1. 分詞作定語
1) 分詞作定語既可以放在所修飾的詞之前,作前置定語,也可以放在所修飾的詞后面,作后置定語.其作用相當(dāng)于一個定語從句.例如:
Where are the reserved seats? (=Where are the seats which have been reserved?)
預(yù)定的座位在哪里?
This is a pressing problem. (=This is a problem which is pressing.)
這是一個緊迫的問題.
2) 分詞作后置定語可分為限制性(緊跟在所修飾的中心詞之后)和非限制性(用逗號與其所修飾的中心詞分開)兩種,其作用分別相當(dāng)于一個限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句.
例如:
The funds raised (= which have been raised) are mainly used for helping the homeless.
籌集的資金主要用來幫助那些無家可歸的人.
There are many students waiting (= who are waiting) to get examined.
有許多學(xué)生在等待檢查
This book, written (= which is written) in simple English, is suitable for beginners.
本書是用淺顯的英語寫的,適合初學(xué)者.
3) 分詞常和形容詞、副詞或名詞構(gòu)成合成形容詞作定語.例如:
The flower-carrying girl must be waiting for someone.
那位手持鮮花的姑娘一定在等人.
The newly-built building is our office building.
這座新建的大樓是我們的辦公樓.
4) 有些不及物動詞的過去分詞作定語,并不表示被動的意思而是表示完成.這類過去分詞常作前置修飾語.例如:
There are a lot of fallen leaves in autumn.
秋天有許多落葉.
The film describes the story about the police who pursue an escaped man.
這部電影描述的是警察抓逃犯的事.
常用的這一類詞有:fallen, faded, returned, retired, risen, grown up, vanished等.
2. 分詞作賓語補足語
1) 跟分詞作賓補的動詞有:catch, have get, keep, hear, find, feel, leave, make, want, start, notice, observe, watch, set等.例如:
When they returned home from the holiday, they found their house stolen.
當(dāng)他們度假完回到家時,發(fā)現(xiàn)房子被盜了.(過去分詞表示被動)
2) 在復(fù)合賓語中,用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補,說明賓語是動作的發(fā)出者,形成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系;用過去分詞作賓補,表示賓語是動作的承受者,構(gòu)成邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系.例如:
There was so much noise that the speaker couldn't make himself heard.
由于十分吵鬧,講話人沒法讓人聽到他的聲音.
When he awoke, he found himself being looked after by an old woman.
他醒來的時候發(fā)現(xiàn)一位老大娘正在照顧他.
1) 分詞作定語既可以放在所修飾的詞之前,作前置定語,也可以放在所修飾的詞后面,作后置定語.其作用相當(dāng)于一個定語從句.例如:
Where are the reserved seats? (=Where are the seats which have been reserved?)
預(yù)定的座位在哪里?
This is a pressing problem. (=This is a problem which is pressing.)
這是一個緊迫的問題.
2) 分詞作后置定語可分為限制性(緊跟在所修飾的中心詞之后)和非限制性(用逗號與其所修飾的中心詞分開)兩種,其作用分別相當(dāng)于一個限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句.
例如:
The funds raised (= which have been raised) are mainly used for helping the homeless.
籌集的資金主要用來幫助那些無家可歸的人.
There are many students waiting (= who are waiting) to get examined.
有許多學(xué)生在等待檢查
This book, written (= which is written) in simple English, is suitable for beginners.
本書是用淺顯的英語寫的,適合初學(xué)者.
3) 分詞常和形容詞、副詞或名詞構(gòu)成合成形容詞作定語.例如:
The flower-carrying girl must be waiting for someone.
那位手持鮮花的姑娘一定在等人.
The newly-built building is our office building.
這座新建的大樓是我們的辦公樓.
4) 有些不及物動詞的過去分詞作定語,并不表示被動的意思而是表示完成.這類過去分詞常作前置修飾語.例如:
There are a lot of fallen leaves in autumn.
秋天有許多落葉.
The film describes the story about the police who pursue an escaped man.
這部電影描述的是警察抓逃犯的事.
常用的這一類詞有:fallen, faded, returned, retired, risen, grown up, vanished等.
2. 分詞作賓語補足語
1) 跟分詞作賓補的動詞有:catch, have get, keep, hear, find, feel, leave, make, want, start, notice, observe, watch, set等.例如:
When they returned home from the holiday, they found their house stolen.
當(dāng)他們度假完回到家時,發(fā)現(xiàn)房子被盜了.(過去分詞表示被動)
2) 在復(fù)合賓語中,用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補,說明賓語是動作的發(fā)出者,形成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系;用過去分詞作賓補,表示賓語是動作的承受者,構(gòu)成邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系.例如:
There was so much noise that the speaker couldn't make himself heard.
由于十分吵鬧,講話人沒法讓人聽到他的聲音.
When he awoke, he found himself being looked after by an old woman.
他醒來的時候發(fā)現(xiàn)一位老大娘正在照顧他.