2012考研進(jìn)入沖刺階段，提高復(fù)習(xí)效率很重要，考研英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)方面每天要用規(guī)范的英語(yǔ)句子練習(xí)，因?yàn)榫渥邮菢?gòu)成文章的基本要素?？忌鷳?yīng)首先要提高自己組句的能力，訓(xùn)練規(guī)范英語(yǔ)句子的口語(yǔ)和書(shū)面表達(dá)習(xí)慣。
規(guī)范的英語(yǔ)句子有幾個(gè)基本的要求。
(1) 句子應(yīng)完整。不僅意思要求完整，結(jié)構(gòu)也應(yīng)完整。
例如：
誤：Bikes are so popular in China.(不完整)
正： Bikes are so popular in China that almost every family has at least one.(修改后，完整 so…that…結(jié)構(gòu)。)
誤：It is incredible to many people. Cigarette smokers spend money for illness. (第一句話(huà)中的it指代不明。)
正：It is incredible to many people that cigarette smokers spend money for illness. (修改后，此處it作形式主語(yǔ)，替代that從句前置，這樣才是完整的句子結(jié)構(gòu)。)
誤：We couldn’t decide upon a new car, there were many attractive models. (兩句間用了一個(gè)逗號(hào)，這個(gè)錯(cuò)誤看似微不足道，實(shí)際上非常嚴(yán)重。英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法規(guī)則要求，只要句子成分完整就應(yīng)用句號(hào)，或者使用連接詞將其與后句連接。)
正： We couldn’t decide upon a new car, for there were many attractive models.
(2) 句子應(yīng)連貫。
誤：To succeed in a scientific research project, persistence is needed. (造成不連貫的原因是，不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)與主句的主語(yǔ)不一致。)
正：To succeed in a scientific research project, one needs to be persistent.
誤：He was knocked down by a bicycle, but it was not serious. (后面句中it指代不明，與句子其他部分關(guān)系不清，就造成不連貫。)
正：He was knocked down by a bicycle, but was not seriously hurt.
誤：Formerly, science was taught by the textbook method, while now the laboratory method is employed. (此句的毛病在于作主語(yǔ)的名詞不平行。在使用關(guān)聯(lián)詞語(yǔ)時(shí)，兩個(gè)連詞之后要用同樣的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)，這些常用的連詞有both…and, not…but, not only…but also, neither…nor, either…or等)
正：Formerly, science science was taught by the textbook method; now it is taught by the laboratory method.
相同語(yǔ)病的例子如下：
誤：It was both a long ceremony and very tedious.
正: The ceremony was both long and tedious.
誤：A man is judged not only by what he says but also by his deeds.
正： A man is judged not only by what he says but also by what he does.
【重要提示】
在注意連貫性時(shí)，應(yīng)結(jié)合英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)句結(jié)構(gòu)的特點(diǎn)，突出重點(diǎn)。英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)句的結(jié)構(gòu)成樹(shù)狀形，主句就是樹(shù)干，眾多的從句和其他從屬結(jié)構(gòu)(如分詞結(jié)構(gòu)、不定式結(jié)構(gòu)等)是大大小小的樹(shù)枝。考生在練習(xí)造句和寫(xiě)作時(shí)，應(yīng)善于對(duì)句子內(nèi)信息的重要性進(jìn)行權(quán)衡，把重要信息放在主句中，次要信息放在從屬結(jié)構(gòu)中。例如：
改前：The competition for college enrollment is extremely keen this year and the candidates spend days and nights preparing for the entrance examination and they neglect their health and so the newspapers carry articles urging teachers and parents to take up this problem seriously.
上句中，句子拖沓，濫用and, so等連詞，信息主次不分。
利用英語(yǔ)中常用典型的主從復(fù)合句將這一句重新梳理為：
改后：As the competition for college enrollment is extremely keen this year, the candidates spend days and nights preparing for the entrance examination, neglecting their health. In view of this, the newspapers carry articles urging teachers and parents to take up this problem seriously.
改寫(xiě)后，一句分解成兩句，理清了因果關(guān)系，以As…表原因，把重要信息放在主句中，重點(diǎn)突出，在主句后使用了兩個(gè)分詞短語(yǔ)preparing…和neglecting…，表達(dá)從屬信息，又達(dá)到了結(jié)構(gòu)上的平衡。第二句用in view of this 連接，承上啟下。
規(guī)范的英語(yǔ)句子有幾個(gè)基本的要求。
(1) 句子應(yīng)完整。不僅意思要求完整，結(jié)構(gòu)也應(yīng)完整。
例如：
誤：Bikes are so popular in China.(不完整)
正： Bikes are so popular in China that almost every family has at least one.(修改后，完整 so…that…結(jié)構(gòu)。)
誤：It is incredible to many people. Cigarette smokers spend money for illness. (第一句話(huà)中的it指代不明。)
正：It is incredible to many people that cigarette smokers spend money for illness. (修改后，此處it作形式主語(yǔ)，替代that從句前置，這樣才是完整的句子結(jié)構(gòu)。)
誤：We couldn’t decide upon a new car, there were many attractive models. (兩句間用了一個(gè)逗號(hào)，這個(gè)錯(cuò)誤看似微不足道，實(shí)際上非常嚴(yán)重。英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法規(guī)則要求，只要句子成分完整就應(yīng)用句號(hào)，或者使用連接詞將其與后句連接。)
正： We couldn’t decide upon a new car, for there were many attractive models.
(2) 句子應(yīng)連貫。
誤：To succeed in a scientific research project, persistence is needed. (造成不連貫的原因是，不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)與主句的主語(yǔ)不一致。)
正：To succeed in a scientific research project, one needs to be persistent.
誤：He was knocked down by a bicycle, but it was not serious. (后面句中it指代不明，與句子其他部分關(guān)系不清，就造成不連貫。)
正：He was knocked down by a bicycle, but was not seriously hurt.
誤：Formerly, science was taught by the textbook method, while now the laboratory method is employed. (此句的毛病在于作主語(yǔ)的名詞不平行。在使用關(guān)聯(lián)詞語(yǔ)時(shí)，兩個(gè)連詞之后要用同樣的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)，這些常用的連詞有both…and, not…but, not only…but also, neither…nor, either…or等)
正：Formerly, science science was taught by the textbook method; now it is taught by the laboratory method.
相同語(yǔ)病的例子如下：
誤：It was both a long ceremony and very tedious.
正: The ceremony was both long and tedious.
誤：A man is judged not only by what he says but also by his deeds.
正： A man is judged not only by what he says but also by what he does.
【重要提示】
在注意連貫性時(shí)，應(yīng)結(jié)合英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)句結(jié)構(gòu)的特點(diǎn)，突出重點(diǎn)。英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)句的結(jié)構(gòu)成樹(shù)狀形，主句就是樹(shù)干，眾多的從句和其他從屬結(jié)構(gòu)(如分詞結(jié)構(gòu)、不定式結(jié)構(gòu)等)是大大小小的樹(shù)枝。考生在練習(xí)造句和寫(xiě)作時(shí)，應(yīng)善于對(duì)句子內(nèi)信息的重要性進(jìn)行權(quán)衡，把重要信息放在主句中，次要信息放在從屬結(jié)構(gòu)中。例如：
改前：The competition for college enrollment is extremely keen this year and the candidates spend days and nights preparing for the entrance examination and they neglect their health and so the newspapers carry articles urging teachers and parents to take up this problem seriously.
上句中，句子拖沓，濫用and, so等連詞，信息主次不分。
利用英語(yǔ)中常用典型的主從復(fù)合句將這一句重新梳理為：
改后：As the competition for college enrollment is extremely keen this year, the candidates spend days and nights preparing for the entrance examination, neglecting their health. In view of this, the newspapers carry articles urging teachers and parents to take up this problem seriously.
改寫(xiě)后，一句分解成兩句，理清了因果關(guān)系，以As…表原因，把重要信息放在主句中，重點(diǎn)突出，在主句后使用了兩個(gè)分詞短語(yǔ)preparing…和neglecting…，表達(dá)從屬信息，又達(dá)到了結(jié)構(gòu)上的平衡。第二句用in view of this 連接，承上啟下。