下面的作文思路是我多年研究所總結(jié)出的，同學(xué)們務(wù)必記住每一段所要包括的內(nèi)容，每寫出來的句子不可以少于7個(gè)單詞（一但你寫出來的句子少于7個(gè)單詞，作文是不可能取得高分，這也是上海外國語大學(xué)改卷老師所要求的），每天堅(jiān)持寫作文，題目可以看下往年真題，我推薦一個(gè)方法就是背，然后用自己的話寫出來?？荚嚽拔視?huì)給大家考前作文題目，上一年我壓的作文題是（人生目標(biāo)的重要性），最后考了下面的作文（抱負(fù)的重要性），只要我們的思路有了，什么樣的作文都難不到我們。希望同學(xué)們加油。
（必要作文思路）
第1段：
Ambition is the decision one who makes resolution and carries out into action. It is a burning desire to achieve any tasks and mission in our life. Shakespeare put it, “one who has no ambition that means one who has no soul.” Indeed, once we make up our minds to accomplish our goals, then our life becomes meaningful, which almost have a bearing on all aspects of life.
1，主題定義。2，延伸主題（解釋）3，引用名人名言（自編）4，對名人名言的態(tài)度（贊成還是反對）5，主題的影響（國家，社會(huì)，個(gè)人等方面）
第2段：
First aspect, ambition offers us a sense of mission （觀點(diǎn)一和例證一）
In the second place, ambition can bring one's potentials to the full play.（觀點(diǎn)二和例證二 ）
Last but not the least,（觀點(diǎn)三和例證三）
對比觀點(diǎn)（好與壞）
第3段：
To sum up 1）自己的獨(dú)特看法
2）主題的意義
3）問題的存在和解決方法
閱讀技巧：
同學(xué)們認(rèn)為閱讀都是非常難的有，及格的也很少，全國平均在60%左右，師范和語言院?？赡軙?huì)高點(diǎn)。
閱讀方法
1） 首句尾句法（經(jīng)我多年研究，閱讀中的每一段的第一句和最后一句加起來就是后面5個(gè)問題的60%的答案所在地，把每一個(gè)名詞和動(dòng)詞用鉛筆劃出來）
2） 作者態(tài)度題和單詞互換題。（作者態(tài)度一般都是中立和積極向上的，單詞互換一定要選擇最簡單的，因?yàn)榻o出的單詞就是文中很難的詞）
3） 階梯和長短選題法（這個(gè)要面授才可以懂得如何運(yùn)用）這個(gè)概率是50%以上，07年的閱讀20題里中了11道.不用看題也可以知道答案從哪出,但同學(xué)們的專四成績一定要在65分以上,因?yàn)閷Ｋ脑?0到65分之間的一般都是不及格的分,如果要通過專八,要很努力.這些同學(xué)一定要把5年的閱讀全部用自己的話背下來的同時(shí),寫下來,邊聽邊寫.
4） 關(guān)鍵題回歸法，每個(gè)問題都會(huì)有一個(gè)名詞，把這個(gè)名回到回文中找（注意，找的時(shí)候一定要找它的同義詞和相近詞），它所在的句子一般就是答案。
5） 有時(shí)間的話通讀全文，檢查答案。
必考人文知識：
1. A Tale of Two Cities was written by Charles Dickens.
2. Phonology: The study of speech sounds in language or a language with reference to their distribution and patterning and to tacit rules governing pronunciation. 音位學(xué); 在語言或一門語言中，對有關(guān)其分類和模式以及為大家所默認(rèn)的發(fā)音規(guī)則的研究音韻學(xué), 音系學(xué)
3. Syntax: The study of the rules whereby words or other elements of sentence structure are combined to form grammatical sentences. 句法，研究詞或其它句子成分如何聯(lián)合起來形成合乎語法的句子規(guī)則的學(xué)科
4. Semantics: The study or science of meaning in language forms.語義學(xué)，以語言形式表示意思的研究或科學(xué)
5. acronym : 首字母組合詞，首字母縮略詞，比如，NATO, UNESCO, BASIC,它們可以連拼，但VOA是 Initialism.
6. Metonymy: A figure of speech in which one word or phrase is substituted for another with which it is closely associated, as in the use of Washington for the United States government or of the sword for military power. 換喻或轉(zhuǎn)喻，一種,一個(gè)詞或詞組被另一個(gè)與之有緊密聯(lián)系的詞或詞組替換的修辭方法，如用華盛頓代替美==或用劍代替軍事力量，對面來了三個(gè)“紅領(lǐng)巾”也是，以紅領(lǐng)巾指代少先隊(duì)員。
7. Simile: A figure of speech in which two essentially unlike things are compared, often in a phrase introduced by like or as, as in How like the winter hath my absence been or So are you to my thoughts as food to life （Shakespeare）.明喻, 一種修辭手法，把兩種基本不相像的東西進(jìn)行比較，通常在由 like或 as引導(dǎo)的短語中，如 “我的離開好象是冬天來臨”或“你對我的思想就象食物對于生命一樣重要”（莎士比亞）
8. Metaphor: A figure of speech in which a word or phrase that ordinarily designates one thing is used to designate another, thus making an implicit comparison, as in a sea of troubles or All the world's a stage（Shakespeare） 隱喻一種語言表達(dá)手法，通常用指某物的詞或詞組來指代他物，從而暗示它們之間的相似之處，如 “憂愁之海”或“整個(gè)世界一臺戲”（莎士比亞） the ship of desert 沙漠之舟
9. Oxymoron: A rhetorical figure in which incongruous or contradictory terms are combined, as in a deafening silence and a mournful optimist. 矛盾修飾法, 一種把互相矛盾或不調(diào)和的詞合在一起的修辭手法，如在 震耳欲聾的沉默和悲傷的樂觀 cruel kindness
10. The affection name given to the clock tower of the Houses of Parliament, Westminster is Big Ben.
11. John Milton the poet wrote of Adam and Eve's expulsion from the Garden of Eden in Paradise Lost. Paradise Regained was also written by him.
12. Sonnet: A 14-line verse form usually having one of several conventional rhyme schemes. 十四行詩體, 一種由十四行組成的詩歌形式，通常有一種傳統(tǒng)的押韻形式, 莎士比亞用過此詩體。
13. Slang: A kind of language occurring chiefly in casual and playful speech, made up typically of short-lived coinages and figures of speech that are deliberately used in place of standard terms for added raciness, humor, irreverence, or other effect. 俚語主要出現(xiàn)在非正式的、游戲性的話語中的一種語言，基本由存在時(shí)間很短的派生詞和修辭構(gòu)成，它們被故意地用來取代標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的詞語以達(dá)到生動(dòng)、幽默、無禮或其它效果
14. Catch Phrase: A phrase in wide or popular use, especially one serving as a slogan for a group or movement. 警句，妙句，吸引人的詞句廣泛使用的或流行的用語，尤指用作集團(tuán)或運(yùn)動(dòng)的口號的用語。
15. Jargon: The specialized or technical language of a trade, profession, or similar group. 行話, 一個(gè)行業(yè)、職業(yè)或類似的團(tuán)體中使用的專業(yè)的或技術(shù)的語言. terminology
16. Platitude: A trite or banal remark or statement, especially one expressed as if it were original or significant. 陳腔濫調(diào), 陳腐的或平庸的評論或陳述，尤指某人表述它時(shí)好象它是新穎的或有意義的
17. Hyperbole: A figure of speech in which exaggeration is used for emphasis or effect, as in I could sleep for a year or This book weighs a ton. 夸張法,一種比喻，使用夸張來強(qiáng)調(diào)或產(chǎn)生某種效果，比如在我能睡一年或這書有一噸重
18. onomatopoeia: The formation or use of words such as buzz or murmur that imitate the sounds associated with the objects or actions they refer to. 象聲詞, 詞的構(gòu)成或用法，例如 buzz或 nurmur模仿事物或行動(dòng)的聲音.
19. hypotaxis: 從屬關(guān)系
20. parataxis: 并列結(jié)構(gòu)，指 短語或分句間不用連詞， 如：I came, I saw, I conquered.
21. Transcendentalism: A literary and philosophical movement, associated with Ralph Waldo Emerson and Margaret Fuller, asserting the existence of an ideal spiritual reality that transcends the empirical and scientific and is knowable through intuition. 超驗(yàn)主義, 一種文學(xué)和哲學(xué)運(yùn)動(dòng)，與拉爾夫?沃爾多?愛默生和瑪格麗特?富勒有關(guān)，宣稱存在一種理想的精神實(shí)體，超越于經(jīng)驗(yàn)和科學(xué)之處，通過直覺得以把握
22. Nathaniel Hawthorne wrote the Scarlet Letter. 美國
23. Morphology: The study of the structure and form of words in language or a language, including inflection, derivation, and the formation of compounds.詞法，詞態(tài)學(xué)，形態(tài)音位學(xué), 語言或某一語言中對于單詞的結(jié)構(gòu)和形式的研究，包括詞尾變化、派生和合成詞的構(gòu)成
24. affricate: A complex speech sound consisting of a stop consonant輔音 followed by a fricative摩擦; for example, the initial sounds of child and joy. 塞擦音由閉塞音伴隨著摩擦音而形成的復(fù)雜的語音；例如 child和 joy的第一個(gè)音Also called: affricative.
25. Vanity Fair 名利場 was written William Makepeace Thackray
26. Neil Armstrong was the first person to walk on the moon. Edwin Aldrin, Michael Collins尼爾．阿姆斯特朗、埃德溫．奧爾德林、邁克爾．柯林斯
27. The title of the national anthem 國歌 of Canada is O Canada. 此種類型題同學(xué)們可自己多找?guī)讉€(gè)國家。
28. Henry David Thoreau's work, Walden, has always been regarded as a masterpiece of New England Transcendentalism.
29. etymology: the history of a word. 詞源學(xué)
30. The dominant accent in the United States is General American. 除紐約市、南方、新英格蘭
31. John Lennon is a member of the band of Beatles 披頭士或甲殼蟲樂隊(duì)in the 1960s.
32. In Gulliver's Travels格列佛游記, Jonathan Swift describes the island of the Houyhnhnms as the world's most perfect society. 有理智和人性的馬 Houyhnhnms are horses in fact.
33. Ceoffrey Chaucer wrote Canterbury Tales in fourteenth century.
34. morpheme: A meaningful linguistic unit consisting of a word, such as man, or a word element, such as -ed in walked, that cannot be divided into smaller meaningful parts. 詞素, 一種含有一個(gè)單詞的有意義的語言單位，如 -ed在單詞 walked中，不能被劃分為更小的有意義單位
35. The name of the famous stadium露天體育場 in the north of London is Wembley.
36. Wimbledon溫布爾登[英國英格蘭東南部城市]（位于倫敦附近, 是的國際網(wǎng)球比賽地）
37. Toad in the hole is a Traditional English recipe食譜, originating from Yorkshire, a county in the north of England. 烤面拖牛肉，，面拖烤香腸
38. Boycott: To act together in abstaining from using, buying, or dealing with as an expression of protest or disfavor or as a means of coercion（強(qiáng)制）. 聯(lián)合抵制, 聯(lián)合起來拒絕使用、購買或經(jīng)銷以示*、不滿或作為強(qiáng)制的手段
39. Segregation: The policy and practice of imposing the social separation of races, as in schools, housing, and industry, especially so as to practice discrimination against people of color in a predominantly white society. 種族隔離, 強(qiáng)制實(shí)行種族的社會(huì)分離政策及實(shí)踐，如在學(xué)校、居住和工業(yè)中，尤指在白人居多的社會(huì)中實(shí)行有色人種歧視的政策
40. Apartheid: An official policy of racial segregation practiced in the Republic of South Africa, involving political, legal, and economic discrimination against nonwhites. 種族隔離制, 南非共和國實(shí)行的一種官方的種族隔離政策，包括在政治、法律和經(jīng)濟(jì)諸方面對非白色人種的歧視.
41. Integration: The bringing of people of different racial or ethnic groups into unrestricted and equal association, as in society or an organization; desegregation. 種族或宗教融合, 在社會(huì)或組織中，使不同的種族或宗教派別的人處于無限制的平等的關(guān)系中；取消種族隔離
42. The majority of French-speaking Canadians live in Quebec.
43. Sir Thomas More coined the word “Utopia”, it means nowhere land in Greek.
44. The Hemingway Code heroes are best remembered for their indestructible spirit.
45. Phoneme: any one of the set of smallest distinctive speech sounds in a language that distinguish one word from another 音位，音素, 語言中最小的語音單位，如英語里 mat中的 m和 bat中的 b
46. polysemy: 一詞多義
47. patron saint：保護(hù)圣徒, 守護(hù)神
48. Parentese: 父母語
49. back formation: 逆構(gòu)詞 脫落一詞的詞綴以構(gòu)成新詞 typewriter → typewrite
50. allomorph: Any of the variant forms of a morpheme. For example, the phonetic s of cats, z of dogs, and z of horses and the en of oxen are allomorphs of the English plural morpheme. 語素變體, 語素的一種變體形式，如語音學(xué)的中之 s在 cats中，z在 dogs中，和 iz
（必要作文思路）
第1段：
Ambition is the decision one who makes resolution and carries out into action. It is a burning desire to achieve any tasks and mission in our life. Shakespeare put it, “one who has no ambition that means one who has no soul.” Indeed, once we make up our minds to accomplish our goals, then our life becomes meaningful, which almost have a bearing on all aspects of life.
1，主題定義。2，延伸主題（解釋）3，引用名人名言（自編）4，對名人名言的態(tài)度（贊成還是反對）5，主題的影響（國家，社會(huì)，個(gè)人等方面）
第2段：
First aspect, ambition offers us a sense of mission （觀點(diǎn)一和例證一）
In the second place, ambition can bring one's potentials to the full play.（觀點(diǎn)二和例證二 ）
Last but not the least,（觀點(diǎn)三和例證三）
對比觀點(diǎn)（好與壞）
第3段：
To sum up 1）自己的獨(dú)特看法
2）主題的意義
3）問題的存在和解決方法
閱讀技巧：
同學(xué)們認(rèn)為閱讀都是非常難的有，及格的也很少，全國平均在60%左右，師范和語言院?？赡軙?huì)高點(diǎn)。
閱讀方法
1） 首句尾句法（經(jīng)我多年研究，閱讀中的每一段的第一句和最后一句加起來就是后面5個(gè)問題的60%的答案所在地，把每一個(gè)名詞和動(dòng)詞用鉛筆劃出來）
2） 作者態(tài)度題和單詞互換題。（作者態(tài)度一般都是中立和積極向上的，單詞互換一定要選擇最簡單的，因?yàn)榻o出的單詞就是文中很難的詞）
3） 階梯和長短選題法（這個(gè)要面授才可以懂得如何運(yùn)用）這個(gè)概率是50%以上，07年的閱讀20題里中了11道.不用看題也可以知道答案從哪出,但同學(xué)們的專四成績一定要在65分以上,因?yàn)閷Ｋ脑?0到65分之間的一般都是不及格的分,如果要通過專八,要很努力.這些同學(xué)一定要把5年的閱讀全部用自己的話背下來的同時(shí),寫下來,邊聽邊寫.
4） 關(guān)鍵題回歸法，每個(gè)問題都會(huì)有一個(gè)名詞，把這個(gè)名回到回文中找（注意，找的時(shí)候一定要找它的同義詞和相近詞），它所在的句子一般就是答案。
5） 有時(shí)間的話通讀全文，檢查答案。
必考人文知識：
1. A Tale of Two Cities was written by Charles Dickens.
2. Phonology: The study of speech sounds in language or a language with reference to their distribution and patterning and to tacit rules governing pronunciation. 音位學(xué); 在語言或一門語言中，對有關(guān)其分類和模式以及為大家所默認(rèn)的發(fā)音規(guī)則的研究音韻學(xué), 音系學(xué)
3. Syntax: The study of the rules whereby words or other elements of sentence structure are combined to form grammatical sentences. 句法，研究詞或其它句子成分如何聯(lián)合起來形成合乎語法的句子規(guī)則的學(xué)科
4. Semantics: The study or science of meaning in language forms.語義學(xué)，以語言形式表示意思的研究或科學(xué)
5. acronym : 首字母組合詞，首字母縮略詞，比如，NATO, UNESCO, BASIC,它們可以連拼，但VOA是 Initialism.
6. Metonymy: A figure of speech in which one word or phrase is substituted for another with which it is closely associated, as in the use of Washington for the United States government or of the sword for military power. 換喻或轉(zhuǎn)喻，一種,一個(gè)詞或詞組被另一個(gè)與之有緊密聯(lián)系的詞或詞組替換的修辭方法，如用華盛頓代替美==或用劍代替軍事力量，對面來了三個(gè)“紅領(lǐng)巾”也是，以紅領(lǐng)巾指代少先隊(duì)員。
7. Simile: A figure of speech in which two essentially unlike things are compared, often in a phrase introduced by like or as, as in How like the winter hath my absence been or So are you to my thoughts as food to life （Shakespeare）.明喻, 一種修辭手法，把兩種基本不相像的東西進(jìn)行比較，通常在由 like或 as引導(dǎo)的短語中，如 “我的離開好象是冬天來臨”或“你對我的思想就象食物對于生命一樣重要”（莎士比亞）
8. Metaphor: A figure of speech in which a word or phrase that ordinarily designates one thing is used to designate another, thus making an implicit comparison, as in a sea of troubles or All the world's a stage（Shakespeare） 隱喻一種語言表達(dá)手法，通常用指某物的詞或詞組來指代他物，從而暗示它們之間的相似之處，如 “憂愁之海”或“整個(gè)世界一臺戲”（莎士比亞） the ship of desert 沙漠之舟
9. Oxymoron: A rhetorical figure in which incongruous or contradictory terms are combined, as in a deafening silence and a mournful optimist. 矛盾修飾法, 一種把互相矛盾或不調(diào)和的詞合在一起的修辭手法，如在 震耳欲聾的沉默和悲傷的樂觀 cruel kindness
10. The affection name given to the clock tower of the Houses of Parliament, Westminster is Big Ben.
11. John Milton the poet wrote of Adam and Eve's expulsion from the Garden of Eden in Paradise Lost. Paradise Regained was also written by him.
12. Sonnet: A 14-line verse form usually having one of several conventional rhyme schemes. 十四行詩體, 一種由十四行組成的詩歌形式，通常有一種傳統(tǒng)的押韻形式, 莎士比亞用過此詩體。
13. Slang: A kind of language occurring chiefly in casual and playful speech, made up typically of short-lived coinages and figures of speech that are deliberately used in place of standard terms for added raciness, humor, irreverence, or other effect. 俚語主要出現(xiàn)在非正式的、游戲性的話語中的一種語言，基本由存在時(shí)間很短的派生詞和修辭構(gòu)成，它們被故意地用來取代標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的詞語以達(dá)到生動(dòng)、幽默、無禮或其它效果
14. Catch Phrase: A phrase in wide or popular use, especially one serving as a slogan for a group or movement. 警句，妙句，吸引人的詞句廣泛使用的或流行的用語，尤指用作集團(tuán)或運(yùn)動(dòng)的口號的用語。
15. Jargon: The specialized or technical language of a trade, profession, or similar group. 行話, 一個(gè)行業(yè)、職業(yè)或類似的團(tuán)體中使用的專業(yè)的或技術(shù)的語言. terminology
16. Platitude: A trite or banal remark or statement, especially one expressed as if it were original or significant. 陳腔濫調(diào), 陳腐的或平庸的評論或陳述，尤指某人表述它時(shí)好象它是新穎的或有意義的
17. Hyperbole: A figure of speech in which exaggeration is used for emphasis or effect, as in I could sleep for a year or This book weighs a ton. 夸張法,一種比喻，使用夸張來強(qiáng)調(diào)或產(chǎn)生某種效果，比如在我能睡一年或這書有一噸重
18. onomatopoeia: The formation or use of words such as buzz or murmur that imitate the sounds associated with the objects or actions they refer to. 象聲詞, 詞的構(gòu)成或用法，例如 buzz或 nurmur模仿事物或行動(dòng)的聲音.
19. hypotaxis: 從屬關(guān)系
20. parataxis: 并列結(jié)構(gòu)，指 短語或分句間不用連詞， 如：I came, I saw, I conquered.
21. Transcendentalism: A literary and philosophical movement, associated with Ralph Waldo Emerson and Margaret Fuller, asserting the existence of an ideal spiritual reality that transcends the empirical and scientific and is knowable through intuition. 超驗(yàn)主義, 一種文學(xué)和哲學(xué)運(yùn)動(dòng)，與拉爾夫?沃爾多?愛默生和瑪格麗特?富勒有關(guān)，宣稱存在一種理想的精神實(shí)體，超越于經(jīng)驗(yàn)和科學(xué)之處，通過直覺得以把握
22. Nathaniel Hawthorne wrote the Scarlet Letter. 美國
23. Morphology: The study of the structure and form of words in language or a language, including inflection, derivation, and the formation of compounds.詞法，詞態(tài)學(xué)，形態(tài)音位學(xué), 語言或某一語言中對于單詞的結(jié)構(gòu)和形式的研究，包括詞尾變化、派生和合成詞的構(gòu)成
24. affricate: A complex speech sound consisting of a stop consonant輔音 followed by a fricative摩擦; for example, the initial sounds of child and joy. 塞擦音由閉塞音伴隨著摩擦音而形成的復(fù)雜的語音；例如 child和 joy的第一個(gè)音Also called: affricative.
25. Vanity Fair 名利場 was written William Makepeace Thackray
26. Neil Armstrong was the first person to walk on the moon. Edwin Aldrin, Michael Collins尼爾．阿姆斯特朗、埃德溫．奧爾德林、邁克爾．柯林斯
27. The title of the national anthem 國歌 of Canada is O Canada. 此種類型題同學(xué)們可自己多找?guī)讉€(gè)國家。
28. Henry David Thoreau's work, Walden, has always been regarded as a masterpiece of New England Transcendentalism.
29. etymology: the history of a word. 詞源學(xué)
30. The dominant accent in the United States is General American. 除紐約市、南方、新英格蘭
31. John Lennon is a member of the band of Beatles 披頭士或甲殼蟲樂隊(duì)in the 1960s.
32. In Gulliver's Travels格列佛游記, Jonathan Swift describes the island of the Houyhnhnms as the world's most perfect society. 有理智和人性的馬 Houyhnhnms are horses in fact.
33. Ceoffrey Chaucer wrote Canterbury Tales in fourteenth century.
34. morpheme: A meaningful linguistic unit consisting of a word, such as man, or a word element, such as -ed in walked, that cannot be divided into smaller meaningful parts. 詞素, 一種含有一個(gè)單詞的有意義的語言單位，如 -ed在單詞 walked中，不能被劃分為更小的有意義單位
35. The name of the famous stadium露天體育場 in the north of London is Wembley.
36. Wimbledon溫布爾登[英國英格蘭東南部城市]（位于倫敦附近, 是的國際網(wǎng)球比賽地）
37. Toad in the hole is a Traditional English recipe食譜, originating from Yorkshire, a county in the north of England. 烤面拖牛肉，，面拖烤香腸
38. Boycott: To act together in abstaining from using, buying, or dealing with as an expression of protest or disfavor or as a means of coercion（強(qiáng)制）. 聯(lián)合抵制, 聯(lián)合起來拒絕使用、購買或經(jīng)銷以示*、不滿或作為強(qiáng)制的手段
39. Segregation: The policy and practice of imposing the social separation of races, as in schools, housing, and industry, especially so as to practice discrimination against people of color in a predominantly white society. 種族隔離, 強(qiáng)制實(shí)行種族的社會(huì)分離政策及實(shí)踐，如在學(xué)校、居住和工業(yè)中，尤指在白人居多的社會(huì)中實(shí)行有色人種歧視的政策
40. Apartheid: An official policy of racial segregation practiced in the Republic of South Africa, involving political, legal, and economic discrimination against nonwhites. 種族隔離制, 南非共和國實(shí)行的一種官方的種族隔離政策，包括在政治、法律和經(jīng)濟(jì)諸方面對非白色人種的歧視.
41. Integration: The bringing of people of different racial or ethnic groups into unrestricted and equal association, as in society or an organization; desegregation. 種族或宗教融合, 在社會(huì)或組織中，使不同的種族或宗教派別的人處于無限制的平等的關(guān)系中；取消種族隔離
42. The majority of French-speaking Canadians live in Quebec.
43. Sir Thomas More coined the word “Utopia”, it means nowhere land in Greek.
44. The Hemingway Code heroes are best remembered for their indestructible spirit.
45. Phoneme: any one of the set of smallest distinctive speech sounds in a language that distinguish one word from another 音位，音素, 語言中最小的語音單位，如英語里 mat中的 m和 bat中的 b
46. polysemy: 一詞多義
47. patron saint：保護(hù)圣徒, 守護(hù)神
48. Parentese: 父母語
49. back formation: 逆構(gòu)詞 脫落一詞的詞綴以構(gòu)成新詞 typewriter → typewrite
50. allomorph: Any of the variant forms of a morpheme. For example, the phonetic s of cats, z of dogs, and z of horses and the en of oxen are allomorphs of the English plural morpheme. 語素變體, 語素的一種變體形式，如語音學(xué)的中之 s在 cats中，z在 dogs中，和 iz