
（6）在樂(lè)器的名詞前面：She likes to play the piano／violin／guitar.
（7）在某 些 表 示 時(shí) 間 的 詞 組 中：
in the morning／afternoon／evening／night（but at noon／night）；
in the daytime；in the 1870's／1870s
（8）用在姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)前面：The Smiths are sitting at the breakfast table.
（9）在表示發(fā)明物的名詞前面：
The gunpowder was invented in China 400 year age.
Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876.
The teacher showed us a telescope and said it was Galileo who invented the telescope.
（10）用在表示國(guó)家和民族的形容詞前面表示該國(guó)的人民：
the English／Chinese／Japanese／French
（11）用在由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專(zhuān)用名詞前面：
the United States（聯(lián)合國(guó)）； the New York Times（紐約時(shí)報(bào)）；
the People's Liberation Army（中國(guó)人民解放軍）
（12）用在表示計(jì)算單位的名詞前面，常含"每"，"每一"的意義，或相當(dāng)于"按……計(jì)算"：
A.These workers are paid by the hour／piece.（計(jì)時(shí)／件取酬）
B.These eggs are sold by the dozen.（這些雞蛋是論打賣(mài)的。）
但"按重量"應(yīng)說(shuō)by weight
C.Meat is sold by the kilo（by weight）。
（13）方位名詞前必須加the
in the east of
on the east of
to the east of/east of
在山頂 at the top of hill=on top of hill
Last year he spent hisw holiday on a farm in the country south of Boston.
二、零冠詞 即不用冠詞，用于不可數(shù)名詞，復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞和某些單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前
（1）專(zhuān)用名詞、物質(zhì)名詞、抽象名詞、人名、地名等名詞前面一般不加冠詞
Knowledge is power.
We can't live without air.
China has a large population.
（2）表示頭銜、職務(wù)的名詞作表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)、主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)時(shí)不加冠詞
Abraham Lincoln was elected president of the United States in 1860.
Wang Ping， monitor of Class Three， won the first prize.
但是，當(dāng)這些名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，要加定冠詞：
The president of USA will visit America in the near future.
He was elected__/__President for the third time. That was a great victory of his party.
Elizabeth II，__/_Queen of England， declared the conference open.
（3）稱(chēng)呼語(yǔ)前面不加冠詞
Where are you going， mum？
Jimmy said that / Uncle hadn't come back and _/__Auntie was out.
The general ordered his men，"Use your knife， young man！"
（4）泛指復(fù)數(shù)名詞前面不加冠詞
We're Senior Three students.
——What are they？——They're workers.
（5）by+交通工具／通訊工具
A.——Do you know how he will come here？
——I think he'll come here by bus/train/taxi/ship/plane/bike.
B.I'll tell you by telephone/email.
但是使用其他介詞時(shí)要注意：
He'll come in her taxi/on her bike/on a bus.
You're wanted on the telephone.（你有電話。）
（6）用在介詞at／by后面，表示時(shí)間，不加冠詞
at daybreak/dawn/dusk/noon/sunrise/sunset/night
B.Most people work by day and rest by night.（大多數(shù)人白天工作晚上休息。）
（7）在turn（變成，成為）后面的名詞前面不加冠詞
His son turned writer at last.=His son became a writer at last.
（8）幾個(gè)詞組
in space/in distance /peace/public by chance/accident/surprise
on foot/duty/earth out of breath/ reach/sight/control
三、冠詞的主要考點(diǎn)
考點(diǎn)（1）一日三餐，一年四季，月份、星期、節(jié)日名詞前面一般不加冠詞
If winter comes， can spring be far behind？
What do you often have for breakfast？
Our school library is open every day except Sunday.
Daddy，dinner is ready！
Do you know when Teachers' Day is？
但是特指時(shí)用the；有修飾形容詞時(shí)用a
In____spring， trees turn green.
In____spring of 1987，the old scientist returned to his motherland. Answer： /； the
The story took place in the winter of 1918. It was a very cold winter.
但是：我們中國(guó)的有些節(jié)日前要加定冠詞：the Spring Festival；the Mid-Autumn Day /Festival
考點(diǎn)2）球類(lèi)、棋類(lèi)、游戲、學(xué)科名稱(chēng)前面一般不加冠詞；而樂(lè)器名稱(chēng)前要加the
Does your brother like to play football/basketball/chess？
He likes to study mathematics/ physics/chemistry/English/Chinese/biology/politics.
I like playing football while my sister is interested in playing the piano.
考點(diǎn)（3） 職務(wù)的名詞 和 稱(chēng)呼語(yǔ)前面不加冠詞
Abraham Lincoln was elected president of the United States in 1860.
Wang Ping， monitor of Class Three， won the first prize.
Jimmy said that / Uncle hadn't come back and _/__Auntie was out.
The general ordered his men，"Use your knife， young man！"
考點(diǎn)（4） 在表示發(fā)明物，計(jì)算單位的名詞前面，要加定冠詞：
A.These workers are paid by the hour／piece.（計(jì)時(shí)／件取酬）
B.These eggs are sold by the dozen.（這些雞蛋是論打賣(mài)的。）
C.The gunpowder was invented in China 400 year age.
D.Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876.
E.The teacher showed us a telescope and said it was Galileo who invented the telescope.
一、冠詞的種類(lèi)
1. 不定冠詞 a／an的用法
a用于輔音音標(biāo)開(kāi)頭的單詞前（不一定是輔音字母）：an用于元音音標(biāo)開(kāi)頭的單詞前（不一定是元音字母） ：an old man
a friend
an American writer
a Chinese book——an English book
注意 以字母h，u，e，y開(kāi)頭的單詞：an hour/honor/honest
a university——an umbrella-a usual/useful book
a European
a young man——a youth
泛指人、事、物的類(lèi)別 A.English is a useful language.
B.A horse is a useful animal.
C.His telehpone number begins with a " 3".
泛指某人某物
There's a man waiting for you at the gate of our school.
There's a book lying on the floor.
表示every／per的含義
This kind of Santana car can run 150 kilometers an hour.
Some students of Senior Three study 12 hours a day.
用于某些固定詞組中
a few； a little； a lot of；
a bit of； a couple of； a great deal of；
many a； all of a sudden； as a matter of fact；
in a word； have a word with sb. have a good time；
do sb. a favor pay a visit to； as a rule
in a day or two； in a way； make a living；
two pills at a time； take a walk/break/bath/seat；
have a cold/fever/headache/stomachache
2.定冠詞the的用法
the 在輔音前發(fā)/ / 在元音前發(fā)/ /
（1）表示特指和第二次提到的人或物：
Here the books you want.
I saw a film last night. The film was wonderful.
（2）表示世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的東西：the sun；the earth；the moon
（3）用在序數(shù)詞、形容詞級(jí)前面：the first-class； the third floor； the longest river
（4）用在江、河、湖、海、山 脈、群 島、海 峽、海 灣、沙 漠、方 位 前 面：
the Changjiang river； the West Lake ； the Great Canal（大運(yùn)河）；
the Taiwan Strait； on the right／left； in the north／south
（4）與某些形 容 詞 連 用表 示 一 類(lèi) 人，動(dòng) 詞 用 復(fù) 數(shù) 形 式：
the poor／rich／old/young/sick/old/new/wounded
The young have to learn from the old.（年輕人要向老年人學(xué)習(xí)。）
The right and the wrong are the opposites.
（6）在樂(lè)器的名詞前面：She likes to play the piano／violin／guitar.
（7）在某 些 表 示 時(shí) 間 的 詞 組 中：
in the morning／afternoon／evening／night（but at noon／night）；
in the daytime；in the 1870's／1870s
（8）用在姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)前面：The Smiths are sitting at the breakfast table.
（9）在表示發(fā)明物的名詞前面：
The gunpowder was invented in China 400 year age.
Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876.
The teacher showed us a telescope and said it was Galileo who invented the telescope.
（10）用在表示國(guó)家和民族的形容詞前面表示該國(guó)的人民：
the English／Chinese／Japanese／French
（11）用在由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專(zhuān)用名詞前面：
the United States（聯(lián)合國(guó)）； the New York Times（紐約時(shí)報(bào)）；
the People's Liberation Army（中國(guó)人民解放軍）
（12）用在表示計(jì)算單位的名詞前面，常含"每"，"每一"的意義，或相當(dāng)于"按……計(jì)算"：
A.These workers are paid by the hour／piece.（計(jì)時(shí)／件取酬）
B.These eggs are sold by the dozen.（這些雞蛋是論打賣(mài)的。）
但"按重量"應(yīng)說(shuō)by weight
C.Meat is sold by the kilo（by weight）。
（13）方位名詞前必須加the
in the east of
on the east of
to the east of/east of
在山頂 at the top of hill=on top of hill
Last year he spent hisw holiday on a farm in the country south of Boston.
二、零冠詞 即不用冠詞，用于不可數(shù)名詞，復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞和某些單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前
（1）專(zhuān)用名詞、物質(zhì)名詞、抽象名詞、人名、地名等名詞前面一般不加冠詞
Knowledge is power.
We can't live without air.
China has a large population.
（2）表示頭銜、職務(wù)的名詞作表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)、主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)時(shí)不加冠詞
Abraham Lincoln was elected president of the United States in 1860.
Wang Ping， monitor of Class Three， won the first prize.
但是，當(dāng)這些名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，要加定冠詞：
The president of USA will visit America in the near future.
He was elected__/__President for the third time. That was a great victory of his party.
Elizabeth II，__/_Queen of England， declared the conference open.
（3）稱(chēng)呼語(yǔ)前面不加冠詞
Where are you going， mum？
Jimmy said that / Uncle hadn't come back and _/__Auntie was out.
The general ordered his men，"Use your knife， young man！"
（4）泛指復(fù)數(shù)名詞前面不加冠詞
We're Senior Three students.
——What are they？——They're workers.
（5）by+交通工具／通訊工具
A.——Do you know how he will come here？
——I think he'll come here by bus/train/taxi/ship/plane/bike.
B.I'll tell you by telephone/email.
但是使用其他介詞時(shí)要注意：
He'll come in her taxi/on her bike/on a bus.
You're wanted on the telephone.（你有電話。）
（6）用在介詞at／by后面，表示時(shí)間，不加冠詞
at daybreak/dawn/dusk/noon/sunrise/sunset/night
B.Most people work by day and rest by night.（大多數(shù)人白天工作晚上休息。）
（7）在turn（變成，成為）后面的名詞前面不加冠詞
His son turned writer at last.=His son became a writer at last.
（8）幾個(gè)詞組
in space/in distance /peace/public by chance/accident/surprise
on foot/duty/earth out of breath/ reach/sight/control
三、冠詞的主要考點(diǎn)
考點(diǎn)（1）一日三餐，一年四季，月份、星期、節(jié)日名詞前面一般不加冠詞
If winter comes， can spring be far behind？
What do you often have for breakfast？
Our school library is open every day except Sunday.
Daddy，dinner is ready！
Do you know when Teachers' Day is？
但是特指時(shí)用the；有修飾形容詞時(shí)用a
In____spring， trees turn green.
In____spring of 1987，the old scientist returned to his motherland. Answer： /； the
The story took place in the winter of 1918. It was a very cold winter.
但是：我們中國(guó)的有些節(jié)日前要加定冠詞：the Spring Festival；the Mid-Autumn Day /Festival
考點(diǎn)2）球類(lèi)、棋類(lèi)、游戲、學(xué)科名稱(chēng)前面一般不加冠詞；而樂(lè)器名稱(chēng)前要加the
Does your brother like to play football/basketball/chess？
He likes to study mathematics/ physics/chemistry/English/Chinese/biology/politics.
I like playing football while my sister is interested in playing the piano.
考點(diǎn)（3） 職務(wù)的名詞 和 稱(chēng)呼語(yǔ)前面不加冠詞
Abraham Lincoln was elected president of the United States in 1860.
Wang Ping， monitor of Class Three， won the first prize.
Jimmy said that / Uncle hadn't come back and _/__Auntie was out.
The general ordered his men，"Use your knife， young man！"
考點(diǎn)（4） 在表示發(fā)明物，計(jì)算單位的名詞前面，要加定冠詞：
A.These workers are paid by the hour／piece.（計(jì)時(shí)／件取酬）
B.These eggs are sold by the dozen.（這些雞蛋是論打賣(mài)的。）
C.The gunpowder was invented in China 400 year age.
D.Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876.
E.The teacher showed us a telescope and said it was Galileo who invented the telescope.