2010年12月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試常用語(yǔ)法精選(十)
Ⅲ 虛擬語(yǔ)氣
that從居中:
wish, would rather (sooner), had better:
I wish I were as strong as you.
I wish I had paid more attention to our pronunciation.
I wish I remembered the address.
I would rather they came tomorrow (you had gone there too).
I had rather (that) you told him than I did.
suggest, order, demand, propose, command, request, desire, insist 等動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句:
The commander ordered that all civilians (should) be evacuated.
He asked that he be given an opportunity to try.
She urged that he write and accept the post.
it is desired, it is suggested, it is requested, it was ordered, it was proposed, it is necessary, it is important, it has been decided 等結(jié)構(gòu)后的主語(yǔ)從句中.
It was arranged that they leave the following week
It will be better that we meet some other time.
suggestion, motion, proposal, order, recommendations, plan, idea等后面的表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句:
His sole requirement is (was) that thy system be adjusted.
在某些句型中
it is time that
It is time that we went (或should go) to bed.
It is high time we (should) put an end to this controversy.
as if (though) 引起的從句:
They talked (are talking) as if they had been friends for years.
It seems as if it was (were) spring today.
He acts (acted) as if (though) he were (was) an expert.
以lest, for fear that 和 in case 引起的從句(這時(shí)謂語(yǔ)多用 should +動(dòng)詞原形):
He took his raincoat with him lest it should rain.
He put his coat over the child for fear that (或lest) he should catch cold.
I’ll keep a seat for you in case you should need it.
以whatever, whoever, no matter what這類代詞或詞組引起的從句(這時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)多用may加動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成):
Whatever defects he may have, he is an honest man.
Come what may, we will go ahead. 不管發(fā)生什么情況, 我們都要干下去.
I accept that he is old and frail; be that as it may, he’s still a good politician.
我承認(rèn)他年老體衰, 然而盡管如此, 它仍是優(yōu)秀的政治家.
條件句
虛擬條件句主要有下面兩類:
表示現(xiàn)在及將來(lái)情況(表示純?nèi)患僭O(shè)或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的可能性不大的情況):
謂語(yǔ)主要形式如下(be多用were這個(gè)形式):
If I were you, I wouldn’t lose heart.
How nice it would be if you could stay a bit longer.
表示過(guò)去情況的虛擬條件句(與事實(shí)完全相反的假設(shè)情況), 謂語(yǔ)主要形式如下:
She would have come if we had invited her.
If I hadn’t taken your advice, I would have made a bad mistake,
You wouldn’t have caught cold if you had put on more clothes.
Ⅲ 虛擬語(yǔ)氣
that從居中:
wish, would rather (sooner), had better:
I wish I were as strong as you.
I wish I had paid more attention to our pronunciation.
I wish I remembered the address.
I would rather they came tomorrow (you had gone there too).
I had rather (that) you told him than I did.
suggest, order, demand, propose, command, request, desire, insist 等動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句:
The commander ordered that all civilians (should) be evacuated.
He asked that he be given an opportunity to try.
She urged that he write and accept the post.
it is desired, it is suggested, it is requested, it was ordered, it was proposed, it is necessary, it is important, it has been decided 等結(jié)構(gòu)后的主語(yǔ)從句中.
It was arranged that they leave the following week
It will be better that we meet some other time.
suggestion, motion, proposal, order, recommendations, plan, idea等后面的表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句:
His sole requirement is (was) that thy system be adjusted.
在某些句型中
it is time that
It is time that we went (或should go) to bed.
It is high time we (should) put an end to this controversy.
as if (though) 引起的從句:
They talked (are talking) as if they had been friends for years.
It seems as if it was (were) spring today.
He acts (acted) as if (though) he were (was) an expert.
以lest, for fear that 和 in case 引起的從句(這時(shí)謂語(yǔ)多用 should +動(dòng)詞原形):
He took his raincoat with him lest it should rain.
He put his coat over the child for fear that (或lest) he should catch cold.
I’ll keep a seat for you in case you should need it.
以whatever, whoever, no matter what這類代詞或詞組引起的從句(這時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)多用may加動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成):
Whatever defects he may have, he is an honest man.
Come what may, we will go ahead. 不管發(fā)生什么情況, 我們都要干下去.
I accept that he is old and frail; be that as it may, he’s still a good politician.
我承認(rèn)他年老體衰, 然而盡管如此, 它仍是優(yōu)秀的政治家.
條件句
虛擬條件句主要有下面兩類:
表示現(xiàn)在及將來(lái)情況(表示純?nèi)患僭O(shè)或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的可能性不大的情況):
謂語(yǔ)主要形式如下(be多用were這個(gè)形式):
| 從句 | 主句 |
| 過(guò)去式 | would+動(dòng)詞原形 |
If I were you, I wouldn’t lose heart.
How nice it would be if you could stay a bit longer.
表示過(guò)去情況的虛擬條件句(與事實(shí)完全相反的假設(shè)情況), 謂語(yǔ)主要形式如下:
| 從句 | 主句 |
| had+過(guò)去分詞 | would have+過(guò)去分詞 |
She would have come if we had invited her.
If I hadn’t taken your advice, I would have made a bad mistake,
You wouldn’t have caught cold if you had put on more clothes.