托福語法技巧：主動(dòng)語態(tài)形式一覽表

形式
    現(xiàn)在一般時(shí)式 he works
    進(jìn)行式 he is working
    完成式 he has worked
    完成進(jìn)行式 he has been working
    過去一般式 he worked
    進(jìn)行式 he was working
    完成式 he had worked
    完成進(jìn)行式 he had been working
    將來一般式 he will work
    進(jìn)行式 he will be working
    完成式 he will have worked
    完成進(jìn)行式 he will have been working
    現(xiàn)在 條件語氣 he would work
    條件進(jìn)行式 he would be working
    完成 條件語氣 he would have worked
    條件進(jìn)行式 he would have been working
    肯定式的縮略式
    助動(dòng)詞be，have，will，would的縮略形式如下：
    am ′m
    is ′s 　　are ′re
    have ′ve
    has ′s
    had ′d
    will ′ll
    would ′d
    注意：′s可以表示is或has；′d可以表示had或would：He′s going．相當(dāng)于：
    He is going．
    他要走了。 　　He′s gone．相當(dāng)于：
    He has gone．
    他已走了。
    He′d paid．相當(dāng)于：
    He had paid．
    他已付過了。
    He′d like a drink．相當(dāng)于：
    He would like a drink．
    他想要杯喝的。
    這些縮略形式用于代詞here，there，某些疑問詞和短的名詞之后：
    Here′s your pen．
    你的鋼筆在這兒。 　　The twins′ve arrived．
    雙胞胎已經(jīng)到了。
    The car′d broken down．
    車壞了。 　　肯定式的縮略式不用于句末：
    You aren′t in a hurry but I am．
    你不著急，我可著急。（此處不能用I′m。）
    shall，should，was和were沒有書面的縮略形式，但在口語中常讀為/Ml/，/M+d/，/w+z/和/w+（r）/。
    重音
    通常助動(dòng)詞被用來構(gòu)成時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)不重讀，而主要的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)重讀。