2012小升初英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí):延續(xù)動(dòng)詞與瞬間動(dòng)詞、since的四種用法

字號(hào):

1) 用于完成時(shí)的區(qū)別
    延續(xù)動(dòng)詞表示經(jīng)驗(yàn)、經(jīng)歷; 瞬間動(dòng)詞表示行為的結(jié) 果,不能與表示段的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。
    He has completed the work.  他已完成了那項(xiàng)工作。 (表結(jié)果)
    I've known him since then.   我從那時(shí)起就認(rèn)識(shí)他了。(表經(jīng)歷)
    2) 用于till / until從句的差異
    延續(xù)動(dòng)詞用于肯定句,表示"做……直到……" 瞬間動(dòng)詞用于否定句,表示"到……,才……"
    He didn't come back until ten o'clock.
    他到10 點(diǎn)才回來(lái)。
    He slept until ten o'clock.     
    他一直睡到10點(diǎn)。   
    典型例題
    1. You don't need to describe her. I ___ her several times. 
    A. had met B. have met  C. met D. meet
     答案B. 首先本題后句強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響,我知道她的模樣,你不用描述。再次,several times告知為反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,因此用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。
    2.---I'm sorry to keep you waiting.
    ---Oh, not at all. I ___ here only a few minutes.
    A. have been  B. had been  C. was D. will be
     答案A. 等待的動(dòng)作由過(guò)去開(kāi)始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。
    since的四種用法
    1) since +過(guò)去一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn) (如具體的年、月、日期、鐘點(diǎn)、1980, last month, half past six)。
    I have been here since 1989.   
    2) since +一段時(shí)間+ ago
    I have been here since five months ago.
    3) since +從句 
    Great changes have taken place since you left.
    Considerable time has elapsed since we have been here.
    4) It is +一段時(shí)間+ since從句
    It is two years since I became a postgraduate student.