2011年成人英語情態(tài)動詞用法一

字號:

(1)各個情態(tài)動詞自身都有一定的詞義。
    (2)情態(tài)動詞不能在句中獨立擔當謂語。
    (3)情態(tài)動詞在句中不受任何人稱,性,數變化的影響。
    (4) 情態(tài)動詞后接的不定式(除ought外)都不帶to ,即接動詞原形。
    英文中的情態(tài)動詞主要有:can ,could ;may ,might ;must ;ought ;need ;dare ,dared ,另外,shall ,will ,should ,would在一定的場合也可用作情態(tài)動詞。例如:
    He can speak five languages.他會說五種語言。
    She must have arrived home by now.現在她準到家了。
    We should study hard for our motherland. 我們應該為祖國而努力學習。
    They needn't be in such a hurry for there is enough time for them. 他們還有足夠的時間,用不著這么慌張。
    1、常用情態(tài)動詞的基本用法
    can ,could 能,會
    (could可以看作是can的過去式,這兩個詞除了時態(tài)不相同外,在表達意思的許多方面是相同的。當然could也有自己獨特的用法。)
    (1)表示腦力或體力上的能力
    Nobody can stop the development of science.
    誰也無法阻止科學的發(fā)展。
    She can sing that song in English.她能用英文唱那歌。
    He can submerge to a depth of about twenty meters .
    他能潛入約二十米深的水中。
    He could hardly support his family before he found the new job.他在找到那份新工作前幾乎無 法養(yǎng)家。
    I could not understand the lecture on the computer given by Mr. Smith.
    我聽不懂史密斯先生作的那個關于計算機的講座。
    (2)表示客觀上的可能性
    You can borrow this useful book from the library.
    你可以從圖書館借到這種有用的書。
    A more suitable person than him for the job can not be found. 不可能找到比他更適合這份工作的人了。
    Now people can skate on the lake.現在人們可以在湖上滑冰了。
    When the storm stopped , the plane could take off.
    當風暴停下來時,飛機可以起飛了不得。
    (3)表示主觀上的允許
    Can I ask you some questions about it?
    我可以問你有關這件事的幾個問題嗎?
    You can not leave here till I come back.直到我回來你才能離開。
    Such kind of thing can't happen any more later.
    這類事以后不準再發(fā)生了。
    Can you tell me how to get to the airport?你能告訴我怎么去機場嗎?
    Could you tell me how to get to the airport?
    您能告訴我怎么去機場嗎?
    Could I be forgiven my negligence?請原諒我的疏忽,行嗎?
    (4)(用于否定句、疑問句或感嘆句中)表示猜測、懷疑或驚詫
    How can / could you be here?你怎么會在這兒?
    She couldn't / can’t be so stupid to do that.
    她不可能蠢得去做那種事吧。
    He couldn't / can't be over seventy.他不可能有七十多歲了。
    Where could / can the boy be now?那孩子現在能在哪兒呢?
    另外,could還常用于表示較客氣委婉的看法、提問及用于虛擬語氣的結構中。這時候,could就不可以看作是can的過去式了。而是could自己獨特的用法。如:
    Could you speak a little slowly?
    您能稍微說慢一點兒嗎?
    I‘m afraid that we couldn't give you any definite answer at this moment.
    恐怕我們這時候還無法給予您任何確切的答復。
    I could come earlier if asked.
    如果要讓我早一點來,我可以來早一點。
    We would appreciate it if you could offer us any help.
    如果您能為我們提供幫助的話,我們將不甚感激。
    You could have done better if you had worked harder at it.
    如果你再加把勁,本來可以干得更好一些的。
    may ,might 或許,可能,可以
    (might可以看作是may的過去式,這兩個詞除了時態(tài)不相同外,在表達意思的許多方面是相近的。當然may 和might又都有一些各自不同的獨特用法。)