托福語法技巧:各種時(shí)態(tài)的否定形式

字號(hào):

一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的否定式:第三人稱單數(shù)為does not/doesn′t+動(dòng)詞原形;所有其他人稱為do not/don′t+動(dòng)詞原形。一般過去時(shí)的否定式:所有人稱都是did not/didn′t+動(dòng)詞原形。
    口語中較常用的縮略形式舉例如下:
    He does not/doesn′t answer letters.
    他從不給人回信。
    They do not/don′t live here.
    他們不住在這兒。
    I did not/didn′t phone her.
    我沒打電話給她。http://ks.examda.com
    She did not/didn′t wait for me.
    她沒等我。
    其余的時(shí)態(tài)的否定式都用在助動(dòng)詞后加not的方ü鉤傘?謨鎦鋅捎盟趼孕問劍篐e has not/hasn′t finished.
    他還沒有完成。
    He would not/wouldn′t come.
    他不會(huì)來。
    否定式的縮略形式
    助動(dòng)詞be,have,will,would,shall,should,do的縮略形式如下:
    am not ′m not
    is not isn′t/′s not
    are not aren′t/′re not
    例句如:來源:考試大網(wǎng)
    I′m not going and Tom isn′t/Tom′s not going.
    我不去,湯姆也不去。
    We aren′t going./we′re not going.
    我們不去。
    have not和has not的縮略形式是haven′t和hasn′t,但在完成時(shí)態(tài)中′ve not和′s not也是可以的:
    We haven′t seen him./We′ve not seen him.
    我們沒見到過他。
    He hasn′t/He′s not come yet.
    他還沒來。
    will not的縮略形式是won′t,但′ll not也是可以的。 shall not的縮略形式是shan′t:
    I won′t go/I′ll not go till I hear and I shan′t hear till tomorrow.
    沒有聽到音信以前我不去,而我要到明天才能聽到音信。
    其他動(dòng)詞的縮略形式是按常規(guī)加上n′t。
    否定式的縮略式可置于句末:
    I saw it but he didn′t.
    我看見它了,可他沒看見。
    英語中,一個(gè)否定句只能在句中有一個(gè)否定的表達(dá)方式,而雙重否定就會(huì)使句子具有肯定的含義:Nobody did nothing意指人人都干了點(diǎn)事。
    因此,never,no(形容詞),none,nobody,no one,nothing,hard- ly,hardly ever等詞都和肯定動(dòng)詞連用??梢哉f:
    He didn′t eat anything./He ate nothing.
    他沒吃東西。
    He doesn′t ever complain./He never complains.
    他從來不抱怨。   We haven′t seen anyone./We have seen no one.
    我們誰也沒看見。   They didn′t speak much./They hardly spoke at all./They hardly ever spoke.
    他們沒有說什么。