2012年成人英語三級考試閱讀理解學(xué)習(xí)資料(2)

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軍隊詞語分級別,表達你的“興趣”,like和“前綴”
    春日不是讀書天,夏日綿綿正好眠……你能抵抗瞌睡蟲的襲擊嗎?喝咖啡已經(jīng)落伍了,看看今天的科學(xué)新發(fā)現(xiàn)吧!
    To make the most of your time, you should go to bed late and rise(起床) early. But that is conventional wisdom. The future may be different because scientists are doing what they can to get rid of our need for sleep.
    Researchers(研究人員) have been testing a new drug(藥) that can keep people awake for days. The drug is called “modafinil” and, unlike other stimulants(興奮劑), it has no side effects.
    以前,人們都用咖啡因來提神,雖然有效果但持續(xù)時間太短,而且會使人焦躁不安,沒有辦法真正提高工作效率。而這種新藥據(jù)說直接作用于腦部,可使使用者連續(xù)數(shù)日保持自然的思維敏捷的感覺。
    The U.S. military is interested in this type of drug for its soldiers. It would be advantageous to have pilots and fighters who could function(工作、運行) without sleep.
    不知道這個世界會不會因此而多了幾場戰(zhàn)爭呢?
    「讀書筆記」
    make在這里是“利用”的意思,要想程度的利用你的時間,(To make the most of your time)你就應(yīng)該晚睡早起。(you should go to bed late and rise early)不過那都是傳統(tǒng)的看法,(that is conventional wisdom)未來或許會有所不同,(The future may be different)因為科學(xué)家們正在竭盡全力(scientists are doing what they can)消除我們對睡眠的要求。(注意:這里的what they can是我們以前講過的“名詞從句”,還記得嗎?)
    have been testing(一直在測試)是“現(xiàn)在完成進行時”,表示開始于過去并且一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作。研究者一直在冊是一種新藥,是什么樣的新藥呢?文中用定于從句(that can keep people awake for days)給出,是一種“用以使人們一連幾天保持清醒的藥”。
    這種被稱作“莫達非尼”的藥,(The drug is called “modafinil”)不像其他興奮劑那樣對人體有傷害,它沒有副作用。(it has no side effects)
    美國軍方有意將此藥物給軍人使用。(The U.S. military is interested in this type of drug for its soldiers.)注意幾個關(guān)于軍隊的詞語的區(qū)別:military指“軍方(軍官)”,如:The military took over the government.軍方接管了政府。而army則是指軍隊,也可以指許多人組成的大集體,雖然人多,可是不具備行政權(quán)力,如:There they formed an army of about two thousand men.他們在那里組建了一支兩千人的軍隊。Soldier是指“(單個的)士兵”。
    be advantageous to 意思是“對……有利”,to后面接的就是有利的一方,(如:His decision is advantageous to us.他的決定對我們有利。)在這句話中,it是形式主語,真正的主語是后面的to have pilots and fighters who could function(工作、運行) without sleep,而這個主語也要分兩部分來理解:who could function without sleep是定語從句,修飾pilots and fighters(飛行員和戰(zhàn)士)。意思是:如能使飛行員和戰(zhàn)士不睡覺不休息也能執(zhí)行任務(wù),將會對我方非常有利。
    「句型留言板」
    be interested in“對……有興趣”
    我是一個好奇心很強的人,所以,I'm interested in everything(我對任何東西都有興趣。)
    如果想說的具體點,后面就要接動名詞,如:
    She is interested in shopping.她對購物有興趣。
    He's really a playboy, as he is only interested in dating new girls.他是個花花公子,只對約會新女朋友感興趣。
    「語法小教室」
    今天繼續(xù)為大家介紹“構(gòu)詞法”的知識——前綴。
    詞綴分為前綴和后綴兩種。在大多數(shù)情況下,前綴往往改變詞根的詞義,而后綴更多改變的是原詞根的詞性。今天要通過like這個詞,給大家介紹兩個表示否定意思的前綴,un和dis.
    like這個詞既可以做介詞又可以做動詞。當(dāng)它做介詞時表示“像”,如:You look like your father.(你看起來挺像你爸爸。)加上前綴un,變成unlike,意思就由原來的“像”變成了“不像”。比如:unlike other stimulants就是“不像其他興奮劑”的意思。
    like做動詞意思是“喜歡”。加上dis,變成dislike,意思就由原來的“喜歡”變成了“討厭”。如:I dislike having to get up early.我不喜歡早起。