狀語從句目錄[隱藏]
狀語從句的種類
狀語從句的時態(tài)特點(diǎn)
一、時間狀語從句
二 地點(diǎn)狀語從句
三、條件狀語從句
四、原因狀語從句
五、目的狀語從句
六、結(jié)果狀語從句
七、讓步狀語從句
八、比較狀語從句
九、方式狀語從句
十、狀語從句在寫作中的運(yùn)用 狀語從句的種類
狀語從句的時態(tài)特點(diǎn)
一、時間狀語從句
二 地點(diǎn)狀語從句
三、條件狀語從句
四、原因狀語從句
五、目的狀語從句
六、結(jié)果狀語從句
七、讓步狀語從句八、比較狀語從句九、方式狀語從句十、狀語從句在寫作中的運(yùn)用
狀語從句 （Adverbial Clause）
狀語從句指句子用作狀語時，起副詞作用的句子。它可以修飾謂語、非謂語動詞、定語、狀語或整個句子。根據(jù)其作用可分為時間、地點(diǎn)、原因、條件、目的、結(jié)果、讓步、方式和比較等從句。狀語從句一般由連詞(從屬連詞)引導(dǎo)，也可以由詞組引起。從句位于句首或句中時通常用逗號與主句隔開，位于句尾時可以不用逗號隔開。
[編輯本段]狀語從句的種類
用來修飾謂語動詞、其它動詞、定語、狀語或整個句子的從句叫做狀語從句。狀語從句可分為：
1.時間狀語從句；(adverbial clause of time)
2.地點(diǎn)狀語從句；(adverbial clause of place)
3.原因狀語從句；(adverbial clause of cause)
4.條件狀語從句；(adverbial clause of condition)
5.目的狀語從句；(adverbial clause of purpose)
6.讓步狀語從句；(adverbial clause of concession)
7.比較狀語從句；(adverbial clause of comparison)
8.方式狀語從句；(adverbial clause of manner)
9.結(jié)果狀語從句。(adverbial clause of result)
[編輯本段]狀語從句的時態(tài)特點(diǎn)
一般情況下，時間和條件狀語從句的謂語動詞一般用“一般現(xiàn)在時”表示“一般將來時”，用“現(xiàn)在完成時”表示“將來完成時”。例如：
I will call you as soon as I arrive in Beijing. 我一到北京就給你打電話。（這是由as soon as引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句，從句中的謂語動詞arrive是一般現(xiàn)在時，表示一般將來時，決不可用will arrive）
As soon as I have finished this work, I will go home. 我一完成此工作，就回家。（從句中的謂語動詞用現(xiàn)在完成時have finished，表示將來完成時,決不可用will have finished）
If he comes back, please let me know.如果他回來了，請通知我。（從句中的謂語動詞用comes back,表示一般將來時，決不可用will come back）
狀語從句講解和練習(xí)
狀語修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子。通常由副詞、介詞短語、動詞不定式、分詞和從句等擔(dān)當(dāng)。例如：
1. Naturally , our grandparents were pleased to get our phone call . (副詞)
2. We worked hard , from sunrise to sunset . (介詞狀短語)
3. To help my disabled aunt , I spend an hour working in her house every day . (不定式)
4. Seen from a distance , the farmhouse looked deserted . (過去分詞)
5. I know how to light a camp fire because I had done it before .（原因狀語從句）
狀語的位置比較靈活，可以位于句首、句末或句中。enough用作狀語修飾形容詞和副詞時必須后置。
狀語從句主要用來修飾主句或主句的謂語。一般可分為九大類，分別表示時間、地點(diǎn)、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、比較和方式。盡管種類較多，但由于狀語從句與漢語結(jié)構(gòu)和用法相似，所以理解和掌握它并不難。狀語從句的關(guān)鍵是要掌握引導(dǎo)不同狀語從句的常用連接詞
和特殊的連接詞即考點(diǎn)?，F(xiàn)分別列舉如下:
1． 時間狀語從句
常用引導(dǎo)詞：when, as, while, as soon as, before, after, since , till, until
特殊引導(dǎo)詞：the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day，the instant, immediately , directly, no sooner … than, hardly …when, scarcely … when
I didn’t realize how special my mother was until I became an adult.
While John was watching TV, his wife was cooking.
The children ran away from the orchard(果園) the moment they saw the guard.
No sooner had I arrived home than it began to rain.
Every time I listen to your advice, I get into trouble.
2． 地點(diǎn)狀語從句
常用引導(dǎo)詞：where
特殊引導(dǎo)詞：wherever, anywhere, everywhere
Generally, air will be heavily polluted where there are factories.
Wherever you go, you should work hard.
3． 原因狀語從句
常用引導(dǎo)詞：because, since, as, for
特殊引導(dǎo)詞：seeing that, now that, in that, considering that, given that.
My friends dislike me because I’m handsome and successful.
Now that everybody has come, let’s begin our conference.
The higher income tax is harmful in that it may discourage people from trying to earn more.
Considering that he is no more than 12 years old, his height of 1.80 m is quite remarkable.
4． 目的狀語從句
常用引導(dǎo)詞：so that, in order that
特殊引導(dǎo)詞：lest, in case, for fear that，in the hope that, for the purpose that, to the end that
The boss asked the secretary to hurry up with the letters so that he could sign them.
The teacher raised his voice on purpose that the students in the back could hear more clearly.
5． 結(jié)果狀語從句
常用引導(dǎo)詞：so … that, so… that, such … that,
特殊引導(dǎo)詞：such that, to the degree that, to the extent that, to such a degree that,
He got up so early that he caught the first bus.
It’s such a good chance that we must not miss it.
To such an degree was he excited that he couldn’t sleep last night.
6． 條件狀語從句
常用引導(dǎo)詞：if, unless,
特殊引導(dǎo)詞：as/so long as, only if, providing/provided that, supposing that, in case that, on condition that
We’ll start our project if the president agrees.
You will certainly succeed so long as you keep on trying.
Provided that there is no opposition, we shall hold the meeting here.
7． 讓步狀語從句
常用引導(dǎo)詞：though, although, even if, even though
特殊引導(dǎo)詞： as(用在讓步狀語從句中必須要倒裝)，while ( 一般用在句首 )，no matter …， in spite of the fact that, while, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whichever
Much as I respect him, I can’t agree to his proposal.
盡管我很尊敬他， 我卻不同意他的建議。
The old man always enjoys swimming even though the weather is rough.
No matter how hard he tried, she could not change her mind.
He won’t listen whatever you may say.
8． 比較狀語從句
常用引導(dǎo)詞：as(同級比較), than(不同程度的比較)
特殊引導(dǎo)詞：the more … the more … ; just as …， so…; A is to B what /as X is to Y; no … more than; not A so much as B
She is as bad-tempered as her mother.
The house is three times as big as ours.
The more you exercise, the healthier you will be.
Food is to men what oil is to machine. 食物之于人，猶如油之于機(jī)器。
9． 方式狀語從句
常用引導(dǎo)詞：as, as if, how
特殊引導(dǎo)詞：the way
When in Rome, do as the Roman do.
She behaved as if she were the boss.
Sometimes we teach our children the way our parents have taught us.
10. 狀語從句的簡化
?狀語從句的省略
狀語從句同時具備下列兩個條件:①主句和從句的主語一致，或從句主語為it；②從句主要動詞是be的某種形式。從句中的主語和be動詞?？墒÷?。例如：
When ( the museum is ) completed , the museum will be open to the public next year .
He’ll go to the seaside for his holiday if (it is ) possible.
另外，比較狀語從句經(jīng)常省略。例如：
I’m taller than he (is tall ).
The higher the temperature (is), the greater the pressure (is ).
就狀語從句而言,有時為了使語言言簡意賅,常常將狀語從句進(jìn)行"簡化"。狀語從句的"簡化"現(xiàn)象在口語中較為普遍,而且在高考中的復(fù)現(xiàn)率也較高。因此,有必要對其進(jìn)行全面、透徹的了解。
狀語從句的"簡化"現(xiàn)象常存在于以下五種狀語從句中:①由if, unless等引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句;②由although, though, even if / though等引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句;③由when, while, as, before, after, until / till等引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句;④由as, as if等引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句;⑤由as, than等引導(dǎo)的比較狀語從句。下面針對這五種情形作一歸納。
(1)當(dāng)狀語從句的主語是it,且謂語動詞是be時,it和be要完全簡化掉。例如:
If (it is) possible, he will help you out of the difficulty.如果可能的話,他會幫你擺脫困境。
You must attend the meeting unless (it is) inconvenient to you.除非情況對你來說不方便,否則你必須出席這次會議。
(2)當(dāng)狀語從句的主語和主句的主語一致時,從句可以將主語和be動詞簡化掉。常用于以下幾種情形:
a.連詞+形容詞
As (he was) young, he learned how to ride a bike.他小時候就學(xué)會了騎自行車。
Whenever (she is) free, she often goes shopping.她有空就去逛商店。
Work hard when (you are) young, or you'll regret.少壯不努力,老大徒傷悲。
b.連詞+名詞
While (he was) a young boy, he was always ready to help others.他在孩提時代就樂于助人。
Although (he was) a farmer, now he is a famous director.盡管他曾是個農(nóng)民,而現(xiàn)在是位的導(dǎo)演了。
c.連詞+現(xiàn)在分詞
As (she was) walking along the river bank, she was singing a pop song.她沿著河堤邊走邊唱著流行歌曲。
Although (he is) doing his best in maths these days, he has still got no good marks.盡管近來他一直在學(xué)數(shù)學(xué),但他仍然沒有取得好成績。
d.連詞+過去分詞
He won't go there with us unless (he is) invited.除非受到邀請,否則他不會和我們一道去那里。
The concert was a great success than (it was) expected.這場音樂會出乎意料地取得了巨大成功。
e.連詞+不定式
He stood up as if (he were) to say something.當(dāng)時他站起來好像要說什么。He wouldn't solve the problem even if (he were) to take charge.即使他來負(fù)責(zé),他也解決不了這個問題。
f. 連詞+介詞短語
She looked anxious as though (she was) in trouble.她看上去很焦急,好像遇到了麻煩。
He had mastered the English language before (he was) in the USA.他到美國之前就懂英語了。
注意:當(dāng)從句主語和主句主語不一致時,從句部分要么用完全形式,要么用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)來表達(dá)。例如:
When the meeting was over, all the people went out of the meeting-room.當(dāng)會議結(jié)束時,人們都走出了會議室。(=The meeting over,
[編輯本段]一、時間狀語從句
要點(diǎn): 時間狀語從句，由以下連詞引導(dǎo)：
when while as after before as soon as since till /until by the time 在時間狀語從句中，要注意時態(tài)一致。一般情況下主句是將來時的時候，從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時。
1.when當(dāng)...的時候
Mozart started writing music when he was four years old.
(當(dāng))莫扎特4歲的時候，開始寫音樂作品。
2.while當(dāng)...時
He visited a lot of places while he was traveling.
他在旅途中參觀了許多地方。
3.as在...的同時；一邊...一邊...
He smiled as he stood up.
他一邊站起來一邊笑著。
4.after在...之后
He left the classroom after he had finished his homework the other day.
前幾天做完作業(yè)之后回的家。
5.before 在...之前
Mr. Brown had worked in a bank for a year before he came here.
布朗先生來這之前已經(jīng)在一家銀行里工作一年了。
6.as soon as 一...就...
We began to work as soon as we got there.
我們一到那就開始工作。
I will write to you as soon as I get home.
我一到家就給你寫信。
7.since 自。。。以來 到現(xiàn)在
表示自過去的一個起點(diǎn)時間到目前(說話時間)為止的一段持續(xù)時間。主句一般用現(xiàn)在完成時，從句用一般過去時。
Mr Green has taught in that school since he came to China three years ago.
自格林先生來中國以來，他就在這所學(xué)校教書。
(還可以用作介詞，本句從句還可以用短語：since three years ago(自三年前以來)表示。)
8 till /until
都可以作連詞，連接時間狀語，也可以作介詞，與其它詞構(gòu)成介詞短語，在句中作狀語。
They walked till /until it was dark.
他們一直走到天黑。
Xiao Ming didn’t leave home till / until his father came back.
小明直到他爸爸回來才離開家。
9. by the time 到。。。為止 (所在句子的主句應(yīng)用完成時)
By the time he gets there , his father has already gone.
他到家的時候，他爸爸已經(jīng)走了。
By the time I got to school, the class had already began.
我到校時，已經(jīng)開始上課了。
時間狀語從句（adverbial clause of time）
1.由when, while, as引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句。例如：
When you think you know nothing, then you begin to know something.當(dāng)你以為自己一無所知的時候，你就是在開始知道一些事物了。
When truth is buried under the ground it grows, it chokes, it gathers such an explosive force that on the day it bursts out , it blows up everything with it.當(dāng)真理被埋在地下的時候，它在生長，它感到壓抑，它蓄存著這么一種爆炸性力量，一旦冒出，它就會炸破一切！
Strike while the iron is hot. 趁熱打鐵。
Will you watch my clothes while I have a swim. 我游泳的時候，請你照看一下我的衣服。
You can feel the air moving as your hand pushes through it. 當(dāng)你的手在空氣中揮動的時候，你就能感覺到空氣在流動。
Our headmaster laughed as she spoke.我們的校長邊談邊笑。
when, while和as的區(qū)別
when引導(dǎo)的從句的謂語動詞可以是延續(xù)性的動詞，又可以是瞬時動詞。并且when有時表示“就在那時”。
例如：
When she came in, I stopped eating.她進(jìn)來時，我在吃飯。(瞬時動詞)
When I lived in the countryside, I used to carry some water for him.當(dāng)我住在農(nóng)村時，我常常為他擔(dān)水。（延續(xù)性的動詞）
We were about to leave when he came in.我們就要離開，就在那時他進(jìn)來了。
While引導(dǎo)的從句的謂語動作必須是延續(xù)性的，并強(qiáng)調(diào)主句和從句的動作同時發(fā)生（或者相對應(yīng)）。并且while有時還可以表示對比。例如：
While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV. (was reading是延續(xù)性的動詞，was reading和was watching同時發(fā)生)
I like playing football while you like playing basketball.我喜歡踢足球，而你喜歡打籃球。（對比）
As表示“一邊……一邊”，as引導(dǎo)的動作是延續(xù)性的動作，一般用于主句和從句動作同時發(fā)生；as也可以強(qiáng)調(diào)“一先一后。例如：
We always sing as we walk.我們總是邊走邊唱。（as表示“一邊……一邊”）
As we was going out, it began to snow.當(dāng)我們出門時，開始下雪了。（as強(qiáng)調(diào)句中兩個動作緊接著先后發(fā)生，而不強(qiáng)調(diào)開始下雪的特定時間）
as when while的辨析
as when while都表示主、從句動作同時發(fā)生，三者差異如下：
表示“一邊。。。一邊＂的意思
as 強(qiáng)調(diào)兩個動作同時進(jìn)行，并表示對比時
用于發(fā)生時間較短時
when
1、還可以表示從句動詞的動作在主幾句動詞的動作＂之前 ＂或＂之后＂發(fā)生。
2、when＝and then; at that moment (正在那個時候)
while 1、用于時間較長時
2、 強(qiáng)調(diào)兩個動作同時進(jìn)行，并表示對比時
有時這三個連詞可以互換，有時不可以。
lIt was raining hard when (as) I got there.
我到那里時，正在下大雨。 ( 動作同時發(fā)生，when可換為as, 但不能換為while，因?yàn)間et是點(diǎn)動詞.)
lWhen I had read the article, he called me.
我看完這篇文章之后，她給我打了電話。( 從句動作發(fā)生在主句之前，注意時態(tài)表達(dá)，只能用when )
lWhen I got to the cinema, the film had begun.
(當(dāng))我到了電*時，電影已經(jīng)開演了。(從句的動作發(fā)生在主句之后，只能用when,并要注意時態(tài))
lHe was about to leave, when the telephone rang.
他正要離開，忽然電話響了。( 此時不能放在句首。主句動詞一般表達(dá) “正在” “即將”.
while, as不能代替
lShe thought I was talking about her daughter, while, in fact, I was talking about my daughter.
他以為我在談她女兒，然而，實(shí)際上在談?wù)撐遗畠骸?表轉(zhuǎn)折，對比，when, as都不能代替它)
lWhile the alien was buying a souvenir, the girl called the police.
外星人買紀(jì)念品時，那女孩給警察打了電話。(表示主句，從句的動作同時發(fā)生，while后引導(dǎo)的狀語從句的動詞必須是延續(xù)動詞不能是點(diǎn)動詞，因?yàn)樗硎据^長時間)
lMother was worried because little Alice was ill, especially as (when/ while) father was away.
媽媽擔(dān)心，因?yàn)樾埯惤z病了，特別是他父親不在家的時候。(此時as ,when, while可通用)
2.由before和after引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句。
注意before引導(dǎo)的從句不再用否定式的謂語，并且當(dāng)before引導(dǎo)的從句位于主句之后，有時譯成“就，才”。還要注意主句和從句之間的時間關(guān)系。當(dāng)主句用將來時，從句總是用現(xiàn)在時；如果before引導(dǎo)的從句謂語用的是過去時，則主句動詞多用過去完成時，這樣以便體現(xiàn)動作發(fā)生的先后。After表示主句動作發(fā)生在從句動作之后。主句和從句的動作的時間關(guān)系正好與before引導(dǎo)的從句相反。例如：
It will be four days before they come back. 他們要過四天才能回來。
Einstein almost knocked me down before he saw me.愛因斯坦幾乎把我撞倒才看到我。
My father had left for Canada just before the letter arrived.我父親恰好在信到之前去加拿大了。
They had not been married four months before they were divorced. 他們結(jié)婚還不到四個月就離婚了。
After you think it over, please let me know what you decide.你仔細(xì)考慮過以后，告訴我你是怎樣決定的。
After we had finished the work, we went home.完成工作之后，我們回家了。（從句用過去完成時，主句用一般過去時）
3.由till或until引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句。
till和until一般情況下兩者可以互換，但是在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中多用until。并且要注意的是：如果主句中的謂語動詞是瞬時動詞時，必須用否定形式；如果主句中的謂語動詞是延續(xù)性動詞時，用肯定或否定形式都可以，但表達(dá)的意思不同。例如：
I didn't go to bed until（till） my father came back.直到我父親回來我才上床睡覺。
It was not until the meeting was over that he began to teach me English.直到散會之后他才開始教我英語。
I worked until he came back.我工作到他回來為止。
I didn't work until he came back.他回來我這才開始工作。
Please wait until I arrived.在我到達(dá)之前請等我。
4.由since引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句。
since引導(dǎo)的從句的謂語動詞可以是延續(xù)性的動詞，又可以是瞬時動詞。一般情況下，從句謂語動詞用一般過去時，而主句的謂語動詞用現(xiàn)在完成時。但在It is ＋時間＋since從句的句型中，主句多用一般現(xiàn)在時。例如：
I have been in Beijing since you left. 自從你離開以來，我一直在北京了。
Where have you been since I last saw you? 自上次我和你見面以后，你到哪里去了？
It is four years since my sister lived in Beijing. 我妹妹不在北京住有四年了。
It is five months since our boss was in Beijing.我們老板離開北京有五個月了。
知識擴(kuò)展
1. It is since從。。。以來多長時間了(因?yàn)閟ince +從句或名詞，表示一段時間)
It is five years since we met last time.從我們上次見面已經(jīng)五年了。
2. It is +before…(。。。才)
It was a long time before I went to sleep again.
過了很長時間我才睡著。
It was an hour before(＝until) the police arrived.
過了一個小時，警察才來。
5.由as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the instant, the minute, 等引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句。這些連詞都表示“一……就”。例如：
I will go there directly I have finished my breakfast. 吃完早飯，我立即到那里去。
The moment I heard the news, I hastened to the spot.我一聽到消息，馬上趕到了出事地點(diǎn)。
As soon as I reach Canada, I will ring you up. 我一到加拿大，就給你來電話。
【注意】hardly(scarcely, rarely)…when / before, no sooner…than相當(dāng)于as soon as之意。主句用過去完成時，從句用一般過去時。當(dāng)hardly, scarcely, rarely和no sooner位于句首時，主句應(yīng)用倒裝語序。例如：
He had no sooner arrived home than he was asked to start on another journey. 他剛到家，就被邀請開始另一旅程。
No sooner had the sun shown itself above the horizon than he got out of bed to commence work.太陽剛從地平線上升起，他就起床勞動去了。
Hardly had I sat down when he stepped in.我剛坐下，他就進(jìn)來了。
He had hardly fallen asleep when he felt a soft touch on his shoulder.這個阿拉伯人剛要入睡就感到肩膀上被輕輕一觸。
6.由by the time引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句。
注意時態(tài)的變化：在一般情況下，如果從句的謂語動詞用一般過去時，主句的謂語動詞用過去完成時；如果主句的謂語動詞用一般現(xiàn)在時，主句的謂語動詞用將來完成時。例如：
By the time you came back, I had finished this book.到你回來時，我已經(jīng)寫完這本書了。
By the time you come here tomorrow, I will have finished this work. 你明天來這兒的時候，我將已經(jīng)完成此工作了。
7.由each time, every time和whenever引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句。例如：
Each time he came to Harbin, he would call on me. 他每次來哈爾濱，總是來看我。
Whenever that man says“To tell the truth”, I suspect that he's about to tell a lie.每當(dāng)那個人說“說實(shí)在話”的時候，我猜想他就要說謊了。
You grow younger every time I see you. 每次遇到你，見你更年輕了。
8.由as long as和so long as引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句。這兩個連詞表示“有多久……就多久”。例如：
You can go where you like as long as you get back before dark. 你可以隨意到哪里去，只要在天黑以前回來就行。
I will fight against these conditions as long as there is a breath in my body! 只要我一息尚存，我就要反對這種境況。
[編輯本段]二 地點(diǎn)狀語從句
地點(diǎn)狀語從句 (adverbial clause of place)
地點(diǎn)狀語從句一般由連接副詞where, wherever等引導(dǎo)，已經(jīng)形成了固定的句型，
要點(diǎn): 由連詞where和復(fù)合關(guān)系詞wherever (=no matter where )引導(dǎo).
例如：
句型1：Where＋地點(diǎn)從句，（there）＋主句。
【注意】此句型通常譯成“哪里……哪里就……”；主句在從句后面時，there可用可不用；如果主句在從句的前面時，一般都不用there。例如：
Where there is no rain, farming is difficult or impossible.在沒有雨水的地方，耕作是困難的，或根本不可能的。
They were good persons. Where they went, there they were warmly welcomed. 他們都是好人。因此他們走到哪里都受到熱烈歡迎。
You should have put the book where you found it. 你本來應(yīng)該把書放回原來的地方。
Where the Communist Party of China goes, there the people are liberated.哪里有了中國共產(chǎn)黨，哪里人民得解放。
句型2：Anywhere/ wherever＋地點(diǎn)從句，＋主句。
【注意】anywhere本身是個副詞，但是，?？梢砸龑?dǎo)從句，相當(dāng)于連詞，意思相似于wherever, anywhere引導(dǎo)的從句可位于主句之前，也可以位于主句之后。 而wherever本身就是個連詞，表示“在何處，無論何處”。例如：
Wherever the sea is , you will find seamen.有海就有海員。
知識擴(kuò)展
1.Where there is a will , there is a way.
有志者事竟成。(諺語)
1.It will be mixed school where not all the children are disabled.
他將是一所混合式學(xué)校，那里的兒童并不都是殘疾。(在限定性定語從句中對限先行詞起限定作用。)
2.Wherever you go , I go too.
無論你到什么地方，我都去。(wherever=no matter where)無論何處，多用于句首。
3.Wherever there is smoke , there is fire.
無風(fēng)不起浪。(諺語)
4. While she was wondering where to go , she met a policeman.
疑問副詞where后跟不定式,構(gòu)成不定式短語.
[編輯本段]三、條件狀語從句
要點(diǎn)： 表示狀語從句由連詞if, unless (=if not) 引導(dǎo)。
1.If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go hiking.
如果明天不下雨, 我們就去遠(yuǎn)足.
2.You will get good grades if you study hard.
如果你努力學(xué)習(xí),就會取得好成績.
3.I will go to the party unless he goes there too.
我不會去參加聚會的, 除非他也去.(如果他不去,我也不去.)
4.You will be late unless you leave immediately.
如果你不馬上走,你將會遲到的.(=If you don’t leave immediately, you will be late.)
難點(diǎn)提示：用條件狀語從句時要注意時態(tài)的正確使用,當(dāng)主句是將來時的時候,從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時.
lHe will not leave if it isn’t fine tomorrow.
一般將來時， 一般現(xiàn)在時
lThey are going to have a picnic if it doesn’t rain next week.
一般將來時, 一般現(xiàn)在時
[編輯本段]四、原因狀語從句
要點(diǎn): 由連詞because, since, as引導(dǎo), 也可由for, now that 等詞引導(dǎo)
1.I didn’t go to school yesterday because I was ill.
我昨天沒去上學(xué)，因?yàn)槲疑×恕?BR> 2. Since everybody is here, let’s begin our meeting.
既然大家都來了, 讓我們開始開會吧.
3. As you are in poor health, you should not stay up late.
既然你身體不好, 你就不該熬夜.
4.I asked her to stay to tea, for I had something to tell her.
我請她留下來喝茶,因?yàn)槲矣惺乱嬖V她.
.難點(diǎn)——because , since , as , for,辨析
1） because語勢強(qiáng)，用來說明人所不知的原因，回答why提出的問題。當(dāng)原因是顯而易見的或已為人們所知，就用as或 since。
I didn’t go, because I was afraid.
Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey.
2） 由because引導(dǎo)的從句如果放在句末，且前面有逗 號，則可以用for來代替。但如果不是說明直接原因，而是多種情況加以推斷，就只能用for。
He is absent today, becaus e / for he is ill.
He must be ill, for he is absent today.
[編輯本段]五、目的狀語從句
要點(diǎn)： 目的狀語從句由連詞that, so that, so…that , in order that 引導(dǎo)。
1.so that 以至, 以便
I’ll run slowly so that you can catch up with me. (目的)
我將慢慢跑以至你能趕上我。
I opened the window so that fresh air might come in. (目的)
我把窗戶打開以使新鮮空氣可以進(jìn)來。
2.in order that=so that:為了
We shall let you know the details soon in order that you can/may make your arrangements.
不久我們將會讓你知道詳情,以便你們能夠做出安排。(目的)
[編輯本段]六、結(jié)果狀語從句
要點(diǎn)：結(jié)果狀語從句由連詞( so )that, so…that, such…that, so much/many…that引導(dǎo)。
1.so…that 如此…以至于
The scientist’s report was so instructive that we were all very excited.
科學(xué)家的報告很有啟發(fā)性，我們感到很興奮。
He always studied so hard that he made great progress.
他總是那么努力，結(jié)果他取得了很大的進(jìn)步。
2. such…that 如此。。。以至
It’s such nice weather that all of us want to go to the park.
天氣是如此的好，我們大家都想去公園玩。
3.比較：so和 such
其規(guī)律由so與such的不同詞性決定。such 是形容詞，修飾名詞或名詞詞組，so 是副詞，只能修飾形容詞或副詞。 so 還可與表示數(shù)量的形容詞many, few, much, little(這四個形容詞表多或表少時)連用，形成固定搭配。
so foolish such a fool
so nice a flower such a nice flower
so many / few flowers such nice flowers
so much / little money. such rapid progress
so many people such a lot of people
?。?so many 已成固定搭配，a lot of 雖相當(dāng)于 many，但 a lot of 為名詞性的，只能用such搭配。）
so…that與such…that之間的轉(zhuǎn)換既為 so與such之間的轉(zhuǎn)換。
The boy is so young that he can’t go to school.
He is such a young boy that he can’t go to school
難點(diǎn)
+形容詞或副詞
+形+a(an)+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞
so +many 或few+復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 +that
+much或 little+不可數(shù)名詞
so that ,such…that 都可以in order that兩者皆可引導(dǎo)目的地狀語從句和結(jié)果狀語從句，
當(dāng)他們引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句時，從句的謂語里常常有can, could, may, might, will, would等次。
so +adj或adv.+ that， such +n.+ that 以上兩種句型都表示結(jié)果,其中so為副詞,后接形容詞，副詞原型，當(dāng)可數(shù)名詞前有many, few；不可數(shù)名詞前有much, little修飾時，應(yīng)采用句型：so many (few, much, little )+n. 。 such為形容詞, 后只能接名詞。這名詞既可以地可數(shù)的，也可以是不可數(shù)的。如果這名詞是可數(shù),單數(shù),則必須在名詞前加冠詞a(an). 常見的形式是:such a (beautiful)garden, such(nice)people.
1。I’ve had so many falls that I’m black and blue all over.
我跌了很多跤，渾身數(shù)摔得清一塊紫一塊.
2。there are so few notebooks that I can’t give you any.
筆記本太少了,我一本也給不了你.
3。It is such nice weather that I’d like to take a walk.
天氣是如此只好,以至于我想去散散步.
4。Mike is so honest a man that we all believe him.
麥克是如此誠實(shí)的一個人,以至于大家都相信他
(=Mike is such an honest man that we all believe him.)
5。The weather is so nice that I’d like to take a walk.
天氣是如此只好,以至于我想去散散步.
[編輯本段]七、讓步狀語從句
要點(diǎn): 表示讓步的狀語從句由連詞 though, although引導(dǎo).
難點(diǎn)：
lthough, although當(dāng)雖然講, 都不能和but連用. Although,(though)…but的格式是不對的.但是他們都可以同yet (still) 連用. 所以thought (although)…yet(still)的格式是正確的.
Wrong: Although he is rich but he is not happy.
Right : Although he is rich, yet he is not happy.
雖然他很富有, 然而他并不快樂.
Right : Although we have grown up, our parents treat us as children.
Right : Although we have grown up, our parents still treat us as children.
盡管我們已經(jīng)長大了,可是我們的父母仍把我們看作小孩.
although, though 辨析
although 不能though 那樣用作副詞, 放在句末表示強(qiáng)調(diào)時要用even though.
1。He is looking fit, though.
但是,他看上去很健康. 考點(diǎn)
2。Even though I didn’t under a word, I kept smiling.
盡管我一個字也不懂，我還是一直微笑著。
3。He is quite experienced, he is young, though.
盡管他很年輕，他很有經(jīng)驗(yàn)。
典型例題
1） ___she is young, she knows quite a lot.
A. When B. However C. Although D. Unless
答案：C。意為雖然她很年輕，卻知道許多。
2) as, though 引導(dǎo)的倒裝句
as / though引導(dǎo)的讓步從句必須表語或狀語提前（形容詞、副詞、分詞、實(shí)義動詞提前）。
Child as /though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do.
= Though he was a small child, he knew what was the right thing to do.
注意：
a. 句首名詞不能帶任何冠詞。
b. 句首是實(shí)義動詞，其他助動詞放在主語后。如果實(shí)義動詞有賓語和狀語，隨實(shí)義動詞一起放在主語之前。
Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.
= Though he tries hard, he never seems…
雖然他盡了努力，但他的工作總做的不盡人意。
3) ever if, even though. 即使
We’ll make a trip even though the weather is bad.
4) whether…or- 不管……都
Whether you believe it or not, it is true.
5) "no matter +疑問詞" 或"疑問詞+后綴ever"
No matter what happened, he would not mind.
Whatever happened, he would not mind.
替換：no matter what = whatever
no matter who = whoever
no matter when = whenever
no matter where = wherever
no matter which = whichever
no matter how = however
注意：no matter 不能引導(dǎo)主語從句和賓語從句。
?。ㄥe）No matter what you say is of no use now.
?。▽Γ￤hatever you say is of no use now.
你現(xiàn)在說什么也沒用了。(Whatever you say是主語從句)
（錯）Prisoners have to eat no matter what they’re given,
?。▽Γ㏄risoners have to eat whatever they’re given. 囚犯們只能給什么吃什么。
[編輯本段]八、比較狀語從句
要點(diǎn)：比較狀語從句主要運(yùn)用于形容詞和副詞的原級，比較級及高級的句子之中。
原級
1. as…as 和。。。一樣
Jack is as tall as Bob.
捷克和湯姆一樣高。
2. not so(as)…as …和不一樣
She is not so(as)outgoing as her sister.
她不如她姐姐外向。
比較級
more…than (更)
This book is more instructive than that one.
這本書比那本書由教育意義。
高級
1.The most…in/of
This book is the most interesting of the three.
這本書是三本中有趣的。
2. the + 形容詞+est…of/in
This road is the busiest street in our city.
這條路是我們城市繁忙的街道。
知識擴(kuò)展
no more than只不過(嫌少的意思)
1。I have no more than two pens.
我只有兩支筆。
2。It’s no more than a mile to the shops.
去商店不過一英里。
not more than不如。。。；(前者不如后者)
1。Jack is not more diligent than John.
捷克不如約翰勤奮。
2。one of the + 名詞(復(fù)數(shù))….之一(用于高級)
Han Mei is one of the best students in our school.
韓梅是我們學(xué)校好的學(xué)生之一。
[編輯本段]九、方式狀語從句
方式狀語從句通常由as, (just) as…so…, as if, as though引導(dǎo)。
1） as, (just) as…so…引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句通常位于主句后，但在(just) as…so…結(jié)構(gòu)中位于句首，這時as從句帶有比喻的含義，意思是"正如…"，"就像"，多用于正式文體，例如：
1。Always do to the others as you would be done by.
你希望人家怎樣待你，你就要怎樣待人。
2。As water is to fish, so air is to man.
我們離不開空氣，猶如魚兒離不開水。
3。Just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds.
正如打掃房屋一樣，我們也要掃除我們頭腦中落后的東西。
2） as if, as though
兩者的意義和用法相同，引出的狀語從句謂語多用虛擬語氣，表示與事實(shí)相反，有時也用陳述語氣，表示所說情況是事實(shí)或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的可能性較大。漢譯常作"仿佛……似的"，"好像……似的"，例如：
1。They completely ignore these facts as if (as though) they never existed.
他們完全忽略了這些事實(shí)，就仿佛它不存在似的。（與事實(shí)相反，謂語用虛擬語氣。）
2。He looks as if (as though) he had been hit by lighting.
他那樣子就像被雷擊了似的。（與事實(shí)相反，謂語用虛擬語氣。）
3。It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon.
看來天氣很快就會好起來。（實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性較大，謂語用陳述語氣。）
說明：as if / as though也可以引導(dǎo)一個分詞短語、不定式短語或無動詞短語，例如：
1。He stared at me as if seeing me for first time.
他目不轉(zhuǎn)睛地看著我，就像第看見我似的。
2。He cleared his throat as if to say something.
他清了清嗓子，像要說什么似的。
3。The waves dashed on the rocks as if in anger.
波濤沖擊著巖石，好像很憤怒。
[編輯本段]十、狀語從句在寫作中的運(yùn)用
寫作中能合理、正確地使用狀語從句，不但能地道的表達(dá)英文習(xí)慣，而且還能使文體結(jié)構(gòu)更加嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)、美觀。例如下文：
My hobby
The hobby I enjoy most is fishing.
I started fishing (1)when I was five years old. I’ll never forget the day (2)when my father first took me fishing with him. On that day, I was holding a fishing rod (3)when a fish suddenly started pulling on the line. (4)I was so shocked that I fell into the water. But experience didn’t put me off and I have been fishing ever since.
Now I still go fishing with my father. And we often go out on Sundays and spend the whole day fishing in the river.
(1)是由when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句，這類從句的使用頻率很高。
(2)句是由I’ll never forget the day .及when my father first took me fishing with him.兩局組成。When在從句中做時間狀語。
(3)句也是由when 引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句。When 常與suddenly 連用，主句常用過去進(jìn)行是。譯為 “正在……, 忽然……”.
(4)是以 so…that… (太…..以直于……)引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句.
狀語從句的種類
狀語從句的時態(tài)特點(diǎn)
一、時間狀語從句
二 地點(diǎn)狀語從句
三、條件狀語從句
四、原因狀語從句
五、目的狀語從句
六、結(jié)果狀語從句
七、讓步狀語從句
八、比較狀語從句
九、方式狀語從句
十、狀語從句在寫作中的運(yùn)用 狀語從句的種類
狀語從句的時態(tài)特點(diǎn)
一、時間狀語從句
二 地點(diǎn)狀語從句
三、條件狀語從句
四、原因狀語從句
五、目的狀語從句
六、結(jié)果狀語從句
七、讓步狀語從句八、比較狀語從句九、方式狀語從句十、狀語從句在寫作中的運(yùn)用
狀語從句 （Adverbial Clause）
狀語從句指句子用作狀語時，起副詞作用的句子。它可以修飾謂語、非謂語動詞、定語、狀語或整個句子。根據(jù)其作用可分為時間、地點(diǎn)、原因、條件、目的、結(jié)果、讓步、方式和比較等從句。狀語從句一般由連詞(從屬連詞)引導(dǎo)，也可以由詞組引起。從句位于句首或句中時通常用逗號與主句隔開，位于句尾時可以不用逗號隔開。
[編輯本段]狀語從句的種類
用來修飾謂語動詞、其它動詞、定語、狀語或整個句子的從句叫做狀語從句。狀語從句可分為：
1.時間狀語從句；(adverbial clause of time)
2.地點(diǎn)狀語從句；(adverbial clause of place)
3.原因狀語從句；(adverbial clause of cause)
4.條件狀語從句；(adverbial clause of condition)
5.目的狀語從句；(adverbial clause of purpose)
6.讓步狀語從句；(adverbial clause of concession)
7.比較狀語從句；(adverbial clause of comparison)
8.方式狀語從句；(adverbial clause of manner)
9.結(jié)果狀語從句。(adverbial clause of result)
[編輯本段]狀語從句的時態(tài)特點(diǎn)
一般情況下，時間和條件狀語從句的謂語動詞一般用“一般現(xiàn)在時”表示“一般將來時”，用“現(xiàn)在完成時”表示“將來完成時”。例如：
I will call you as soon as I arrive in Beijing. 我一到北京就給你打電話。（這是由as soon as引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句，從句中的謂語動詞arrive是一般現(xiàn)在時，表示一般將來時，決不可用will arrive）
As soon as I have finished this work, I will go home. 我一完成此工作，就回家。（從句中的謂語動詞用現(xiàn)在完成時have finished，表示將來完成時,決不可用will have finished）
If he comes back, please let me know.如果他回來了，請通知我。（從句中的謂語動詞用comes back,表示一般將來時，決不可用will come back）
狀語從句講解和練習(xí)
狀語修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子。通常由副詞、介詞短語、動詞不定式、分詞和從句等擔(dān)當(dāng)。例如：
1. Naturally , our grandparents were pleased to get our phone call . (副詞)
2. We worked hard , from sunrise to sunset . (介詞狀短語)
3. To help my disabled aunt , I spend an hour working in her house every day . (不定式)
4. Seen from a distance , the farmhouse looked deserted . (過去分詞)
5. I know how to light a camp fire because I had done it before .（原因狀語從句）
狀語的位置比較靈活，可以位于句首、句末或句中。enough用作狀語修飾形容詞和副詞時必須后置。
狀語從句主要用來修飾主句或主句的謂語。一般可分為九大類，分別表示時間、地點(diǎn)、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、比較和方式。盡管種類較多，但由于狀語從句與漢語結(jié)構(gòu)和用法相似，所以理解和掌握它并不難。狀語從句的關(guān)鍵是要掌握引導(dǎo)不同狀語從句的常用連接詞
和特殊的連接詞即考點(diǎn)?，F(xiàn)分別列舉如下:
1． 時間狀語從句
常用引導(dǎo)詞：when, as, while, as soon as, before, after, since , till, until
特殊引導(dǎo)詞：the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day，the instant, immediately , directly, no sooner … than, hardly …when, scarcely … when
I didn’t realize how special my mother was until I became an adult.
While John was watching TV, his wife was cooking.
The children ran away from the orchard(果園) the moment they saw the guard.
No sooner had I arrived home than it began to rain.
Every time I listen to your advice, I get into trouble.
2． 地點(diǎn)狀語從句
常用引導(dǎo)詞：where
特殊引導(dǎo)詞：wherever, anywhere, everywhere
Generally, air will be heavily polluted where there are factories.
Wherever you go, you should work hard.
3． 原因狀語從句
常用引導(dǎo)詞：because, since, as, for
特殊引導(dǎo)詞：seeing that, now that, in that, considering that, given that.
My friends dislike me because I’m handsome and successful.
Now that everybody has come, let’s begin our conference.
The higher income tax is harmful in that it may discourage people from trying to earn more.
Considering that he is no more than 12 years old, his height of 1.80 m is quite remarkable.
4． 目的狀語從句
常用引導(dǎo)詞：so that, in order that
特殊引導(dǎo)詞：lest, in case, for fear that，in the hope that, for the purpose that, to the end that
The boss asked the secretary to hurry up with the letters so that he could sign them.
The teacher raised his voice on purpose that the students in the back could hear more clearly.
5． 結(jié)果狀語從句
常用引導(dǎo)詞：so … that, so… that, such … that,
特殊引導(dǎo)詞：such that, to the degree that, to the extent that, to such a degree that,
He got up so early that he caught the first bus.
It’s such a good chance that we must not miss it.
To such an degree was he excited that he couldn’t sleep last night.
6． 條件狀語從句
常用引導(dǎo)詞：if, unless,
特殊引導(dǎo)詞：as/so long as, only if, providing/provided that, supposing that, in case that, on condition that
We’ll start our project if the president agrees.
You will certainly succeed so long as you keep on trying.
Provided that there is no opposition, we shall hold the meeting here.
7． 讓步狀語從句
常用引導(dǎo)詞：though, although, even if, even though
特殊引導(dǎo)詞： as(用在讓步狀語從句中必須要倒裝)，while ( 一般用在句首 )，no matter …， in spite of the fact that, while, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whichever
Much as I respect him, I can’t agree to his proposal.
盡管我很尊敬他， 我卻不同意他的建議。
The old man always enjoys swimming even though the weather is rough.
No matter how hard he tried, she could not change her mind.
He won’t listen whatever you may say.
8． 比較狀語從句
常用引導(dǎo)詞：as(同級比較), than(不同程度的比較)
特殊引導(dǎo)詞：the more … the more … ; just as …， so…; A is to B what /as X is to Y; no … more than; not A so much as B
She is as bad-tempered as her mother.
The house is three times as big as ours.
The more you exercise, the healthier you will be.
Food is to men what oil is to machine. 食物之于人，猶如油之于機(jī)器。
9． 方式狀語從句
常用引導(dǎo)詞：as, as if, how
特殊引導(dǎo)詞：the way
When in Rome, do as the Roman do.
She behaved as if she were the boss.
Sometimes we teach our children the way our parents have taught us.
10. 狀語從句的簡化
?狀語從句的省略
狀語從句同時具備下列兩個條件:①主句和從句的主語一致，或從句主語為it；②從句主要動詞是be的某種形式。從句中的主語和be動詞?？墒÷?。例如：
When ( the museum is ) completed , the museum will be open to the public next year .
He’ll go to the seaside for his holiday if (it is ) possible.
另外，比較狀語從句經(jīng)常省略。例如：
I’m taller than he (is tall ).
The higher the temperature (is), the greater the pressure (is ).
就狀語從句而言,有時為了使語言言簡意賅,常常將狀語從句進(jìn)行"簡化"。狀語從句的"簡化"現(xiàn)象在口語中較為普遍,而且在高考中的復(fù)現(xiàn)率也較高。因此,有必要對其進(jìn)行全面、透徹的了解。
狀語從句的"簡化"現(xiàn)象常存在于以下五種狀語從句中:①由if, unless等引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句;②由although, though, even if / though等引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句;③由when, while, as, before, after, until / till等引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句;④由as, as if等引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句;⑤由as, than等引導(dǎo)的比較狀語從句。下面針對這五種情形作一歸納。
(1)當(dāng)狀語從句的主語是it,且謂語動詞是be時,it和be要完全簡化掉。例如:
If (it is) possible, he will help you out of the difficulty.如果可能的話,他會幫你擺脫困境。
You must attend the meeting unless (it is) inconvenient to you.除非情況對你來說不方便,否則你必須出席這次會議。
(2)當(dāng)狀語從句的主語和主句的主語一致時,從句可以將主語和be動詞簡化掉。常用于以下幾種情形:
a.連詞+形容詞
As (he was) young, he learned how to ride a bike.他小時候就學(xué)會了騎自行車。
Whenever (she is) free, she often goes shopping.她有空就去逛商店。
Work hard when (you are) young, or you'll regret.少壯不努力,老大徒傷悲。
b.連詞+名詞
While (he was) a young boy, he was always ready to help others.他在孩提時代就樂于助人。
Although (he was) a farmer, now he is a famous director.盡管他曾是個農(nóng)民,而現(xiàn)在是位的導(dǎo)演了。
c.連詞+現(xiàn)在分詞
As (she was) walking along the river bank, she was singing a pop song.她沿著河堤邊走邊唱著流行歌曲。
Although (he is) doing his best in maths these days, he has still got no good marks.盡管近來他一直在學(xué)數(shù)學(xué),但他仍然沒有取得好成績。
d.連詞+過去分詞
He won't go there with us unless (he is) invited.除非受到邀請,否則他不會和我們一道去那里。
The concert was a great success than (it was) expected.這場音樂會出乎意料地取得了巨大成功。
e.連詞+不定式
He stood up as if (he were) to say something.當(dāng)時他站起來好像要說什么。He wouldn't solve the problem even if (he were) to take charge.即使他來負(fù)責(zé),他也解決不了這個問題。
f. 連詞+介詞短語
She looked anxious as though (she was) in trouble.她看上去很焦急,好像遇到了麻煩。
He had mastered the English language before (he was) in the USA.他到美國之前就懂英語了。
注意:當(dāng)從句主語和主句主語不一致時,從句部分要么用完全形式,要么用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)來表達(dá)。例如:
When the meeting was over, all the people went out of the meeting-room.當(dāng)會議結(jié)束時,人們都走出了會議室。(=The meeting over,
[編輯本段]一、時間狀語從句
要點(diǎn): 時間狀語從句，由以下連詞引導(dǎo)：
when while as after before as soon as since till /until by the time 在時間狀語從句中，要注意時態(tài)一致。一般情況下主句是將來時的時候，從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時。
1.when當(dāng)...的時候
Mozart started writing music when he was four years old.
(當(dāng))莫扎特4歲的時候，開始寫音樂作品。
2.while當(dāng)...時
He visited a lot of places while he was traveling.
他在旅途中參觀了許多地方。
3.as在...的同時；一邊...一邊...
He smiled as he stood up.
他一邊站起來一邊笑著。
4.after在...之后
He left the classroom after he had finished his homework the other day.
前幾天做完作業(yè)之后回的家。
5.before 在...之前
Mr. Brown had worked in a bank for a year before he came here.
布朗先生來這之前已經(jīng)在一家銀行里工作一年了。
6.as soon as 一...就...
We began to work as soon as we got there.
我們一到那就開始工作。
I will write to you as soon as I get home.
我一到家就給你寫信。
7.since 自。。。以來 到現(xiàn)在
表示自過去的一個起點(diǎn)時間到目前(說話時間)為止的一段持續(xù)時間。主句一般用現(xiàn)在完成時，從句用一般過去時。
Mr Green has taught in that school since he came to China three years ago.
自格林先生來中國以來，他就在這所學(xué)校教書。
(還可以用作介詞，本句從句還可以用短語：since three years ago(自三年前以來)表示。)
8 till /until
都可以作連詞，連接時間狀語，也可以作介詞，與其它詞構(gòu)成介詞短語，在句中作狀語。
They walked till /until it was dark.
他們一直走到天黑。
Xiao Ming didn’t leave home till / until his father came back.
小明直到他爸爸回來才離開家。
9. by the time 到。。。為止 (所在句子的主句應(yīng)用完成時)
By the time he gets there , his father has already gone.
他到家的時候，他爸爸已經(jīng)走了。
By the time I got to school, the class had already began.
我到校時，已經(jīng)開始上課了。
時間狀語從句（adverbial clause of time）
1.由when, while, as引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句。例如：
When you think you know nothing, then you begin to know something.當(dāng)你以為自己一無所知的時候，你就是在開始知道一些事物了。
When truth is buried under the ground it grows, it chokes, it gathers such an explosive force that on the day it bursts out , it blows up everything with it.當(dāng)真理被埋在地下的時候，它在生長，它感到壓抑，它蓄存著這么一種爆炸性力量，一旦冒出，它就會炸破一切！
Strike while the iron is hot. 趁熱打鐵。
Will you watch my clothes while I have a swim. 我游泳的時候，請你照看一下我的衣服。
You can feel the air moving as your hand pushes through it. 當(dāng)你的手在空氣中揮動的時候，你就能感覺到空氣在流動。
Our headmaster laughed as she spoke.我們的校長邊談邊笑。
when, while和as的區(qū)別
when引導(dǎo)的從句的謂語動詞可以是延續(xù)性的動詞，又可以是瞬時動詞。并且when有時表示“就在那時”。
例如：
When she came in, I stopped eating.她進(jìn)來時，我在吃飯。(瞬時動詞)
When I lived in the countryside, I used to carry some water for him.當(dāng)我住在農(nóng)村時，我常常為他擔(dān)水。（延續(xù)性的動詞）
We were about to leave when he came in.我們就要離開，就在那時他進(jìn)來了。
While引導(dǎo)的從句的謂語動作必須是延續(xù)性的，并強(qiáng)調(diào)主句和從句的動作同時發(fā)生（或者相對應(yīng)）。并且while有時還可以表示對比。例如：
While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV. (was reading是延續(xù)性的動詞，was reading和was watching同時發(fā)生)
I like playing football while you like playing basketball.我喜歡踢足球，而你喜歡打籃球。（對比）
As表示“一邊……一邊”，as引導(dǎo)的動作是延續(xù)性的動作，一般用于主句和從句動作同時發(fā)生；as也可以強(qiáng)調(diào)“一先一后。例如：
We always sing as we walk.我們總是邊走邊唱。（as表示“一邊……一邊”）
As we was going out, it began to snow.當(dāng)我們出門時，開始下雪了。（as強(qiáng)調(diào)句中兩個動作緊接著先后發(fā)生，而不強(qiáng)調(diào)開始下雪的特定時間）
as when while的辨析
as when while都表示主、從句動作同時發(fā)生，三者差異如下：
表示“一邊。。。一邊＂的意思
as 強(qiáng)調(diào)兩個動作同時進(jìn)行，并表示對比時
用于發(fā)生時間較短時
when
1、還可以表示從句動詞的動作在主幾句動詞的動作＂之前 ＂或＂之后＂發(fā)生。
2、when＝and then; at that moment (正在那個時候)
while 1、用于時間較長時
2、 強(qiáng)調(diào)兩個動作同時進(jìn)行，并表示對比時
有時這三個連詞可以互換，有時不可以。
lIt was raining hard when (as) I got there.
我到那里時，正在下大雨。 ( 動作同時發(fā)生，when可換為as, 但不能換為while，因?yàn)間et是點(diǎn)動詞.)
lWhen I had read the article, he called me.
我看完這篇文章之后，她給我打了電話。( 從句動作發(fā)生在主句之前，注意時態(tài)表達(dá)，只能用when )
lWhen I got to the cinema, the film had begun.
(當(dāng))我到了電*時，電影已經(jīng)開演了。(從句的動作發(fā)生在主句之后，只能用when,并要注意時態(tài))
lHe was about to leave, when the telephone rang.
他正要離開，忽然電話響了。( 此時不能放在句首。主句動詞一般表達(dá) “正在” “即將”.
while, as不能代替
lShe thought I was talking about her daughter, while, in fact, I was talking about my daughter.
他以為我在談她女兒，然而，實(shí)際上在談?wù)撐遗畠骸?表轉(zhuǎn)折，對比，when, as都不能代替它)
lWhile the alien was buying a souvenir, the girl called the police.
外星人買紀(jì)念品時，那女孩給警察打了電話。(表示主句，從句的動作同時發(fā)生，while后引導(dǎo)的狀語從句的動詞必須是延續(xù)動詞不能是點(diǎn)動詞，因?yàn)樗硎据^長時間)
lMother was worried because little Alice was ill, especially as (when/ while) father was away.
媽媽擔(dān)心，因?yàn)樾埯惤z病了，特別是他父親不在家的時候。(此時as ,when, while可通用)
2.由before和after引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句。
注意before引導(dǎo)的從句不再用否定式的謂語，并且當(dāng)before引導(dǎo)的從句位于主句之后，有時譯成“就，才”。還要注意主句和從句之間的時間關(guān)系。當(dāng)主句用將來時，從句總是用現(xiàn)在時；如果before引導(dǎo)的從句謂語用的是過去時，則主句動詞多用過去完成時，這樣以便體現(xiàn)動作發(fā)生的先后。After表示主句動作發(fā)生在從句動作之后。主句和從句的動作的時間關(guān)系正好與before引導(dǎo)的從句相反。例如：
It will be four days before they come back. 他們要過四天才能回來。
Einstein almost knocked me down before he saw me.愛因斯坦幾乎把我撞倒才看到我。
My father had left for Canada just before the letter arrived.我父親恰好在信到之前去加拿大了。
They had not been married four months before they were divorced. 他們結(jié)婚還不到四個月就離婚了。
After you think it over, please let me know what you decide.你仔細(xì)考慮過以后，告訴我你是怎樣決定的。
After we had finished the work, we went home.完成工作之后，我們回家了。（從句用過去完成時，主句用一般過去時）
3.由till或until引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句。
till和until一般情況下兩者可以互換，但是在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中多用until。并且要注意的是：如果主句中的謂語動詞是瞬時動詞時，必須用否定形式；如果主句中的謂語動詞是延續(xù)性動詞時，用肯定或否定形式都可以，但表達(dá)的意思不同。例如：
I didn't go to bed until（till） my father came back.直到我父親回來我才上床睡覺。
It was not until the meeting was over that he began to teach me English.直到散會之后他才開始教我英語。
I worked until he came back.我工作到他回來為止。
I didn't work until he came back.他回來我這才開始工作。
Please wait until I arrived.在我到達(dá)之前請等我。
4.由since引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句。
since引導(dǎo)的從句的謂語動詞可以是延續(xù)性的動詞，又可以是瞬時動詞。一般情況下，從句謂語動詞用一般過去時，而主句的謂語動詞用現(xiàn)在完成時。但在It is ＋時間＋since從句的句型中，主句多用一般現(xiàn)在時。例如：
I have been in Beijing since you left. 自從你離開以來，我一直在北京了。
Where have you been since I last saw you? 自上次我和你見面以后，你到哪里去了？
It is four years since my sister lived in Beijing. 我妹妹不在北京住有四年了。
It is five months since our boss was in Beijing.我們老板離開北京有五個月了。
知識擴(kuò)展
1. It is since從。。。以來多長時間了(因?yàn)閟ince +從句或名詞，表示一段時間)
It is five years since we met last time.從我們上次見面已經(jīng)五年了。
2. It is +before…(。。。才)
It was a long time before I went to sleep again.
過了很長時間我才睡著。
It was an hour before(＝until) the police arrived.
過了一個小時，警察才來。
5.由as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the instant, the minute, 等引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句。這些連詞都表示“一……就”。例如：
I will go there directly I have finished my breakfast. 吃完早飯，我立即到那里去。
The moment I heard the news, I hastened to the spot.我一聽到消息，馬上趕到了出事地點(diǎn)。
As soon as I reach Canada, I will ring you up. 我一到加拿大，就給你來電話。
【注意】hardly(scarcely, rarely)…when / before, no sooner…than相當(dāng)于as soon as之意。主句用過去完成時，從句用一般過去時。當(dāng)hardly, scarcely, rarely和no sooner位于句首時，主句應(yīng)用倒裝語序。例如：
He had no sooner arrived home than he was asked to start on another journey. 他剛到家，就被邀請開始另一旅程。
No sooner had the sun shown itself above the horizon than he got out of bed to commence work.太陽剛從地平線上升起，他就起床勞動去了。
Hardly had I sat down when he stepped in.我剛坐下，他就進(jìn)來了。
He had hardly fallen asleep when he felt a soft touch on his shoulder.這個阿拉伯人剛要入睡就感到肩膀上被輕輕一觸。
6.由by the time引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句。
注意時態(tài)的變化：在一般情況下，如果從句的謂語動詞用一般過去時，主句的謂語動詞用過去完成時；如果主句的謂語動詞用一般現(xiàn)在時，主句的謂語動詞用將來完成時。例如：
By the time you came back, I had finished this book.到你回來時，我已經(jīng)寫完這本書了。
By the time you come here tomorrow, I will have finished this work. 你明天來這兒的時候，我將已經(jīng)完成此工作了。
7.由each time, every time和whenever引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句。例如：
Each time he came to Harbin, he would call on me. 他每次來哈爾濱，總是來看我。
Whenever that man says“To tell the truth”, I suspect that he's about to tell a lie.每當(dāng)那個人說“說實(shí)在話”的時候，我猜想他就要說謊了。
You grow younger every time I see you. 每次遇到你，見你更年輕了。
8.由as long as和so long as引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句。這兩個連詞表示“有多久……就多久”。例如：
You can go where you like as long as you get back before dark. 你可以隨意到哪里去，只要在天黑以前回來就行。
I will fight against these conditions as long as there is a breath in my body! 只要我一息尚存，我就要反對這種境況。
[編輯本段]二 地點(diǎn)狀語從句
地點(diǎn)狀語從句 (adverbial clause of place)
地點(diǎn)狀語從句一般由連接副詞where, wherever等引導(dǎo)，已經(jīng)形成了固定的句型，
要點(diǎn): 由連詞where和復(fù)合關(guān)系詞wherever (=no matter where )引導(dǎo).
例如：
句型1：Where＋地點(diǎn)從句，（there）＋主句。
【注意】此句型通常譯成“哪里……哪里就……”；主句在從句后面時，there可用可不用；如果主句在從句的前面時，一般都不用there。例如：
Where there is no rain, farming is difficult or impossible.在沒有雨水的地方，耕作是困難的，或根本不可能的。
They were good persons. Where they went, there they were warmly welcomed. 他們都是好人。因此他們走到哪里都受到熱烈歡迎。
You should have put the book where you found it. 你本來應(yīng)該把書放回原來的地方。
Where the Communist Party of China goes, there the people are liberated.哪里有了中國共產(chǎn)黨，哪里人民得解放。
句型2：Anywhere/ wherever＋地點(diǎn)從句，＋主句。
【注意】anywhere本身是個副詞，但是，?？梢砸龑?dǎo)從句，相當(dāng)于連詞，意思相似于wherever, anywhere引導(dǎo)的從句可位于主句之前，也可以位于主句之后。 而wherever本身就是個連詞，表示“在何處，無論何處”。例如：
Wherever the sea is , you will find seamen.有海就有海員。
知識擴(kuò)展
1.Where there is a will , there is a way.
有志者事竟成。(諺語)
1.It will be mixed school where not all the children are disabled.
他將是一所混合式學(xué)校，那里的兒童并不都是殘疾。(在限定性定語從句中對限先行詞起限定作用。)
2.Wherever you go , I go too.
無論你到什么地方，我都去。(wherever=no matter where)無論何處，多用于句首。
3.Wherever there is smoke , there is fire.
無風(fēng)不起浪。(諺語)
4. While she was wondering where to go , she met a policeman.
疑問副詞where后跟不定式,構(gòu)成不定式短語.
[編輯本段]三、條件狀語從句
要點(diǎn)： 表示狀語從句由連詞if, unless (=if not) 引導(dǎo)。
1.If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go hiking.
如果明天不下雨, 我們就去遠(yuǎn)足.
2.You will get good grades if you study hard.
如果你努力學(xué)習(xí),就會取得好成績.
3.I will go to the party unless he goes there too.
我不會去參加聚會的, 除非他也去.(如果他不去,我也不去.)
4.You will be late unless you leave immediately.
如果你不馬上走,你將會遲到的.(=If you don’t leave immediately, you will be late.)
難點(diǎn)提示：用條件狀語從句時要注意時態(tài)的正確使用,當(dāng)主句是將來時的時候,從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時.
lHe will not leave if it isn’t fine tomorrow.
一般將來時， 一般現(xiàn)在時
lThey are going to have a picnic if it doesn’t rain next week.
一般將來時, 一般現(xiàn)在時
[編輯本段]四、原因狀語從句
要點(diǎn): 由連詞because, since, as引導(dǎo), 也可由for, now that 等詞引導(dǎo)
1.I didn’t go to school yesterday because I was ill.
我昨天沒去上學(xué)，因?yàn)槲疑×恕?BR> 2. Since everybody is here, let’s begin our meeting.
既然大家都來了, 讓我們開始開會吧.
3. As you are in poor health, you should not stay up late.
既然你身體不好, 你就不該熬夜.
4.I asked her to stay to tea, for I had something to tell her.
我請她留下來喝茶,因?yàn)槲矣惺乱嬖V她.
.難點(diǎn)——because , since , as , for,辨析
1） because語勢強(qiáng)，用來說明人所不知的原因，回答why提出的問題。當(dāng)原因是顯而易見的或已為人們所知，就用as或 since。
I didn’t go, because I was afraid.
Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey.
2） 由because引導(dǎo)的從句如果放在句末，且前面有逗 號，則可以用for來代替。但如果不是說明直接原因，而是多種情況加以推斷，就只能用for。
He is absent today, becaus e / for he is ill.
He must be ill, for he is absent today.
[編輯本段]五、目的狀語從句
要點(diǎn)： 目的狀語從句由連詞that, so that, so…that , in order that 引導(dǎo)。
1.so that 以至, 以便
I’ll run slowly so that you can catch up with me. (目的)
我將慢慢跑以至你能趕上我。
I opened the window so that fresh air might come in. (目的)
我把窗戶打開以使新鮮空氣可以進(jìn)來。
2.in order that=so that:為了
We shall let you know the details soon in order that you can/may make your arrangements.
不久我們將會讓你知道詳情,以便你們能夠做出安排。(目的)
[編輯本段]六、結(jié)果狀語從句
要點(diǎn)：結(jié)果狀語從句由連詞( so )that, so…that, such…that, so much/many…that引導(dǎo)。
1.so…that 如此…以至于
The scientist’s report was so instructive that we were all very excited.
科學(xué)家的報告很有啟發(fā)性，我們感到很興奮。
He always studied so hard that he made great progress.
他總是那么努力，結(jié)果他取得了很大的進(jìn)步。
2. such…that 如此。。。以至
It’s such nice weather that all of us want to go to the park.
天氣是如此的好，我們大家都想去公園玩。
3.比較：so和 such
其規(guī)律由so與such的不同詞性決定。such 是形容詞，修飾名詞或名詞詞組，so 是副詞，只能修飾形容詞或副詞。 so 還可與表示數(shù)量的形容詞many, few, much, little(這四個形容詞表多或表少時)連用，形成固定搭配。
so foolish such a fool
so nice a flower such a nice flower
so many / few flowers such nice flowers
so much / little money. such rapid progress
so many people such a lot of people
?。?so many 已成固定搭配，a lot of 雖相當(dāng)于 many，但 a lot of 為名詞性的，只能用such搭配。）
so…that與such…that之間的轉(zhuǎn)換既為 so與such之間的轉(zhuǎn)換。
The boy is so young that he can’t go to school.
He is such a young boy that he can’t go to school
難點(diǎn)
+形容詞或副詞
+形+a(an)+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞
so +many 或few+復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 +that
+much或 little+不可數(shù)名詞
so that ,such…that 都可以in order that兩者皆可引導(dǎo)目的地狀語從句和結(jié)果狀語從句，
當(dāng)他們引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句時，從句的謂語里常常有can, could, may, might, will, would等次。
so +adj或adv.+ that， such +n.+ that 以上兩種句型都表示結(jié)果,其中so為副詞,后接形容詞，副詞原型，當(dāng)可數(shù)名詞前有many, few；不可數(shù)名詞前有much, little修飾時，應(yīng)采用句型：so many (few, much, little )+n. 。 such為形容詞, 后只能接名詞。這名詞既可以地可數(shù)的，也可以是不可數(shù)的。如果這名詞是可數(shù),單數(shù),則必須在名詞前加冠詞a(an). 常見的形式是:such a (beautiful)garden, such(nice)people.
1。I’ve had so many falls that I’m black and blue all over.
我跌了很多跤，渾身數(shù)摔得清一塊紫一塊.
2。there are so few notebooks that I can’t give you any.
筆記本太少了,我一本也給不了你.
3。It is such nice weather that I’d like to take a walk.
天氣是如此只好,以至于我想去散散步.
4。Mike is so honest a man that we all believe him.
麥克是如此誠實(shí)的一個人,以至于大家都相信他
(=Mike is such an honest man that we all believe him.)
5。The weather is so nice that I’d like to take a walk.
天氣是如此只好,以至于我想去散散步.
[編輯本段]七、讓步狀語從句
要點(diǎn): 表示讓步的狀語從句由連詞 though, although引導(dǎo).
難點(diǎn)：
lthough, although當(dāng)雖然講, 都不能和but連用. Although,(though)…but的格式是不對的.但是他們都可以同yet (still) 連用. 所以thought (although)…yet(still)的格式是正確的.
Wrong: Although he is rich but he is not happy.
Right : Although he is rich, yet he is not happy.
雖然他很富有, 然而他并不快樂.
Right : Although we have grown up, our parents treat us as children.
Right : Although we have grown up, our parents still treat us as children.
盡管我們已經(jīng)長大了,可是我們的父母仍把我們看作小孩.
although, though 辨析
although 不能though 那樣用作副詞, 放在句末表示強(qiáng)調(diào)時要用even though.
1。He is looking fit, though.
但是,他看上去很健康. 考點(diǎn)
2。Even though I didn’t under a word, I kept smiling.
盡管我一個字也不懂，我還是一直微笑著。
3。He is quite experienced, he is young, though.
盡管他很年輕，他很有經(jīng)驗(yàn)。
典型例題
1） ___she is young, she knows quite a lot.
A. When B. However C. Although D. Unless
答案：C。意為雖然她很年輕，卻知道許多。
2) as, though 引導(dǎo)的倒裝句
as / though引導(dǎo)的讓步從句必須表語或狀語提前（形容詞、副詞、分詞、實(shí)義動詞提前）。
Child as /though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do.
= Though he was a small child, he knew what was the right thing to do.
注意：
a. 句首名詞不能帶任何冠詞。
b. 句首是實(shí)義動詞，其他助動詞放在主語后。如果實(shí)義動詞有賓語和狀語，隨實(shí)義動詞一起放在主語之前。
Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.
= Though he tries hard, he never seems…
雖然他盡了努力，但他的工作總做的不盡人意。
3) ever if, even though. 即使
We’ll make a trip even though the weather is bad.
4) whether…or- 不管……都
Whether you believe it or not, it is true.
5) "no matter +疑問詞" 或"疑問詞+后綴ever"
No matter what happened, he would not mind.
Whatever happened, he would not mind.
替換：no matter what = whatever
no matter who = whoever
no matter when = whenever
no matter where = wherever
no matter which = whichever
no matter how = however
注意：no matter 不能引導(dǎo)主語從句和賓語從句。
?。ㄥe）No matter what you say is of no use now.
?。▽Γ￤hatever you say is of no use now.
你現(xiàn)在說什么也沒用了。(Whatever you say是主語從句)
（錯）Prisoners have to eat no matter what they’re given,
?。▽Γ㏄risoners have to eat whatever they’re given. 囚犯們只能給什么吃什么。
[編輯本段]八、比較狀語從句
要點(diǎn)：比較狀語從句主要運(yùn)用于形容詞和副詞的原級，比較級及高級的句子之中。
原級
1. as…as 和。。。一樣
Jack is as tall as Bob.
捷克和湯姆一樣高。
2. not so(as)…as …和不一樣
She is not so(as)outgoing as her sister.
她不如她姐姐外向。
比較級
more…than (更)
This book is more instructive than that one.
這本書比那本書由教育意義。
高級
1.The most…in/of
This book is the most interesting of the three.
這本書是三本中有趣的。
2. the + 形容詞+est…of/in
This road is the busiest street in our city.
這條路是我們城市繁忙的街道。
知識擴(kuò)展
no more than只不過(嫌少的意思)
1。I have no more than two pens.
我只有兩支筆。
2。It’s no more than a mile to the shops.
去商店不過一英里。
not more than不如。。。；(前者不如后者)
1。Jack is not more diligent than John.
捷克不如約翰勤奮。
2。one of the + 名詞(復(fù)數(shù))….之一(用于高級)
Han Mei is one of the best students in our school.
韓梅是我們學(xué)校好的學(xué)生之一。
[編輯本段]九、方式狀語從句
方式狀語從句通常由as, (just) as…so…, as if, as though引導(dǎo)。
1） as, (just) as…so…引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句通常位于主句后，但在(just) as…so…結(jié)構(gòu)中位于句首，這時as從句帶有比喻的含義，意思是"正如…"，"就像"，多用于正式文體，例如：
1。Always do to the others as you would be done by.
你希望人家怎樣待你，你就要怎樣待人。
2。As water is to fish, so air is to man.
我們離不開空氣，猶如魚兒離不開水。
3。Just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds.
正如打掃房屋一樣，我們也要掃除我們頭腦中落后的東西。
2） as if, as though
兩者的意義和用法相同，引出的狀語從句謂語多用虛擬語氣，表示與事實(shí)相反，有時也用陳述語氣，表示所說情況是事實(shí)或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的可能性較大。漢譯常作"仿佛……似的"，"好像……似的"，例如：
1。They completely ignore these facts as if (as though) they never existed.
他們完全忽略了這些事實(shí)，就仿佛它不存在似的。（與事實(shí)相反，謂語用虛擬語氣。）
2。He looks as if (as though) he had been hit by lighting.
他那樣子就像被雷擊了似的。（與事實(shí)相反，謂語用虛擬語氣。）
3。It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon.
看來天氣很快就會好起來。（實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性較大，謂語用陳述語氣。）
說明：as if / as though也可以引導(dǎo)一個分詞短語、不定式短語或無動詞短語，例如：
1。He stared at me as if seeing me for first time.
他目不轉(zhuǎn)睛地看著我，就像第看見我似的。
2。He cleared his throat as if to say something.
他清了清嗓子，像要說什么似的。
3。The waves dashed on the rocks as if in anger.
波濤沖擊著巖石，好像很憤怒。
[編輯本段]十、狀語從句在寫作中的運(yùn)用
寫作中能合理、正確地使用狀語從句，不但能地道的表達(dá)英文習(xí)慣，而且還能使文體結(jié)構(gòu)更加嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)、美觀。例如下文：
My hobby
The hobby I enjoy most is fishing.
I started fishing (1)when I was five years old. I’ll never forget the day (2)when my father first took me fishing with him. On that day, I was holding a fishing rod (3)when a fish suddenly started pulling on the line. (4)I was so shocked that I fell into the water. But experience didn’t put me off and I have been fishing ever since.
Now I still go fishing with my father. And we often go out on Sundays and spend the whole day fishing in the river.
(1)是由when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句，這類從句的使用頻率很高。
(2)句是由I’ll never forget the day .及when my father first took me fishing with him.兩局組成。When在從句中做時間狀語。
(3)句也是由when 引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句。When 常與suddenly 連用，主句常用過去進(jìn)行是。譯為 “正在……, 忽然……”.
(4)是以 so…that… (太…..以直于……)引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句.