Evolution has changed our bodies and faces over thousands of years - and it's still happening.
在過(guò)去數(shù)千年時(shí)間里，進(jìn)化已經(jīng)改變了人類(lèi)的身體和面部，而如今進(jìn)化過(guò)程仍在發(fā)生著。
Here's how leading anatomical experts predict our descendants will differ physically from us in 1,000 years from now.
下面是主要的解剖學(xué)家對(duì)我們1000年后的后代的模樣做出的預(yù)測(cè)，他們的長(zhǎng)相會(huì)跟我們有一些不同，具體的特點(diǎn)呈現(xiàn)如下：
- We'll be taller at 6-7ft because of improved nutrition and medical science. Osteopath Garry Trainer, from north London, says: "The average American is about one inch taller than in 1960."
身材會(huì)變高：到那時(shí)人類(lèi)的身高會(huì)達(dá)到6至7英尺（約1.83米至2.13米），這是因?yàn)槿祟?lèi)營(yíng)養(yǎng)條件的改善和醫(yī)學(xué)的進(jìn)步。來(lái)自倫敦北部的骨骼整形醫(yī)生蓋里-特瓦納表示："美國(guó)人的平均身高將會(huì)比1960年增長(zhǎng)約1英寸。"
- Our intestines will get shorter so we don't absorb as much fat and sugar - a natural way of avoiding obesity, says dentist Dr Philip Stemmer.
腸子會(huì)變短：我們身體內(nèi)的腸子會(huì)變得更短，這樣我們就不會(huì)吸收太多的脂肪和糖份。牙醫(yī)菲利普-斯坦默博士表示，這也是避免肥胖的一種自然方式。
- If male fertility declines further, there will be smaller testicles.
男性生殖器官變?。喝绻行缘纳衬芰M(jìn)一步下降，那么他們的睪丸將會(huì)變得更小。
- Our most used extremities will change dramatically. Arms and fingers get longer to reduce the need to reach too far and nerve endings in hands and fingers will increase because of the greater use of devices such as iPhones that need complex eye-hand coordination.
胳膊和手指變長(zhǎng)：人類(lèi)最常用的四肢將會(huì)發(fā)生巨大的變化。胳膊和手指會(huì)變長(zhǎng)，以便減少伸長(zhǎng)手臂的次數(shù)。手及手指上的神經(jīng)末梢將會(huì)增加，這是由于iPhone等電子設(shè)備的大量使用需要復(fù)雜的眼手協(xié)調(diào)能力。
- We'll have smaller brains, maybe because so much memorising and thinking is done by our computers. "Science fiction images show humans of the future with huge brains but big brains are not necessarily the best," says Chris Stringer, from the Natural History Museum.
大腦會(huì)變?。喝祟?lèi)的大腦會(huì)變小，這是因?yàn)榇蟛糠值挠洃浐退伎脊ぷ鞫加须娔X代替完成。來(lái)自美國(guó)國(guó)家自然歷史博物館的克里斯-斯汀格表示："在科幻小說(shuō)中有場(chǎng)景描述未來(lái)人類(lèi)擁有巨腦，但其實(shí)腦袋大并不意味著。"
- There will be large eyes to compensate for smaller mouths. Cary Cooper, of Lancaster University, explains: "Communication will rely on facial expressions and eye movements."
眼睛變大嘴變?。旱侥菚r(shí)人類(lèi)的眼睛會(huì)變大，來(lái)彌補(bǔ)變小的嘴巴。英國(guó)萊切斯特大學(xué)的克萊-庫(kù)珀解釋說(shuō)："人類(lèi)的交流將主要依靠面部表情和眼部運(yùn)動(dòng)。
- Dentist Dr Stemmer also thinks there could be fewer teeth as softer food needs less chewing and biting. He says: "We could even get our nutrition from liquids or pills in the future, which could mean less teeth and receded jaws."
牙齒會(huì)變少：牙醫(yī)斯坦默博士還認(rèn)為人類(lèi)的牙齒會(huì)變少，因?yàn)槭澄镒兊酶?，所以不需要過(guò)多的咀嚼和咬。他說(shuō)道："在未來(lái)人類(lèi)所需的營(yíng)養(yǎng)甚至可以通過(guò)流食或藥劑的方式獲得，這意味著牙齒會(huì)減少，而且人類(lèi)的下頜也將退化。
- Expect people to have quadruple chins. "Our bodies were designed for eating less and using more energy than a modern lifestyle requires," says Rajiv Grover, a consultant plastic surgeon.
四下巴：預(yù)計(jì)未來(lái)人類(lèi)會(huì)有比雙下巴還夸張的"四下巴"。整形手術(shù)顧問(wèn)拉杰夫-格羅夫表示："與現(xiàn)代生活方式相比，未來(lái)人類(lèi)的身材會(huì)更符合吃得少能量多消耗的生活。"
We can expect other dramatic changes too.
還會(huì)出現(xiàn)其他一些戲劇性變化：
- Everyone will have the same shape of noses because climate is having less influence on broad or narrow hooters thanks to air conditioning and central heating.
鼻子都一樣：1000年后每個(gè)人的鼻子將會(huì)長(zhǎng)得一樣由于空調(diào)和集中供暖系統(tǒng)的廣泛使用，天氣變化不管是對(duì)寬鼻子還是窄鼻子影響都會(huì)很小。
- Central heating and warm clothing means we'll be less hairy but there'll be more wrinkles as a result of peering at our electronic devices.
皺紋更多：集中供暖系統(tǒng)和保暖衣物也就意味著人類(lèi)的毛發(fā)會(huì)減少，但皺紋會(huì)更多，這是因?yàn)殡娮釉O(shè)備看得太多的緣故。
We could end up with saggy turkey necks too because extra sun will cause loose skin and baggy eyelids. And there will be darker skin as people move around the planet and races mix.
另外，我們的頸部會(huì)下垂，看起來(lái)就像火雞一樣。因?yàn)槲仗嗟奶?yáng)光將會(huì)導(dǎo)致人類(lèi)的皮膚松弛、眼皮松垂。由于地球上越來(lái)越多不同種族的人結(jié)合到一起，人類(lèi)皮膚顏色會(huì)變得更暗。
在過(guò)去數(shù)千年時(shí)間里，進(jìn)化已經(jīng)改變了人類(lèi)的身體和面部，而如今進(jìn)化過(guò)程仍在發(fā)生著。
Here's how leading anatomical experts predict our descendants will differ physically from us in 1,000 years from now.
下面是主要的解剖學(xué)家對(duì)我們1000年后的后代的模樣做出的預(yù)測(cè)，他們的長(zhǎng)相會(huì)跟我們有一些不同，具體的特點(diǎn)呈現(xiàn)如下：
- We'll be taller at 6-7ft because of improved nutrition and medical science. Osteopath Garry Trainer, from north London, says: "The average American is about one inch taller than in 1960."
身材會(huì)變高：到那時(shí)人類(lèi)的身高會(huì)達(dá)到6至7英尺（約1.83米至2.13米），這是因?yàn)槿祟?lèi)營(yíng)養(yǎng)條件的改善和醫(yī)學(xué)的進(jìn)步。來(lái)自倫敦北部的骨骼整形醫(yī)生蓋里-特瓦納表示："美國(guó)人的平均身高將會(huì)比1960年增長(zhǎng)約1英寸。"
- Our intestines will get shorter so we don't absorb as much fat and sugar - a natural way of avoiding obesity, says dentist Dr Philip Stemmer.
腸子會(huì)變短：我們身體內(nèi)的腸子會(huì)變得更短，這樣我們就不會(huì)吸收太多的脂肪和糖份。牙醫(yī)菲利普-斯坦默博士表示，這也是避免肥胖的一種自然方式。
- If male fertility declines further, there will be smaller testicles.
男性生殖器官變?。喝绻行缘纳衬芰M(jìn)一步下降，那么他們的睪丸將會(huì)變得更小。
- Our most used extremities will change dramatically. Arms and fingers get longer to reduce the need to reach too far and nerve endings in hands and fingers will increase because of the greater use of devices such as iPhones that need complex eye-hand coordination.
胳膊和手指變長(zhǎng)：人類(lèi)最常用的四肢將會(huì)發(fā)生巨大的變化。胳膊和手指會(huì)變長(zhǎng)，以便減少伸長(zhǎng)手臂的次數(shù)。手及手指上的神經(jīng)末梢將會(huì)增加，這是由于iPhone等電子設(shè)備的大量使用需要復(fù)雜的眼手協(xié)調(diào)能力。
- We'll have smaller brains, maybe because so much memorising and thinking is done by our computers. "Science fiction images show humans of the future with huge brains but big brains are not necessarily the best," says Chris Stringer, from the Natural History Museum.
大腦會(huì)變?。喝祟?lèi)的大腦會(huì)變小，這是因?yàn)榇蟛糠值挠洃浐退伎脊ぷ鞫加须娔X代替完成。來(lái)自美國(guó)國(guó)家自然歷史博物館的克里斯-斯汀格表示："在科幻小說(shuō)中有場(chǎng)景描述未來(lái)人類(lèi)擁有巨腦，但其實(shí)腦袋大并不意味著。"
- There will be large eyes to compensate for smaller mouths. Cary Cooper, of Lancaster University, explains: "Communication will rely on facial expressions and eye movements."
眼睛變大嘴變?。旱侥菚r(shí)人類(lèi)的眼睛會(huì)變大，來(lái)彌補(bǔ)變小的嘴巴。英國(guó)萊切斯特大學(xué)的克萊-庫(kù)珀解釋說(shuō)："人類(lèi)的交流將主要依靠面部表情和眼部運(yùn)動(dòng)。
- Dentist Dr Stemmer also thinks there could be fewer teeth as softer food needs less chewing and biting. He says: "We could even get our nutrition from liquids or pills in the future, which could mean less teeth and receded jaws."
牙齒會(huì)變少：牙醫(yī)斯坦默博士還認(rèn)為人類(lèi)的牙齒會(huì)變少，因?yàn)槭澄镒兊酶?，所以不需要過(guò)多的咀嚼和咬。他說(shuō)道："在未來(lái)人類(lèi)所需的營(yíng)養(yǎng)甚至可以通過(guò)流食或藥劑的方式獲得，這意味著牙齒會(huì)減少，而且人類(lèi)的下頜也將退化。
- Expect people to have quadruple chins. "Our bodies were designed for eating less and using more energy than a modern lifestyle requires," says Rajiv Grover, a consultant plastic surgeon.
四下巴：預(yù)計(jì)未來(lái)人類(lèi)會(huì)有比雙下巴還夸張的"四下巴"。整形手術(shù)顧問(wèn)拉杰夫-格羅夫表示："與現(xiàn)代生活方式相比，未來(lái)人類(lèi)的身材會(huì)更符合吃得少能量多消耗的生活。"
We can expect other dramatic changes too.
還會(huì)出現(xiàn)其他一些戲劇性變化：
- Everyone will have the same shape of noses because climate is having less influence on broad or narrow hooters thanks to air conditioning and central heating.
鼻子都一樣：1000年后每個(gè)人的鼻子將會(huì)長(zhǎng)得一樣由于空調(diào)和集中供暖系統(tǒng)的廣泛使用，天氣變化不管是對(duì)寬鼻子還是窄鼻子影響都會(huì)很小。
- Central heating and warm clothing means we'll be less hairy but there'll be more wrinkles as a result of peering at our electronic devices.
皺紋更多：集中供暖系統(tǒng)和保暖衣物也就意味著人類(lèi)的毛發(fā)會(huì)減少，但皺紋會(huì)更多，這是因?yàn)殡娮釉O(shè)備看得太多的緣故。
We could end up with saggy turkey necks too because extra sun will cause loose skin and baggy eyelids. And there will be darker skin as people move around the planet and races mix.
另外，我們的頸部會(huì)下垂，看起來(lái)就像火雞一樣。因?yàn)槲仗嗟奶?yáng)光將會(huì)導(dǎo)致人類(lèi)的皮膚松弛、眼皮松垂。由于地球上越來(lái)越多不同種族的人結(jié)合到一起，人類(lèi)皮膚顏色會(huì)變得更暗。